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Nature
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A new arboreal haramiyid shows the diversity of crown mammals in the Jurassic period

Naturevolume 500, pages199–202 (2013)Cite this article

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ACorrigendum to this article was published on 03 June 2015

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Abstract

A major unsolved problem in mammalian evolution is the origin of Allotheria, including Multituberculata and Haramiyida1,2,3,4,5. Multituberculates are the most diverse and best known Mesozoic era mammals and ecologically resemble rodents, but haramiyids are known mainly from isolated teeth, hampering our search for their phylogenetic relationships. Here we report a new haramiyid from the Jurassic period of China, which is, to our knowledge the largest reported so far. It has a novel dentition, a mandible resembling advanced multituberculates and postcranial features adapted for arboreal life. Our phylogenetic analysis places Haramiyida within crown Mammalia, suggesting the origin of crown Mammalia in the Late Triassic period and diversification in the Jurassic, which contrasts other estimated divergence times of crown Mammalia6,7,8. The new haramiyid reveals additional mammalian features of the group, helps to identify other haramiyids represented by isolated teeth, and shows again that, regardless of various phylogenetic scenarios, a complex pattern of evolution involving many convergences and/or reversals existed in Mesozoic mammals.

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Figure 1: The holotype specimen and line drawing ofArboroharamiya jenkinsi (STM33-9).
Figure 2: Teeth, mandibles and tooth occlusal relationships ofArboroharamiya jenkinsi.
Figure 3: Ternary diagrams showing intrinsic manual and pedal ray III proportions.
Figure 4: Relationship ofArboroharamiya and geological distributions of major groups of Mesozoic mammals and their relatives.

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Change history

  • 03 June 2015

    Nature 500, 199–202 (2013); doi:10.1038/nature12353 In Fig. 2a of this Letter the tooth P3 should be horizontally flipped, as shown in Fig. 1 of this Corrigendum. We thank Z-X. Luo, T. Martin and C-F. Zhou for pointing out the error.

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Acknowledgements

We thank C. Zhao for illustrations, J. R. Wible for access to comparative specimens, W. Zhang for scanning electron microscope photography and T. Qiao for help with PAUP analyses. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China 973 Program 2012CB821906, National Natural Science Foundation of China 41172016 and 41128002, and the Hundred Talents Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi City, Shandong 276005, China,

    Xiaoting Zheng & Xiaoli Wang

  2. Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature, Pingyi, Shandong 273300, China,

    Xiaoting Zheng & Xiaoli Wang

  3. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China

    Shundong Bi & Jin Meng

  4. Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, 15705, Pennsylvania, USA

    Shundong Bi

  5. Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th Street, New York, New York 10024, USA,

    Jin Meng

Authors
  1. Xiaoting Zheng

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  2. Shundong Bi

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  3. Xiaoli Wang

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  4. Jin Meng

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Contributions

X.Z., S.B. and J.M. designed the project. X.Z., S.B., X.W. and J.M. performed the research. S.B. and J.M. wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence toShundong Bi orJin Meng.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Additional information

This published work and related nomenclatural acts have been registered at the ZooBank, the proposed online registration system for the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs) for this publication include: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DF31F78-FBDC-4C1C-9E5F-B0D28FCB3FCA, urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:83079D68-7FF5-4AA6-B4EB-4BE518F31B7B (family), urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9F912251-A221-4946-9CAC-D35932B45685( genus) and urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDA99CD4-D79D-4FED-8AF3-C5313BC986F0 (species).

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

This file contains Supplementary Information parts A-K, including Supplementary Text, Supplementary Figures 1-11, Supplementary Tables 1-3, Supplementary Data and additional references – see contents pages for details. (PDF 9034 kb)

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Zheng, X., Bi, S., Wang, X.et al. A new arboreal haramiyid shows the diversity of crown mammals in the Jurassic period.Nature500, 199–202 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12353

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Editorial Summary

The tangled world of the early mammals

Independent reports of two newly discovered fossils from the Jurassic of China (around 160–165 million years old) produce conflicting reconstructions of the origins of mammals. Haramiyids were Mesozoic mammals with strange, highly derived rodent-like teeth. Because of this they have been allied with multituberculates, a larger and highly successful group of rodent-like mammals that lived until the Eocene. The problem with haramiyids is that they were until recently known only from teeth. A report by Jin Meng and colleagues reveals a much more complete creature whose features ally it with multituberculates, confirming earlier views — but also implying that the roots of extant mammals lie well back in the Triassic. By contrast, the haramiyid described by Zhe-Xi Luo and colleagues is startlingly primitive in many features of the jaw and ankle, implying that the haramiyids go way back in the mammalian scheme of things and are not related to multituberculates at all. This dichotomy is a reminder of just how little we know about fossils whose interpretation is crucial to the early evolution of mammals.

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Jurassic fossils and mammalian antiquity

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