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European Journal of Human Genetics
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Y-chromosomal STR haplotype analysis reveals surname-associated strata in the East-German population

European Journal of Human Geneticsvolume 14, pages577–582 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

In human populations, the correct historical interpretation of a genetic structure is often hampered by an almost inherent inability to differentiate between ancient and more recent influences upon extant gene pools. One method to trace recent population movements is the analysis of surnames, which, at least in Central Europe, can be thought of as traits ‘linked’ to the Y chromosome. Illegitimacy, extramarital birth and changes of surnames may have substantially obscured this linkage. In order to assess the actual extent of correlation between surnames and Y-chromosomal haplotypes in Central Europe, we typed Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat markers in 419 German males from Halle. These individuals were subdivided into three groups according to the origin of their respective surname, namely German (G), Slavic (S) or ‘Mixed’ (M). The distribution of the haplotypes was compared by Analysis of Molecular Variance. While the M group was indistinguishable from group G (ΦST=−0.0008,P>0.5), a highly significant difference (ΦST=0.0277,P<0.001) was observed between the S group and the combined G+M group. This surprisingly strong differentiation is comparable to that of European populations of much larger geographic and linguistic difference. In view of the major migration from Slavic countries into Germany in the 19th century, it appears likely that the observed concurrence of Slavic surnames and Y chromosomes is of a recent rather than an early origin. Our results suggest that surnames may provide a simple means to stratify, and thereby to render more efficient, Y-chromosomal analyses of Central Europeans that target more ancient events.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Tim Lu for helpful comments on the manuscript and Gerald Bothe for graphical work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Legal Medicine, Martin-Luther-University, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Uta-Dorothee Immel, Manfred Kleiber & Michael Klintschar

  2. Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany

    Michael Krawczak

  3. Institute for Slavistics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Jürgen Udolph

  4. Institute for Slavistics, Martin-Luther-University, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Angela Richter

  5. Biotype AG, Dresden, Germany

    Heike Rodig

Authors
  1. Uta-Dorothee Immel
  2. Michael Krawczak
  3. Jürgen Udolph
  4. Angela Richter
  5. Heike Rodig
  6. Manfred Kleiber
  7. Michael Klintschar

Corresponding author

Correspondence toUta-Dorothee Immel.

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Immel, UD., Krawczak, M., Udolph, J.et al. Y-chromosomal STR haplotype analysis reveals surname-associated strata in the East-German population.Eur J Hum Genet14, 577–582 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201572

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