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Nature
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An unusual supernova in the error box of the γ-ray burst of 25 April 1998

Naturevolume 395, pages670–672 (1998)Cite this article

Abstract

The discovery of afterglows associated with γ-ray bursts at X-ray1, optical2 and radio3 wavelengths and the measurement of the redshifts of some of these events4,5 has established that γ-ray bursts lie at extreme distances, making them the most powerful photon-emitters known in the Universe. Here we report the discovery of transient optical emission in the error box of the γ-ray burst GRB980425, the light curve of which was very different from that of previous optical afterglows associated with γ-ray bursts. The optical transient is located in a spiral arm of the galaxy ESO184-G82, which has a redshift velocity of only 2,550 km s−1 (ref. 6). Its optical spectrum and location indicate that it is a very luminous supernova7, which has been identified as SN1998bw. If this supernova and GRB980425 are indeed associated, the energy radiated in γ-rays is at least four orders of magnitude less than in other γ-ray bursts, although its appearance was otherwise unremarkable: this indicates that very different mechanisms can give rise to γ-ray bursts. But independent of this association, the supernova is itself unusual, exhibiting an unusual light curve at radio wavelengths that requires that the gas emitting the radio photons be expanding relativistically8,9.

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Figure 1: UBVRI light curves of SN1998bw, corrected for galactic foreground extinction, AV = 0.20, as inferred from a combination of COBE/DIRBE and IRAS/ISSA maps25.
Figure 2: Representative spectra near maximum light of SN1998bw, SN1994I (type Ic; ESO supernova archive, courtesy of M.Turatto), and SN1984L (type Ib)28.

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Acknowledgements

This work is based partly on observations made by the MACHO Project with the 50-inch telescope at the ANU's Mt Stromlo Observatory (ANUMSO), by H. Jerjen with the 40-inch telescope at the ANU's Siding Spring Observatory, and on observations made at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile. We thank the RAPT Group of amateur astronomers (E. Pozza, A. Brakel, B. Crooke, S. McKeown, G. Wyper, K. Ward, D. Baines, P. Purcell, T. Leach, J. Howard, D. McDowell, M. McDonald, A. Salmon and A. Gurtierrez) for providing images from the 30-inch telescope at ANUMSO, and the SuperCOSMOS team for making a scan of an SERC Survey Plate taken with the UKST. J.v.P., C.K., M.K. and K.H. were supported by NASA.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Astronomical Institute “Anton Pannekoek”, University of Amsterdam & Center for High Energy Astrophysics, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    T. J. Galama, P. M. Vreeswijk, J. van Paradijs, P. J. Groot, R. G. Strom & P. de Wildt

  2. Physics Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, 35899, Alabama, USA

    J. van Paradijs

  3. Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, 35812, Alabama, USA

    C. Kouveliotou, T. Koshut, M. Kippen & C. Robinson

  4. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, ES-84, Huntsville, 35812, Alabama, USA

    C. Kouveliotou, M. Kippen & C. Robinson

  5. ESO, Casilla, 19001, Santiago 19, Chile

    T. Augusteijn, H. Böhnhardt, J. P. Brewer, V. Doublier, J.-F. Gonzalez, B. Leibundgut, C. Lidman, O. R. Hainaut & F. Patat

  6. SRON Laboratory for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584, CA Utrecht, The Netherlands

    J. Heise & J. in't Zand

  7. Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, 94720-7450, California, USA

    K. Hurley

  8. Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990, AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

    R. G. Strom

  9. Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, I-34131, Trieste, Italy

    P. A. Mazzali

  10. Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 111, Tokyo, Japan

    K. Iwamoto, K. Nomoto, H. Umeda, T. Nakamura, T. R. Young, T. Suzuki & T. Shigeyama

  11. Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 111, Tokyo, Japan

    K. Nomoto, H. Umeda, T. Suzuki & T. Shigeyama

  12. Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road , CB3 0HA, Cambridge, UK

    R. A. M. J. Wijers & N. Tanvir

  13. Department of Physics and Astronomy, SUNY, Stony Brook, 11794-3800, New York, USA

    R. A. M. J. Wijers

  14. Astrophysikalisches Institut, Potsdam, Germany

    J. Greiner

  15. Istituto Tecnologie e Studio Radiazioni Extraterrestri, CNR, Bologna, Italy

    E. Pian, E. Palazzi, F. Frontera & N. Masetti

  16. Istituto di Fisica Cosmica e Applicazioni all’Informatica, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, I-90146, Palermo , Italy

    L. Nicastro

  17. Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale, CNR, Roma, Italy

    M. Feroci, E. Costa & L. Piro

  18. Mt Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, The Australian National University, Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia

    B. A. Peterson

  19. Anglo-Australian Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia

    C. Tinney, B. Boyle, R. Cannon & R. Stathakis

  20. School of Physics A29, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

    E. Sadler

  21. Department of Astronomy, PO Box 3818

    M. C. Begam & P. Ianna

  22. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22903, Virginia, USA

    M. C. Begam & P. Ianna

Authors
  1. T. J. Galama

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  2. P. M. Vreeswijk

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  3. J. van Paradijs

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  4. C. Kouveliotou

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  5. T. Augusteijn

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  6. H. Böhnhardt

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  7. J. P. Brewer

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  8. V. Doublier

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  9. J.-F. Gonzalez

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  10. B. Leibundgut

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  11. C. Lidman

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  12. O. R. Hainaut

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  13. F. Patat

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  14. J. Heise

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  15. J. in't Zand

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  16. K. Hurley

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  17. P. J. Groot

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  18. R. G. Strom

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  19. P. A. Mazzali

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  20. K. Iwamoto

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  21. K. Nomoto

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  22. H. Umeda

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  23. T. Nakamura

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  24. T. R. Young

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  25. T. Suzuki

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  26. T. Shigeyama

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  27. T. Koshut

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  28. M. Kippen

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  29. C. Robinson

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  30. P. de Wildt

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  31. R. A. M. J. Wijers

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  32. N. Tanvir

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  33. J. Greiner

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  34. E. Pian

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  35. E. Palazzi

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  36. F. Frontera

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  37. N. Masetti

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  38. L. Nicastro

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  39. M. Feroci

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  40. E. Costa

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  41. L. Piro

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  42. B. A. Peterson

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  43. C. Tinney

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  44. B. Boyle

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  45. R. Cannon

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  46. R. Stathakis

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  47. E. Sadler

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  48. M. C. Begam

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  49. P. Ianna

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Corresponding author

Correspondence toT. J. Galama.

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Galama, T., Vreeswijk, P., van Paradijs, J.et al. An unusual supernova in the error box of the γ-ray burst of 25 April 1998.Nature395, 670–672 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1038/27150

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