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Abstract
Within the realm of the Majapahit Empire, Indonesia (ca. 730 to 550 BCE), terracotta ring wells were used as latrines. Such use discontinued after the demise of the empire and no traces are found of them elsewhere in the Indonesian Archipelago. This mystery of their abandonment at Majapahit has never previously been explored but a viable solution is presented here based on historical precedents, hydrogeological reasoning and climate change.
Resume
Dans le royaume de l’Empire Majapahit, en Indonésie (environ 730 à 550 avant notre ère), des puits annulaires en terre cuite étaient utilisés comme latrines. Cette utilisation a cessé après la disparition de l’empire et aucune trace n’en a été trouvée ailleurs dans l’archipel indonésien. Ce mystère de leur abandon à Majapahit n'a jamais été exploré auparavant, mais une solution viable est présentée ici, basée sur des précédents historiques, un raisonnement hydrogéologique et le changement climatique.
Resumen
En el reino del Imperio Majapahit, Indonesia ( entre los años 730 y 550 a.C.), los pozos anulares de terracota se utilizaban como letrinas. Este uso se interrumpió tras la desaparición del imperio y no se encuentran vestigios de ellos en ningún otro lugar del archipiélago indonesio. El misterio de su abandono en Majapahit nunca se había explorado antes, pero en este artículo se presenta una solución viable basada en antecedentes históricos, razonamientos hidrogeológicos y el cambio climático.
摘要
在印度尼西亚Majapahit帝国(约公元前730至公元前550年)境内, 陶环井被用作厕所。在帝国灭亡后, 这种使用方式停止了, 并且在印度尼西亚群岛的其他地方也没有发现它们的痕迹。这个关于在Majapahit帝国遗弃陶环井的谜团之前从未被探索过, 但基于历史先例、水文地质推理和气候变化的考虑, 这里提出了一个可行的解决方案。
Resumo
Dentro do reino do Império Majapahit, na Indonésia (cerca de 730 a 550 aC), poços circulares de terracota eram usados como latrinas. Esse uso foi interrompido após o fim do império e não foram encontrados vestígios deles em outras partes do arquipélago indonésio. Este mistério do seu abandono em Majapahit nunca foi explorado anteriormente, mas uma solução viável é aqui apresentada com base em precedentes históricos, raciocínio hidrogeológico e alterações climáticas.
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Jakarta, Indonesia
Paul Whincup
Envirosolutions and Consulting, Jakarta, Indonesia
Riza Oktavianus & Chandra Egy
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Whincup, P., Oktavianus, R. & Egy, C. Hydrogeological solution to the 600-year-old mystery of the terracotta ring wells in Majapahit, Indonesia.Hydrogeol J32, 1781–1786 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-024-02832-9
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