110Accesses
12Citations
3 Altmetric
Abstract
It is generally accepted that Main-Belt asteroids (MBAs) and nuclei of no longer active comets are the sources that replenish the Amor, Apollo, and Aten groups of asteroids, i.e., Earth-approaching asteroids (EAAs). Investigations of the dynamics of EAAs and numerical modeling of their orbital motion have shown that the so-called resonance mechanism of the replenishment of the EAA population with objects from the Main Belt is quite sufficient for its maintenance. In this paper, we compare the physical properties of EAAs and MBAs (and, partly, cometary nuclei) in an effort to gain an understanding of whether the physical properties of EAAs can tell us anything about their origins. The principal result of the performed analysis is the conclusion that the small dimensions of EAAs; their MBA-identical set of taxonomic classes; the identical mineralogy and preponderance of differentiated compositions among EAAs; and their, on average, MBA-identical shape, rotation, optical properties, and surface structure are all convincing proof that the Main Belt is the dominant source of the replenishment of the EAA population and that the share of cometary-origin EAAs does not exceed 10%. The most likely candidates for cometary-origin objects among EAAs are 2100 Ra-Shalom, 2101 Adonis, 2201 Oljato, 2212 Hephaistos, 3200 Phaethon, 3552 Don Quixote, and 4015 Wilson–Harrington.
This is a preview of subscription content,log in via an institution to check access.
Access this article
Subscribe and save
- Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
- Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
- Cancel anytime
Buy Now
Price includes VAT (Japan)
Instant access to the full article PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, books and news in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.REFERENCES
Bell, J.F., Davis, D.R., Hartmann, W.K., and Gaffey, M.J., Asteroids: The Big Picture, inAsteroids II, Binzel, R.P., Gehrels, T., and Matthews, M.S., Eds., Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1989, pp. 921-945.
Binzel, R.P., Farinella, P., Zappala, V., and Cellino, A., Asteroid Rotation Rates: Distribution and Statistics, inAsteroids II, Binzel, R.P., Gehrels, T., and Matthews, M.S., Eds., Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1989, pp. 416-441.
Binzel, R.P., Xu Shui, Bus, S.J., and Bowell, E., Origin for the Near-Earth Asteroids,Science, 1992, vol. 257, pp. 779-782.
Cruikshank, D.P., Hartmann, W.K., Tholen, D., and Bell, J., An Olivine-Rich Earth-Crossing Asteroid: Source of Pallasites?,Abstr. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XVI, 1985, p. 160.
Cruikshank, D.P., Tholen, D., Hartmann, W.K.,et al., Three Basaltic Earth-Approaching Asteroids and the Source of the Basaltic Meteorites,Icarus, 1991, vol. 89, pp. 1-13.
Degewij, J. and Tedesco, E.F., Do Comets Evolve into Asteroids? Evidence from Physical Studies, inComets, Wilkening, L.L., Ed., Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1982, pp. 665-695.
Farinella, P., Gonczi, R., Froeschle, Ch., and Froeschle, C., The Injection of Asteroid Fragments into Resonances,Icarus, 1993, vol. 101, pp. 174-187.
Farinella, P., Froeschle, C., and Gonczi, R., Meteorite Delivery and Transport, inAsteroids, Comets, Meteors 1993, Milani, A., Di Martino, M., and Cellino, A., Eds.,Proc. 160 Symp. IAU,Belgirate (Italy), 1993, June 14–18, 1994, pp.205-222.
Froeschle, Ch. and Morbidelli, A., The Secular Resonances in the Solar System, inAsteroids, Comets, Meteors 1993, Milani, A., Di Martino, M., and Cellino, A., Eds.,Proc. 160 Symp. IAU,Belgirate (Italy), 1993, June 14–18, 1994, pp. 189-204.
Froeschle, Ch., Michel, P., and Froeschle, C., Dynamical Transport Mechanisms of Planet-Crossing Bodies, inEvolution and Source Regions of Asteroids and Comets, Svoren, J., Pittich, E.M., and Richman, H., Eds.,Proc. 173 Coll. IAU,Tatranska Lomnica (Slovak Republic), 1998, Aug. 24–28, 1999, pp. 87-96.
Gaffey, M.J., Reed, K.I., and Kelley, M.S., The Relationship of E-TypeApollo Asteroid 3103 (1982 BB) to the Enstatite Achondrite Meteorites and Hungaria Asteroids,Icarus, 1992, vol. 100, pp. 95-109.
Gladman, B.J., Migliorini, F., Morbidelli, A.,et al., Dynamical Lifetime of Objects Injected into Asteroid Belt Resonances,Science, 1997, vol. 277, pp. 197-201.
Hartmann, W.K. and Tholen, D.J., Comet Nuclei and Trojan Asteroids: A New Link and the Possible Mechanism for Comet Splitting,Icarus, 1990, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 448-454.
Hartmann, W.K., Tholen, D.J., and Cruikshank, D.P., The Relationship of Active Comets, “Extinct” Comets, and Dark Asteroids,Icarus, 1987, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 33-50.
Helfenstein, P. and Veverka, J., Physical Characterization of Asteroid Surfaces from Photometric Analysis, inAsteroids II, Binzel, R.P., Gehrels, T., and Matthews, M.S., Eds., Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1989, pp. 557-593.
Holman, M. and Wisdom, J., Meteorite Delivery from the 3: 1 Kirkwood Gap,Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 1994, vol. 26, p. 1168.
Levin, B.Yu. and Simonenko, A.N., On the Implausibility of a Cometary Origin for Most Apollo—Amor Asteroids,Icarus, 1981, vol. 47, pp. 487-491.
Lupishko, D.F. and Bel'skaya, I.N., Asteroid Surface Materials,Astron. Vestn., 1991, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 5-26.
Lupishko, D.F. and Di Martino, M., Physical Properties of Near-Earth Asteroids,Planet. Space Sci., 1998, vol. 46, pp. 47-74.
Luu, J. and Jewitt, D., On the Relative Number of C Types and S Types among Near-Earth Asteroids,Astron. J., 1989, vol. 98, pp. 1905-1911.
Luu, J., Comets Disguised as Asteroids,Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacif., 1994, vol. 106, no. 699, pp. 425-435.
Magri, C., Ostro, S.J., Rosema, K.D.,et al., Mainbelt Asteroids: Results of Arecibo and Goldstone Radar Observations of 37 Objects during 1980-1995,Icarus, 1999, vol. 140, pp. 379-407.
McFadden, L.A., Gaffey, M.J., and McCord, T.B., Near-Earth Asteroids: Possible Sources from Reflectance Spectroscopy,Science, 1985, vol. 229, pp. 160-163.
Menichella, M., Paolicchi, P., and Farinella, P., The Main Belt as a Source of Near-Earth Asteroids,Earth, Moon, Planets, 1996, vol. 72, pp. 133-149.
Öpik, E.J., The Stray Bodies in the Solar System: Part I. Survival of Cometary Nuclei and Asteroids,Adv. Astron. Astrophys., 1963, vol. 2, pp. 219-262.
Ostro, S.J., Campbell, D.B., Chandler, J.F.,et al., Asteroid 1986 DA: Radar Evidence for a Metallic Composition,Science, 1991, vol. 252, pp. 1399-1404.
Rabinowitz, D.L., Observations Constraining the Origins of Earth-Approaching Asteroids, inCompleting the Inventory of the Solar System, Rettig, T. and Hahn, J., Eds.,Astron. Soc. Pacif. Conf., 1996, ser. 107, pp. 13-28.
Scholl, H. and Froeschle, Ch., The ν6 Secular Resonance Region near 2 AU: A Possible Source of Meteorites,Astron. Astrophys., 1991, vol. 245, pp. 316-321.
Tedesco, E.F. and Gradie, J., Discovery of M Class Objects among the Near-Earth Asteroid Population,Astron. J., 1987, vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 738-745.
Weissman, P.R., A'Hearn, M.F., McFadden, L.A., and Rickman, H., Evolution of Comets into Asteroids, inAsteroids II, Binzel, R.P., Gehrels, T., and Matthews, M.S., Eds., Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1989, pp. 880-920.
Weissman, P.R. and Levinson, H.F., Origin and Evolution of the Unusual Object 1996 PW: Asteroids from the Oort Cloud?,Astrophys. J., 1997, vol. 488, no. 2, p. L133-L136.
Wetherill, G.W., Where Do Apollo Objects Come from?,Icarus, 1988, vol. 76, pp. 1-18.
Whipple, F.L., The Rotation of Comet Nuclei, inComets, Wilkening, L.L., Ed., Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1982, pp. 227-250.
Wisdom, J., Chaotic Behavior and the Origin of the 3/1 Kirkwood Gap,Icarus, 1983, vol. 56, pp. 51-74.
Wisdom, J., Meteorites May Follow a Chaotic Route to Earth,Nature, 1985, vol. 315, pp. 731-733.
Zappala, V., Cellino, A., Barucci, A.M.,et al., An Analysis of the Amplitude-Phase Relationship among Asteroids,Astron. Astrophys., 1990, vol. 231, pp. 548-560.
Zellner, B., Asteroid Taxonomy and the Distribution of the Compositional Types, inAsteroids, Gehrels, T., Ed., Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1979, pp. 783-806.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Astronomical Observatory, Karazin Kharkov National University, Ukraine
D. F. Lupishko & T. A. Lupishko
- D. F. Lupishko
Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar
- T. A. Lupishko
Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lupishko, D.F., Lupishko, T.A. On the Origins of Earth-Approaching Asteroids.Solar System Research35, 227–233 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010431023010
Issue date:
Share this article
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative


