In theClassical Quarterly, xlix (July–October 1955), Mrs. A. D. Ure mentions a Corinthian pyxis which had been previously published by her in theJournal of Hellenic Studies, lxix. 19 f. (Figs. 2a and 3). This vase, at first believed to be of Boeotian origin, appears to come from Corinth, as subsequently shown by Mrs. Ure inJ.H.S. lxxii. 121. Its subject is quite well known, consisting of an unbearded figure dressed in a fawn-skin with two horns growing from its head, and sitting on what very probably is a heap of corn. In his right hand he is holding a staff thickened at the head, and in his left a stick terminating in forklike prongs. The figure is flanked on the right by a small animal (pig) and on the left by a basket of fruit.

¹ Mrs. Ure describes the object in the right hand as an oar-likeptuon, and that in the left hand as a thrinax. Unfortunately the fork-like object orthrinax is hardly discernible from the reproduction inJ.H.S. lxix.

²Hibeh Papyri,ii, no. 177, fr. i,1.14Google Scholar

³ Except once perhaps on an inscription, when the image of athrinax was used as a signet,Tabulae Heraclemsesi.5 (Inscr. Graec. xiv. 645).Google Scholar

¹ SeeHarrison,J.,Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion³ (New York,1955), p.530Google Scholar, for theptuon which ‘remained a simple agricultural tool’. See generallyibid., pp. 526–30, where Miss Harrison gives a succinct account of the uses of theptuon andliknon, together with the relevant literary sources.

² SeePickard-Cambridge,A. W.,Dithyramb Tragedy and Comedy (Oxford,1927), pp.8 ff., 40–45 (Bacchylides).Google Scholar

³ SeeGoodwin,,Greek Grammar (Macmillan,1948)Google Scholar, par. 841: ‘a person concerned with anything may be denoted by the following suffixes:masc.; sometimesfern.masc. (nom.)fem.’ See also Ed.Schwyzer,,Griechische Grammatik (München,1939),ii.1. 1, pp.499 f.Google Scholar

⁴Pauly-Wissowa,,Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft,xiii.1, cols. 536 ff., ‘Liknites’ (Kruse).Google Scholar

⁵Plutarch,,De Is. Os., p.365 a: Cf. p. 378 f.Google Scholar

⁶Nilsson,M. P.,The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and its Survival in Greek Religion² (Lund,1950) P.569, where see a full discussion of the subject and literature.Google Scholar

⁷ Himerios, iii. 6;Nilsson,,Geschichte der griechischen Religion² (München,1955),i.579 and n. 1. Compare the which the Phrygians celebrate with Bacchic rites in summer (Plut.De Is. Os., p. 378 f.).Google Scholar

⁸Nilsson,,Gesch. d. griech. Rel.i.579 f., n. 8.Google Scholar

⁹Nilsson,,Gesch. d. griech. Rel.i.579Google Scholar; id.Min.-Myc. Rel. pp. 568 f.;Proclus,,In Plat. Timaeumi.407Google Scholar Diehl = Kern,Orph. Fragm., no. 199.Nilsson,,The Dionysiac Mysteries of the Hellenistic and Roman Age,Lund,1957, p.43, n. 23, lays emphasis on the fact that Proclus mentions only one snake. He suggests that this snake may be identical with the which to Neoplatonists is often the symbol of the world which renews itself.Google Scholar

¹ See schol.Callimachus,,Hymni.48; and schol. Aratus 268:Google Scholar

² Harpocration, Baby Hermes in theliknon surveying the cattle he has stolen from Apollo, on an Attic red-figure cup of the first quarter of the fifth century,Class. Quart,xlix.228Google Scholar n. 8. Compare also the birth of Plutus from the cornucopia represented on a 5th/4th century hydria from Rhodes in the Museum at Constantinople. This was first published and briefly discussed byReinach,S.,Revue Arch. (1900),xxxvi.87Google Scholar. See alsoSvoronos,J.,Journ. d'Arch. et Numism. (1901), p.387Google Scholar, andFarnell,L. R.,Cults of the Greek States (Oxford,1907),iii.256Google Scholar f., and fig. xxib The last discussion is inNilsson,M. P.,Gesch. d. griech. Rel.i.317 f., with a few differences in interpretation which are unimportant to the present discussion.Google Scholar

³The Dionysiac Mysteries of the Hellenistic and Roman Age (Lund,1957), pp.3845, ‘Dionysos Liknites’, and see especially p. 40.Google Scholar

⁴Ibid., pp. 39 f.

⁵Ibid., pp. 41 ff. On p. 41 of this work Nilsson rejects his previous view,Min. Mycen. Rel., p. 566, that Dionysus Liknites was a figure of vegetation cult. This seems somewhat unnecessary, since he had at that time already,Min.-Mycen. Rel., p. 567, distinguished between the trieteric orgia and the concept of the divine child that is born and dies annually. To illustrate the annual birth and death of Dionysus, Nilsson quotes,Min.-Mycen. Rel., p. 567 n. 18, a fragment from a hymn to the epiphany of this god, which has been published inMitteilungen aus der Papyrussammlung der Nationalbibliothek in Wien, N.S. i,‘Griechische literarische Papyri’,i (1932), XXII. ii.138:Google Scholar

⁶ See especially the end of the 46th Hymn to Liknites, where it is said that through Zeus' will Dionysus was brought to Persephone. See also the 30th Hymn, where Dionysus is called Eubuleus, and the 42nd Hymn to Mise in which Dionysus is the Compare the 52nd Hymn to Trieteticus.

⁷ SeeNilsson,,Dion. Myst., p.38. Compare his note in theOxford Classical Dictionary, s.v. ‘Orphic Literature’.Google Scholar

⁸Nilsson,,Dion. Myst., p.44.Google Scholar

¹Ibid., pp. 43 f.; cf. id.Min.-Mycen. Rel., pp. 581 f. 2 SeeNilsson,,Dion. Myst., pp.38, 40.Google Scholar

³Amelung,,Vatican,1.520Google Scholar, pl. 54;Brit. Sch. Ath.x.146.Google Scholar

⁴ See above, p. 246, n. 1; P.-W. xiii. 1, cols. 538 ff., ‘Liknon’ (Kroll).

⁵ Hom.Od. 11. 127 ff., and schol. B.H.V. onOd. 11. 128. Cf. Horn.II. 13. 588 ff., and schol. A.B.

⁶MissHarrison,J.,J.H.S.xxiii (1903),292Google Scholar f.; xxiv (1904), 241 f., seeClass. Quart.xlix.228.Google Scholar

⁷ Hesychius, and schol. Nic. Ther. 114. For a full discussion of these implements see P.-W. xiii. 1, cols. 539 f.

¹Nilsson,,Gesch. d. griech. Rel.i.128Google Scholar, andGjerstad,E.,Archiv für Religionswissenschaft,xxvi (1928),183, n. 11.Google Scholar

² Obviously the figure in question does not have the hooves of a goat, the common attribute of the satyr. Towards the end of the sixth century, however, these hooves tend to disappear in art,Jeanmaire,H.,Dionysos (Paris,1951), p.280, and bibliogr. on pp. 495 f.Google Scholar

³Nilsson,,Gesch. d. griech. Rel.i.472, and pl. 39, 2.Google Scholar

⁴Ibid., pl. 39, 1.

⁵Ibid., p. 472. See a full discussion of satyrs and silenes inNilsson,,op. cit., pp.232Google Scholar ff., and similarly in connexion with Dionysus,Jeanmaire,,op. cit., pp.278 ff.Google Scholar

⁶ If I am right, the object in the right hand of our figure may not be aptuon at all, but the mallet, a more appropriate instrument in the hands of such a personage. However, without examínation of the original this must unfortunately remain a conjecture.