For the purpose of this survey, a population transfer is defined as the organized removal of an ethnic group from its country of residence and its subsequent resettlement in territory under the sovereignty of its ethnic homeland in which the whole is a stateconducted operation based sometimes on international agreement between two states concerned and at other times arising from unilateral action by the state of departure, with or without international sanction.

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⁵Byrnes,James F.,Speaking Frankly (New York and London,1947), p.80.Google Scholar

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¹⁰ According to the material put at the disposal of this writer by Czechoslovak governmental bodies during his visit to Czechoslovakia in January, 1947.

¹¹Office of Military Government for Germany (U. S.)Statistical Annex, Report of the Military Governor 1–31051947, N 23, p.2.Google Scholar

¹²Betts,R. R., ed.Central and South Europe (London,1950), p.177.Google Scholar

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¹⁶ Bayerisches Staatsministerium des Innern. Staatssekretär für das Flüchtlingswesen.4 Jahre Vertriebenenbetreuung in Bayern (Munich1950), p.33Google Scholar

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¹⁹George,Pierre, “The New Settlement Policy in Czechoslovakia”,Slavonic and East European Review (111947), p.66Google Scholar. Also:Dokoncime Velke Osidlovaci Dilo (Prague1946), p.17.Google Scholar

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²¹Occupation of Germany, etc., pp.74–75.Google Scholar

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²³Department of State, Communiqué N 16,12 7,1945.Google Scholar

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³¹La Hongrie et la Conference de Paris. Les Rapports Internationaux de la Hongrie avant la Conference de Paris. Publié par le Ministère des Affaires Etrangères de Hongrie. (Budapest 1947), pp. 37–39.

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³⁴Schechtman,Joseph B., “Elimination of German Minorities in Southeastern Europe,”Journal of Central European Affairs (071946), pp.154–160.Google Scholar

³⁶Schechtman,,op. cit., pp.150–162.Google Scholar

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⁴²The Integration of Refugees into German Life. A Report of the ECA Technical Assistance Commission of the Integration of the Refugees in the German Republic. Submitted to the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany. March 21, 1951, p. 7 (herein referred to as the “Sonne Report”).

⁴³ Counterpart funds are local currency paid by Germany for dollarfinanced European Recovery Program imports. In 1949–1951, counterpart releases totalling $760 million were authorized by the Economic Cooperation Administration for an investment program prepared by the Bonn government. SeeNew York Times,05 29,1949,06 25,1950,12 25,1951Google Scholar;Office of the U. S. High Commissioner for Germany,1st Quarterly Report on Germany,09 21-12 31,1949, p.24.Google Scholar

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⁴⁵Sonne Report, p.19Google Scholar. Limited possibilities for easing the expellees situation are offered by the 1950 U. S. Displaced Persons Act. As amended by both Houses of Congress, it provides for the admission of 54, 744Volksdeutsche expellees (as compared with 23, 377 authorized by the Displaced Persons Act of 1948) in Germany and Austria.

⁴⁶Sonne Report, p.6Google Scholar. See also:Jaenicke,Wolfgang (Commissioner for Refuge Affairs in Bavaria),Arbeit Schafft Heimat (Munich1950).Google Scholar

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⁴⁸Ibid., pp. 10, 63–64, 66. Economic integration is also removing cultural and psychological barriers between the newcomers and the indigenous German population: a gradual process of assimilation is undoubtedly taking place.DrLemberg,Eugen andKreckel,Lothar devote a challenging study to the “Rise of a New Station from Indigenous Germans and Eastern Expellees” (Die Entstehung eines neuen Volkes aus Binnendeutschen und Ostvertriebenen [Marburg,1950])Google Scholar. See also:International Union for the Scientific Study of Population,Cultural Assimilation of Immigrants (London-New York,1950).Google Scholar

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