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DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data
- Benjamin J Callahan1,
- Paul J McMurdie2,
- Michael J Rosen3,
- Andrew W Han2,
- Amy Jo A Johnson2 &
- …
- Susan P Holmes1
Nature Methodsvolume 13, pages581–583 (2016)Cite this article
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Abstract
We present the open-source software package DADA2 for modeling and correcting Illumina-sequenced amplicon errors (https://github.com/benjjneb/dada2). DADA2 infers sample sequences exactly and resolves differences of as little as 1 nucleotide. In several mock communities, DADA2 identified more real variants and output fewer spurious sequences than other methods. We applied DADA2 to vaginal samples from a cohort of pregnant women, revealing a diversity of previously undetectedLactobacillus crispatus variants.
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Acknowledgements
We thank M. Schirmer and D. MacIntyre for productive correspondence. This work was supported by the NSF (DMS-1162538 to S.P.H.), the NIH (R01AI112401 to S.P.H.), and the Samarth Foundation (Stanford Microbiome Seed Grant to B.J.C. and S.P.H.).
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Authors and Affiliations
Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Benjamin J Callahan & Susan P Holmes
Second Genome, South San Francisco, California, USA
Paul J McMurdie, Andrew W Han & Amy Jo A Johnson
Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Michael J Rosen
- Benjamin J Callahan
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- Paul J McMurdie
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- Michael J Rosen
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- Andrew W Han
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- Amy Jo A Johnson
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- Susan P Holmes
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Contributions
B.J.C. and S.P.H. designed the research; B.J.C., P.J.M., and M.J.R. implemented the algorithm; B.J.C. performed the analysis; B.J.C., P.J.M., M.J.R., and S.P.H. wrote the paper; and A.W.H. and A.J.A.J. generated the Extreme data set designed by B.J.C., P.J.M., and A.W.H.
Corresponding author
Correspondence toBenjamin J Callahan.
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The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Supplementary information
Supplementary Text and Figures
Supplementary Figures 1–8, Supplementary Tables 1–3 and Supplementary Notes 1 and 2 (PDF 1809 kb)
Supplementary Software
DADA2 software package and scripts for benchmarking and analysis (ZIP 1312 kb)
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Callahan, B., McMurdie, P., Rosen, M.et al. DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data.Nat Methods13, 581–583 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3869
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