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Chemical investigation of hassium (element 108)

Naturevolume 418, pages859–862 (2002)Cite this article

Abstract

The periodic table provides a classification of the chemical properties of the elements. But for the heaviest elements, the transactinides, this role of the periodic table reaches its limits because increasingly strong relativistic effects on the valence electron shells can induce deviations from known trends in chemical properties1,2,3,4. In the case of the first two transactinides, elements 104 and 105, relativistic effects do indeed influence their chemical properties5, whereas elements 106 and 107 both behave as expected from their position within the periodic table6,7. Here we report the chemical separation and characterization of only seven detected atoms of element 108 (hassium, Hs), which were generated as isotopes269Hs (refs8,9) and270Hs (ref.10) in the fusion reaction between26Mg and248Cm. The hassium atoms are immediately oxidized to a highly volatile oxide, presumably HsO4, for which we determine an enthalpy of adsorption on our detector surface that is comparable to the adsorption enthalpy determined under identical conditions for the osmium oxide OsO4. These results provide evidence that the chemical properties of hassium and its lighter homologue osmium are similar, thus confirming that hassium exhibits properties as expected from its position in group 8 of the periodic table.

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Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the IVO-COLD set-up used to produce and isolate Hs isotopes in form of the volatile HsO4.
Figure 2: The seven nuclear decay chains originating from Hs isotopes that were detected in the course of the experiment permit an unambiguous identification of hassium after chemical separation.
Figure 3: Merged thermochromatogram of HsO4 and OsO4.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the staff of the Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology at PSI for manufacturing the PIN-diode sandwiches for the COLD array and the staff of the GSI UNILAC for providing stable, highly intense beams of26Mg as well as the target laboratory for Be foils for the vacuum windows. Support from the European Commission Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, for long-term storage of252Cf and the chemical separation of248Cm is appreciated. These studies were supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Chemical Sciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland

    Ch. E. Düllmann, H. W. Gäggeler & S. Soverna

  2. Labor für Radio- und Umweltchemie, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland

    Ch. E. Düllmann, R. Dressler, B. Eichler, R. Eichler, H. W. Gäggeler, F. Glaus, D. T. Jost, D. Piguet & S. Soverna

  3. Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, D-64291, Germany

    W. Brüchle, E. Jäger, V. Pershina, M. Schädel, B. Schausten, E. Schimpf, H.-J. Schött & G. Wirth

  4. Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, Mainz, D-55128, Germany

    K. Eberhardt, P. Thörle & N. Trautmann

  5. Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA

    T. N. Ginter, K. E. Gregorich, D. C. Hoffman, U. W. Kirbach, D. M. Lee, H. Nitsche, J. B. Patin, R. Sudowe & P. M. Zielinski

  6. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460, USA

    D. C. Hoffman, H. Nitsche & J. B. Patin

  7. Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, P.R. China

    Z. Qin

  8. Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna, Russia

    S. N. Timokhin & A. B. Yakushev

  9. Institut für Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, D-85748, Garching, Germany

    A. Türler

  10. Research Center Rossendorf e.V., Dresden, D-01314, Germany

    A. Vahle

Authors
  1. Ch. E. Düllmann
  2. W. Brüchle
  3. R. Dressler
  4. K. Eberhardt
  5. B. Eichler
  6. R. Eichler
  7. H. W. Gäggeler
  8. T. N. Ginter
  9. F. Glaus
  10. K. E. Gregorich
  11. D. C. Hoffman
  12. E. Jäger
  13. D. T. Jost
  14. U. W. Kirbach
  15. D. M. Lee
  16. H. Nitsche
  17. J. B. Patin
  18. V. Pershina
  19. D. Piguet
  20. Z. Qin
  21. M. Schädel
  22. B. Schausten
  23. E. Schimpf
  24. H.-J. Schött
  25. S. Soverna
  26. R. Sudowe
  27. P. Thörle
  28. S. N. Timokhin
  29. N. Trautmann
  30. A. Türler
  31. A. Vahle
  32. G. Wirth
  33. A. B. Yakushev
  34. P. M. Zielinski

Corresponding author

Correspondence toH. W. Gäggeler.

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Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

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Düllmann, C., Brüchle, W., Dressler, R.et al. Chemical investigation of hassium (element 108).Nature418, 859–862 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00980

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