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Effects of elevated temperature and acidification on sulfate assimilation and reduction of microalgae

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Abstract

Increased temperature and acidification are two important environmental factors affecting algal growth in marine ecosystems with the increase of atmospheric CO2. The dinoflagellateAmphidinium carterae and the diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutum were chosen to study the effect of warming and acidification on their sulfate assimilation and reduction processes by continuous incubation at different temperatures (15, 20 and 25 °C) and pHNBS values (8.10, 7.80 and 7.60). Variations in associated sulfur compounds, namely sulfate, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulfide (DMS) and acrylic acid (AA) were observed. The largest sulfate uptake was at 25 °C forA. carterae and at 20 °C forP. tricornutum, however, the optimal growth temperature for both microalgae was 20 °C. The release of DMSP and DMS decreased inA. carterae while they increased inP. tricornutum under the condition of increased temperature. Seawater acidification increased the uptake of sulfate and promoted the growth of the microalgae. Acidification also reduced the release of DMSP, dissolved DMSP (DMSPd), DMS and AA fromA. carterae with mean values of 55%, 22%, 9% and 40%, respectively. However, acidification increased the release of DMSP and DMSPd byP. tricornutum with mean values of 44% and 186%, the release of DMS was inhibited (25%) and with no significant difference in the release of AA (2%). Amino acids were found to inhibit the uptake of sulfate by the two microalgae, and the inhibitory effect of cysteine was found to be stronger than that of methionine. The inhibitory effect of amino acids was temperature sensitive and relatively weak at 20 °C. Besides, acidification could enhance the inhibitory effect and was evident inA. carterae. The sulfur metabolism intermediates (cysteine and methionine) have a feedback regulation effect on the sulfate absorption process of algae.

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Data availability

The datasets of the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2021MD113), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFA0601301) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41676065).

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  1. Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Qin-Dao Li, Pei-Feng Li, Shan-Shan Duan, Chun-Ying Liu, Li-Jun Xie & Gui-Peng Yang

  2. Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Qin-Dao Li, Chun-Ying Liu, Li-Jun Xie & Gui-Peng Yang

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  1. Qin-Dao Li

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Qin-Dao Li and Li-Jun Xie designed and executed the experiments, analyzed the data, and finished the manuscript. Shan-Shan Duan provided technical support. Pei-Feng Li and Chun-Ying Liu provided the conceptualization and edited the draft. Gui-Peng Yang reviewed and edited the draft.

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Li, QD., Li, PF., Duan, SS.et al. Effects of elevated temperature and acidification on sulfate assimilation and reduction of microalgae.J Appl Phycol35, 1603–1619 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-023-02972-7

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