Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

Advertisement

Nature
  • Brief Communications Arising
  • Published:

Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality

Naturevolume 471pagesE1–E4 (2011)Cite this article

Subjects

ABrief Communications Arising to this article was published on 23 March 2011

Abstract

Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. WilsonNature466, 1057–1062 (2010)10.1038/nature09205; Nowaket al.reply

Nowaket al.1 argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature. We will focus our comments on three general issues.

This is a preview of subscription content,access via your institution

Access options

Access through your institution

Subscription info for Japanese customers

We have a dedicated website for our Japanese customers. Please go tonatureasia.com to subscribe to this journal.

Buy this article

  • Purchase on SpringerLink
  • Instant access to full article PDF

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Nowak, M. A., Tarnita, C. E. & Wilson, E. O. The evolution of eusociality.Nature466, 1057–1062 (2010)

    Article ADS CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hamilton, W. D. The genetical evolution of social behaviour, I & II.J. Theor. Biol.7, 1–52 (1964)

    Article CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hamilton, W. D. Selfish and spiteful behaviour in an evolutionary model.Nature228, 1218–1220 (1970)

    Article ADS CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Grafen, A. Optimisation of inclusive fitness.J. Theor. Biol.238, 541–563 (2006)

    Article MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Frank, S. A.Foundations of Social Evolution (Princeton Univ. Press, 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gardner, A., West, S. A. & Barton, N. H. The relation between multilocus population genetics and social evolution theory.Am. Nat.169, 207–226 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Rousset, F.Genetic Structure and Selection in Subdivided Populations (Princeton Univ. Press, 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Queller, D. C. A general model for kin selection.Evolution46, 376–380 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Krebs, J. R. & Davies, N. B.Behavioural Ecology. An Evolutionary Approach 4th edn (Blackwell Scientific, 1997)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Foster, K. R. A defense of sociobiology.Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol.74, 403–418 (2009)

    Article CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Westneat, D. F. & Fox, C. W.Evolutionary Behavioral Ecology (Oxford Univ. Press, 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hardy, I. C. W.Sex Ratios: Concepts and Research Methods (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  13. West, S. A.Sex Allocation (Princeton Univ. Press, 2009)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  14. Queller, D. C. & Strassmann, J. E. Kin selection and social insects.Bioscience48, 165–175 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Boomsma, J. J. Lifetime monogamy and the evolution of eusociality.Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B364, 3191–3207 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ratnieks, F. L. W., Foster, K. R. & Wenseleers, T. Conflict resolution in insect societies.Annu. Rev. Entomol.51, 581–608 (2006)

    Article CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37235, Tennessee, USA

    Patrick Abbot

  2. Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Sizuoka 422-8529, Japan

    Jun Abe

  3. School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287-4501, Arizona, USA

    John Alcock

  4. UMR CNRS-IRD 2724, Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, B.P. 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Samuel Alizon & Yannis Michalakis

  5. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK

    Joao A. C. Alpedrinha, Jay M. Biernaskie, Sam Brown, Angus Buckling, Max N. Burton-Chellew, Claire El Mouden, Kevin Foster, Andy Gardner, Alan Grafen, Paul H. Harvey, Natalie Jiricny, Alex Kacelnik, Lorenzo Santorelli & Stuart A. West

  6. Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

    Malte Andersson

  7. CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR 7625, Ecologie and Evolution, Paris, 75005, France

    Jean-Baptiste Andre, Minus van Baalen & Thibaud Monnin

  8. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK

    Francois Balloux

  9. Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada

    Sigal Balshine

  10. IST Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria

    Nick Barton

  11. Evolutionary Genetics, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands

    Leo W. Beukeboom

  12. Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

    Trine Bilde

  13. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742-4415, Maryland, USA

    Gerald Borgia

  14. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309-0334, Colorado, USA

    Michael Breed

  15. Faculté des sciences, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Case postale 158, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland

    Redouan Bshary & Laurent Lehmann

  16. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, 92697-2525, California, USA

    Nancy T. Burley

  17. Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, Tremough, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK

    Michael A. Cant, Sasha R. X. Dall, Allen J. Moore & Andrew J. Young

  18. Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

    Michel Chapuisat

  19. Department of Biology, 167 Castetter Hall, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131-000, New Mexico, USA

    Eric L. Charnov

  20. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK

    Tim Clutton-Brock, William A. Foster & Rufus A. Johnstone

  21. Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia

    Andrew Cockburn & Hanna Kokko

  22. Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, 77204-5001, Texas, USA

    Blaine J. Cole & Diane C. Wiernasz

  23. Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK

    Nick Colegrave & Sarah E. Reece

  24. Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106-9660, California, USA

    Leda Cosmides

  25. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, New Jersey, USA

    Iain D. Couzin

  26. Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57 Street, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA

    Jerry A. Coyne

  27. Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, 59717, Montana, USA

    Scott Creel

  28. Department of Biosciences, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada

    Bernard Crespi

  29. Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, 19085, Pennsylvania, USA

    Robert L. Curry

  30. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada

    Troy Day & Peter Taylor

  31. The Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University — The Johnson Center, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, 14850, New York, USA

    Janis L. Dickinson

  32. Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40292, Kentucky, USA

    Lee Alan Dugatkin

  33. Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Seeley G. Mudd Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, New York, USA

    Stephen T. Emlen, Hudson K. Reeve, Janet Shellmann-Sherman & Paul W. Sherman

  34. USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-E Bldg 476, Beltsville, 20705, Maryland, USA

    Jay Evans

  35. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratoire Ecologie and Evolution, CNRS UMR 7625, Ecole Normale Superieure, 46 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, University of Arizona,

    Regis Ferriere

  36. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, Arizona, USA

    Regis Ferriere

  37. School of Life Sciences, John Maynard Smith Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK

    Jeremy Field

  38. Department Biologie II Behavioral Ecology (Verhaltensökologie), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Großhaderner Str. 2 D - 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany

    Susanne Foitzik

  39. Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546-0091, Kentucky, USA

    Charles W. Fox

  40. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-4501, USA

    Juergen Gadau

  41. CEFE - UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Sylvain Gandon

  42. School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia

    Michael G. Gardner & Michael P. Schwarz

  43. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, 49060, Michigan, USA

    Thomas Getty

  44. School of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, 30332-0230, Georgia, USA

    Michael A. D. Goodisman

  45. Department of Evolution and Ecology, College of Biological Sciences, 1 Shields Avenue, UC Davis, Davis, 95616, California, USA

    Rick Grosberg

  46. Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Chemical Ecology Lab 4A, University Park, 16802, Pennsylvania, USA

    Christina M. Grozinger

  47. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP39, 12 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France

    Pierre-Henri Gouyon

  48. Biology Department, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada

    Darryl Gwynne

  49. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK

    Ben J. Hatchwell

  50. Biologie I, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany

    Jürgen Heinze

  51. Department of Biosciences, PL 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

    Heikki Helantera & Liselotte Sundström

  52. Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, Vermont, USA

    Ken R. Helms

  53. School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287-2402, Arizona, USA

    Kim Hill

  54. Department of Animal Ecology, Institute of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    E. Toby Kiers

  55. Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Evolutionary and Ecological Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands

    Jan Komdeur

  56. University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastr.11, D-49076 Osnabrueck, Germany

    Judith Korb

  57. Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts, USA

    Daniel Kronauer

  58. Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Research and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland

    Rolf Kümmerli

  59. Department of Biology, Centre for Social Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

    Timothy A. Linksvayer & Jes S. Pedersen

  60. School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK

    Sébastien Lion

  61. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 95064, California, USA

    Bruce Lyon

  62. Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK

    James A. R. Marshall

  63. Department of Anthropology and Center for Population Biology, UC Davis, Davis, 95616, California, USA

    Richard McElreath

  64. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, Arizona, USA

    Richard E. Michod

  65. Department of Zoology, 730 Van Vleet Oval, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73019, Oklahoma, USA

    Douglas Mock

  66. Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada

    Robert Montgomerie

  67. Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0930, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA

    Ulrich G. Mueller

  68. Psychologie — Université de Strasbourg, Ethologie des Primates — DEPE (IPHC CNRS UMR 7178), 23 rue Becquerel — Strasbourg 67087, Cedex, France

    Ronald Noë

  69. Department of Philosophy, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TB, UK

    Samir Okasha

  70. Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Box 65, 00140 University of Helsinki, Finland

    Pekka Pamilo

  71. Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK

    Geoff A. Parker

  72. Theoretical Biology group, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands

    Ido Pen

  73. Department of Biology, CB#3280, Coker Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599-3280, NC, USA

    David Pfennig

  74. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, 77005-1892, Texas, USA

    David C. Queller & Jeff Smith

  75. Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Building Y27, Office J-46, Winterthurstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland,

    Daniel J. Rankin

  76. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge Bâtiment Génopode, CH- 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

    Daniel J. Rankin

  77. Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK

    Max Reuter

  78. Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

    Gilbert Roberts

  79. School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Queensland 4811, Australia

    Simon K. A. Robson

  80. Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS-UPMC UMR 7144, 29680 Roscoff, France

    Denis Roze

  81. Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, University of Montpellier 2, Montpellier 34095, France

    Francois Rousset

  82. Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 312 Eberhart Building, Greensboro, 27403, North Carolina, USA

    Olav Rueppell

  83. Department of Biology, 3314 Spieth Hall, University of California — Riverside, Riverside, 92521, California, USA

    Joel L. Sachs

  84. ETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Universitätsstrasse 16, CH.8092 Zürich, Switzerland

    Paul Schmid-Hempel

  85. School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 3 Charles Street, Edinburgh EH8 9AD, UK

    Tom Scott-Phillips

  86. School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK

    David M. Shuker

  87. William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Road, Wayne, 07470, New Jersey, USA

    Joseph C. Spagna

  88. Department of Anthropology, 101 West Hall, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, Michigan, USA

    Beverly Strassmann

  89. Department of Entomology and Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, Illinois, USA

    Andrew V. Suarez

  90. Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland

    Michael Taborsky

  91. Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada

    Graham Thompson

  92. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106-3210, California, USA

    John Tooby

  93. Deptartment of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, 130 Mulford Hall, 3114, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720-3114, California, USA

    Neil D. Tsutsui

  94. Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan

    Kazuki Tsuji

  95. Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy

    Stefano Turillazzi

  96. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, 37902, Tennessee, USA

    Francisco Úbeda

  97. Department of Entomology, Box 7613, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695-7613, North Carolina, USA

    Edward L. Vargo

  98. Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt University zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Germany

    Bernard Voelkl

  99. Departmet of Biology, Zoological Institute, K.U. Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

    Tom Wenseleers

  100. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panamá

    Mary Jane West-Eberhard

  101. Department of Biology, 101 Morgan Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506-0225, Kentucky, USA

    David F. Westneat

  102. Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada

    Geoff Wild

  103. Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard Wrangham

  104. Department of Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 89557, Nevada, USA

    David W. Zeh & Jeanne A. Zeh

  105. Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, 94132, California, USA

    Andrew Zink

Authors
  1. Patrick Abbot

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jun Abe

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. John Alcock

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Samuel Alizon

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  5. Joao A. C. Alpedrinha

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  6. Malte Andersson

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jean-Baptiste Andre

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  8. Minus van Baalen

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  9. Francois Balloux

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  10. Sigal Balshine

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  11. Nick Barton

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  12. Leo W. Beukeboom

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  13. Jay M. Biernaskie

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  14. Trine Bilde

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  15. Gerald Borgia

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  16. Michael Breed

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  17. Sam Brown

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  18. Redouan Bshary

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  19. Angus Buckling

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  20. Nancy T. Burley

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  21. Max N. Burton-Chellew

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  22. Michael A. Cant

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  23. Michel Chapuisat

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  24. Eric L. Charnov

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  25. Tim Clutton-Brock

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  26. Andrew Cockburn

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  27. Blaine J. Cole

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  28. Nick Colegrave

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  29. Leda Cosmides

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  30. Iain D. Couzin

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  31. Jerry A. Coyne

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  32. Scott Creel

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  33. Bernard Crespi

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  34. Robert L. Curry

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  35. Sasha R. X. Dall

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  36. Troy Day

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  37. Janis L. Dickinson

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  38. Lee Alan Dugatkin

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  39. Claire El Mouden

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  40. Stephen T. Emlen

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  41. Jay Evans

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  42. Regis Ferriere

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  43. Jeremy Field

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  44. Susanne Foitzik

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  45. Kevin Foster

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  46. William A. Foster

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  47. Charles W. Fox

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  48. Juergen Gadau

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  49. Sylvain Gandon

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  50. Andy Gardner

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  51. Michael G. Gardner

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  52. Thomas Getty

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  53. Michael A. D. Goodisman

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  54. Alan Grafen

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  55. Rick Grosberg

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  56. Christina M. Grozinger

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  57. Pierre-Henri Gouyon

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  58. Darryl Gwynne

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  59. Paul H. Harvey

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  60. Ben J. Hatchwell

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  61. Jürgen Heinze

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  62. Heikki Helantera

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  63. Ken R. Helms

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  64. Kim Hill

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  65. Natalie Jiricny

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  66. Rufus A. Johnstone

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  67. Alex Kacelnik

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  68. E. Toby Kiers

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  69. Hanna Kokko

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  70. Jan Komdeur

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  71. Judith Korb

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  72. Daniel Kronauer

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  73. Rolf Kümmerli

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  74. Laurent Lehmann

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  75. Timothy A. Linksvayer

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  76. Sébastien Lion

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  77. Bruce Lyon

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  78. James A. R. Marshall

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  79. Richard McElreath

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  80. Yannis Michalakis

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  81. Richard E. Michod

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  82. Douglas Mock

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  83. Thibaud Monnin

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  84. Robert Montgomerie

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  85. Allen J. Moore

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  86. Ulrich G. Mueller

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  87. Ronald Noë

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  88. Samir Okasha

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  89. Pekka Pamilo

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  90. Geoff A. Parker

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  91. Jes S. Pedersen

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  92. Ido Pen

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  93. David Pfennig

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  94. David C. Queller

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  95. Daniel J. Rankin

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  96. Sarah E. Reece

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  97. Hudson K. Reeve

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  98. Max Reuter

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  99. Gilbert Roberts

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  100. Simon K. A. Robson

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  101. Denis Roze

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  102. Francois Rousset

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  103. Olav Rueppell

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  104. Joel L. Sachs

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  105. Lorenzo Santorelli

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  106. Paul Schmid-Hempel

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  107. Michael P. Schwarz

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  108. Tom Scott-Phillips

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  109. Janet Shellmann-Sherman

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  110. Paul W. Sherman

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  111. David M. Shuker

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  112. Jeff Smith

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  113. Joseph C. Spagna

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  114. Beverly Strassmann

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  115. Andrew V. Suarez

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  116. Liselotte Sundström

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  117. Michael Taborsky

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  118. Peter Taylor

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  119. Graham Thompson

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  120. John Tooby

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  121. Neil D. Tsutsui

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  122. Kazuki Tsuji

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  123. Stefano Turillazzi

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  124. Francisco Úbeda

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  125. Edward L. Vargo

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  126. Bernard Voelkl

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  127. Tom Wenseleers

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  128. Stuart A. West

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  129. Mary Jane West-Eberhard

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  130. David F. Westneat

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  131. Diane C. Wiernasz

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  132. Geoff Wild

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  133. Richard Wrangham

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  134. Andrew J. Young

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  135. David W. Zeh

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  136. Jeanne A. Zeh

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  137. Andrew Zink

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the planning, writing and/or revising of this paper. Several others who contributed significantly are not listed because they are named on separate comments.

Corresponding author

Correspondence toStuart A. West.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

Competing financial interests: declared none.

Rights and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Abbot, P., Abe, J., Alcock, J.et al. Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality.Nature471, E1–E4 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09831

Download citation

Access through your institution
Buy or subscribe

Associated content

The evolution of eusociality

  • Martin A. Nowak
  • Corina E. Tarnita
  • Edward O. Wilson
NatureAnalysis

Advertisement

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for theNature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox.Sign up for Nature Briefing

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp