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Lipid–protein interactions in double-layered two-dimensional AQP0 crystals

Naturevolume 438, pages633–638 (2005)Cite this article

ACorrigendum to this article was published on 11 May 2006

Abstract

Lens-specific aquaporin-0 (AQP0) functions as a specific water pore and forms the thin junctions between fibre cells. Here we describe a 1.9 Å resolution structure of junctional AQP0, determined by electron crystallography of double-layered two-dimensional crystals. Comparison of junctional and non-junctional AQP0 structures shows that junction formation depends on a conformational switch in an extracellular loop, which may result from cleavage of the cytoplasmic amino and carboxy termini. In the centre of the water pathway, the closed pore in junctional AQP0 retains only three water molecules, which are too widely spaced to form hydrogen bonds with each other. Packing interactions between AQP0 tetramers in the crystalline array are mediated by lipid molecules, which assume preferred conformations. We were therefore able to build an atomic model for the lipid bilayer surrounding the AQP0 tetramers, and we describe lipid–protein interactions.

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Figure 1:Electron crystallography of AQP0 junctions.
Figure 2:Structural differences between junctional and non-junctional AQP0.
Figure 3:The water pore in AQP0.
Figure 4:Lipid–protein interactions in double-layered AQP0 2D crystals.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by NIH funding (to T.W.) and a Grant-in Aid for Specially Promoted Research (to Y.F.).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology,

    Tamir Gonen, Yifan Cheng & Thomas Walz

  2. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Massachusetts, 02115, Boston, USA

    Piotr Sliz & Stephen C. Harrison

  3. Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Hospital Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 320 Longwood Avenue, Massachusetts, 02115, Boston, USA

    Piotr Sliz & Stephen C. Harrison

  4. Department of Biophysics, Kyoto University, Oiwake, 606-8502, Kitashirakawa Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

    Yoko Hiroaki & Yoshinori Fujiyoshi

Authors
  1. Tamir Gonen
  2. Yifan Cheng
  3. Piotr Sliz
  4. Yoko Hiroaki
  5. Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
  6. Stephen C. Harrison
  7. Thomas Walz

Corresponding author

Correspondence toThomas Walz.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

Coordinates and structure factors for junctional and non-junctional AQP0 have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (accession codes 2B6O and 2B6P, respectively). Reprints and permissions information is available atnpg.nature.com/reprintsandpermissions. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Notes

Lipid-protein and lipid-lipid interactions in the AQP0 junction, together with legends for supplementary figures. (DOC 26 kb)

Supplementary Figure 1

Electron diffraction pattern of a double-layered AQP0 2D crystal tilted to 60°. (PDF 465 kb)

Supplementary Figure 2

Protein packing in 3D and 2D crystals of AQP0. (PDF 226 kb)

Supplementary Figure 3

Residues in loop A of AQP0 involved in junction formation. (PDF 392 kb)

Supplementary Figure 4

The constricted water pore in junctional AQP0. (PDF 653 kb)

Supplementary Figure 5

The water pore in AQP0. (PDF 95 kb)

Supplementary Figure 6

Stereo view of the nine lipids surrounding an AQP0 monomer in the 2D crystals. (PDF 207 kb)

Supplementary Figure 7

Lipids surrounding the AQP0 tetramer mediate the crystal contacts. (PDF 521 kb)

Supplementary Table 1

Crystallographic statistics of non-junctional AQP0 (X-ray). (DOC 20 kb)

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Gonen, T., Cheng, Y., Sliz, P.et al. Lipid–protein interactions in double-layered two-dimensional AQP0 crystals.Nature438, 633–638 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04321

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Editorial Summary

Membrane organization

Aquaporin-0 (AQP0) is the most abundant protein in the membranes of fibre cells in the lens of the mammalian eye, acting both as a water-conducting channel and as an adhesion molecule at cell junctions. The structure of AQP0 unbound (shown on the cover), and together with the lipids that surround it in the membrane, has now been determined at high resolution by electron microscopy — high enough to resolve single water molecules. The structure gives us the first close look at how a membrane protein is embedded in a lipid bilayer. When junctions form between lens fibre cells, the associated lipids, already partly immobilized by interaction with AQP0, mediate the lattice contacts. AQP0 mutations are known to cause cataracts; these mutations may be interfering with AQP0's interaction with the lipids, preventing the integration of AQP0 into a bilayer

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