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Clinical Characteristics of Sarcoidosis Patients with Self-Reported Lymphoma: A US Nationwide Registry Study

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Abstract

Purpose

Little is known about the association between sarcoidosis and lymphoma. We aim to determine the prevalence of lymphoma in US sarcoidosis patients and compare the clinical characteristics of patients with and without lymphoma.

Methods

Using a national registry-based study investigating 3560 respondents to the Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research Sarcoidosis Advanced Registry for Cures Questionnaire (FSR-SARC) completed between June 2014 and August 2019, we identified patients who reported the diagnosis of lymphoma following sarcoidosis and randomly selected a computer-generated control sample of sarcoidosis patients with no reported lymphoma with a 2:1 ratio.

Results

Among 3560 patients with sarcoidosis, 43 (1.2%) reported developing lymphoma following their sarcoidosis diagnosis. Patients with lymphoma were more likely to be diagnosed with sarcoidosis at a younger age (median, IQR) 40 (27–50) vs 45 (34.8–56,p = 0.017) years, were more likely to be African–Americans OR 95% CI 3.9 (1.6–9.6,p = 0.002), and have low annual income (OR 2.7, 1.1–6.4p = 0.026). The sarcoidosis–lymphoma group were more likely to have salivary gland (16% vs 5%,p = 0.026) (OR 4; 1.1–14.5) and cutaneous (46% vs 23%,p = 0.023) (OR 2.9; 1.1–7.3) sarcoidosis. They also reported more chronic fatigue (42% vs 23%,p = 0.029), chronic pain (37% vs 13%,p = 0.001), and depression (42% vs 22%,p = 0.019).

Conclusion

The prevalence of lymphoma reported in sarcoidosis patients is higher than the general population which further supports the possible increased risk of lymphoma in sarcoidosis. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis at a younger age, African–American race, cutaneous, and salivary glands sarcoidosis were associated with lymphoma. Sarcoidosis patients who developed lymphoma reported higher disease burden and more non-organ-specific manifestations.

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Data Availability

Data are available upon request through the FSR S.A.R.C. Registry Committee. You can contact the committee at datarequests@stopsarcoidosis.org. Restrictions on access to data are to ensure patient privacy for all persons in the FSR S.A.R.C. Registry.

Code Availability

NA.

Abbreviations

aOR:

Adjusted odds ratio

CI:

Confidence interval

FSR:

Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research

FSR-SARC:

Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research Sarcoidosis Advanced Registry for Cures Questionnaire

IQR:

Interquartile range

IRB:

Institutional Review Board

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factors

US:

United States

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research for the use of FSR S.A.R.C. Patient Registry data to conduct this study.

Funding

Non-monetary support by Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Box 100277, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA

    Bashar N. Alzghoul, Yazan Zayed, Ayoub Innabi, Borna Mehrad & Divya C. Patel

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Ahmad Obeidat

  3. Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Bara Alzghoul

  4. College of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan

    Abdallah Naser

  5. College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

    Abdul-Rahim Shilbayeh

  6. Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research, Chicago, IL, USA

    Tamara Al-Hakim & Mindy Buchanan

Authors
  1. Bashar N. Alzghoul

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  2. Yazan Zayed

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  3. Ahmad Obeidat

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  4. Bara Alzghoul

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  5. Abdallah Naser

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  6. Abdul-Rahim Shilbayeh

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  7. Ayoub Innabi

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  8. Tamara Al-Hakim

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  9. Mindy Buchanan

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  10. Borna Mehrad

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  11. Divya C. Patel

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Contributions

BNA assisted in IRB protocol preparation, study conception and design, initial draft writing and manuscript reviewing and editing, and project administration; YZ performed study conception and design and manuscript reviewing and editing; AO, BA, AN, AS, and AI assisted in critical literature review and manuscript reviewing and editing; TA and MB assisted in registry design and enrollment and manuscript reviewing and editing; BM and DCP performed study conception and design, study administration, supervision, and manuscript reviewing and editing. BNA and DCP are the guarantors of the study. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence toBashar N. Alzghoul.

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Alzghoul, B.N., Zayed, Y., Obeidat, A.et al. Clinical Characteristics of Sarcoidosis Patients with Self-Reported Lymphoma: A US Nationwide Registry Study.Lung199, 611–618 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-021-00485-z

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