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Download PDFDOI: 10.1055/s-2007-995828
Thrombin and Antithrombotics
John W. Fenton* II , Frederick A. Ofosu** , Diane V. Brezniak, Houria I. Hassouna†- From the *New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, and *Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Albany Medical College of Union University, Albany, NY;
- **Canadian Red Cross Society Blood Services and the Department of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
- †Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
Publication History
Publication Date:
06 February 2008 (online)
Abstract
From injury through healing, thrombin has several important functions in blood clotting, subsequent clot lysis, and tissue repair. These include edema, inflammation, cell recruitment, cellular releases, transformations, mitogenesis, and angiogenesis. Thrombin also participates in disease states, such as venous thrombosis, coronary thrombosis, stroke, and pulmonary emboli, among others and is implicated in atherosclerosis, the growth and metastasis of certain cancers, Alzheimer's disease, and perhaps other conditions.
Thrombin must be continually generated to sustain normal and pathogenic processes. This is because of a variety of consumptive mechanisms. Unlike other activated factors in thrombotic and fibrinolytic pathways, and because thrombin promotes its own generation (feedback and cellular activation), thrombin is a primary target for therapeutics. Besides recombinant hirudins, Argatroban (Novastan®) and Bivalirudin (Hirulog®) are promising thrombin-directed inhibitors for antithrombotic intervention.
Keywords:
Thrombin - thromboembolism - hirudin - Argatroban - Bivalirudin