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Download PDFSemin Thromb Hemost 2009; 35(5): 451-457
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1234140
© Thieme Medical PublishersDOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1234140
The Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Venous and Arterial Thrombosis
Francesco Dentali1 , Alessandro Squizzato1 , Walter Ageno1Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
08 September 2009 (online)
ABSTRACT
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for atherosclerosis. Although a universally accepted definition is still lacking because available classifications present slightly different diagnostic criteria, the metabolic syndrome is now recognized as a serious public health problem that affects up to 45% of the population >50 years of age in the United States and ~20 to 25% of the adult population in Europe.
To diagnose the metabolic syndrome, the concomitant presence of at least three components, among them visceral obesity defined by the measurement of the waist circumference, elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, is required.
The concomitant presence of these risk factors, and thus the presence of the metabolic syndrome, is associated with inflammatory and hypercoagulable states that through increased levels of coagulation factors, reduction in fibrinolysis, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet hyperreactivity may predispose patients to develop cardiovascular events.
Several studies have consistently shown that patients with the metabolic syndrome are at significantly increased risk of diabetes, coronary artery disease, and ischemic stroke. A few recent studies suggest that the metabolic syndrome may also play a role in the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism, but this latter finding needs confirmation by large clinical studies.
KEYWORDS
Metabolic syndrome - arterial thrombosis - venous thrombosis
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Walter AgenoM.D. U.O.
Medicina I, Ospedale di Circolo
Viale Borri 57, 21100 Varese, Italy
Email:agewal@yahoo.com