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Nature Ecology & Evolution
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The evolutionary road from wild moth to domestic silkworm

Nature Ecology & Evolutionvolume 2, pages1268–1279 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

The Silk Road, which derives its name from the trade of silk produced by the domestic silkwormBombyx mori, was an important episode in the development and interaction of human civilizations. However, the detailed history behind silkworm domestication remains ambiguous, and little is known about the underlying genetics with respect to important aspects of its domestication. Here, we reconstruct the domestication processes and identify selective sweeps by sequencing 137 representative silkworm strains. The results present an evolutionary scenario in which silkworms may have been initially domesticated in China as trimoulting lines, then subjected to independent spreads along the Silk Road that gave rise to the development of most local strains, and further improved for modern silk production in Japan and China, having descended from diverse ancestral sources. We find that genes with key roles in nitrogen and amino acid metabolism may have contributed to the promotion of silk production, and that circadian-related genes are generally selected for their adaptation. We additionally identify associations between several candidate genes and important breeding traits, thereby advancing the applicable value of our resources.

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Fig. 1: Inferred genetic relationships across all sequenced strains.
Fig. 2: Inferred phylogeny and evolutionary relationships among main groups.
Fig. 3: Global selection signatures in silkworm domestication.
Fig. 4: Selection associated with increased silk production in domestication.
Fig. 5: Selection associated with local adaption to domestication and dispersal.
Fig. 6: Application of the SNP data in GWAS to rapidly identify genes underlying six representative traits.

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Acknowledgements

We thank X. Huang, S. Xu and K. Wang for discussion on the evolutionary analyses, X. Hu, W. Wang, A. Wang, H. Liu, Q. Li and J. Lian for early contributions to the wild silkworm genome sequencing, and L. Chen and X. Wang for assistance with DNA preparation. The research was supported by the National Key Basic Research (973) Program in China (grant 2013CB835200), National Science Foundation of China (grants 31522053, 91631103, 31672370, 31501877 and 31371286), Chinese Academy of Sciences programme (grant 173176001000162007) and Thousand Talents Program of China (to S.Z.).

Author information

Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Hui Xiang, Xiaojing Liu, Muwang Li.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China

    Hui Xiang, Lizhi Wang & Yong Cui

  2. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China

    Hui Xiang, Ya’nan Zhu, Liyuan Liu & Wen Wang

  3. CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China

    Xiaojing Liu, Gangqi Fang & Shuai Zhan

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Xiaojing Liu & Gangqi Fang

  5. School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China

    Muwang Li, Heying Qian & Anying Xu

  6. Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China

    Wen Wang

Authors
  1. Hui Xiang
  2. Xiaojing Liu
  3. Muwang Li
  4. Ya’nan Zhu
  5. Lizhi Wang
  6. Yong Cui
  7. Liyuan Liu
  8. Gangqi Fang
  9. Heying Qian
  10. Anying Xu
  11. Wen Wang
  12. Shuai Zhan

Contributions

W.W., S.Z. and H.X. conceived the project. S.Z. and H.X. designed the studies. A.X., H.Q. and M.L. provided silkworm strains. M.L. performed phenotyping. H.X. and L.L. prepared the DNA. S.Z. led the analyses. S.Z., H.X., X.L. and G.F. performed the analyses. H.X. annotated and interpreted the selective sweeps. Y.Z., L.W., L.L., Y.C. and X.L. performed the functional experiments. S.Z., H.X. and X.L. wrote the manuscript. W.W. improved the manuscript. Affiliations are sorted based on the numerical order in the author list.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence toAnying Xu,Wen Wang orShuai Zhan.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Xiang, H., Liu, X., Li, M.et al. The evolutionary road from wild moth to domestic silkworm.Nat Ecol Evol2, 1268–1279 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0593-4

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