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Javanicin, an Antibacterial Naphthaquinone from an Endophytic Fungus of Neem,Chloridium sp.

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Abstract

The endophytic fungusChloridium sp. produces javanicin under liquid and solid media culture conditions. This highly functionalized naphthaquinone exhibits strong antibacterial activity againstPseudomonas spp., representing pathogens to both humans and plants. The compound was crystallized and the structure was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. The X-ray structure confirms the previously elucidated structure of the compound that was done under standard spectroscopic methods. The importance of javanicin in establishing symbiosis betweenChloridium sp. and its host plant,Azadirachta indica, is briefly discussed.

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors (R.N.K.) is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, for award of a “BOYSCAST fellowship” [(SR/BY/L-02/06) 2006-2007] to study at MSU. Support from the NSF, a Howard Hughes professorship to Scott Strobel at Yale University, and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station are also acknowledged. We thank Dr T.T. Lam at the W.M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Laboratory at Yale University for the FT-ICR MS analyses. Financial support to other authors (R.N.K., V.C.V., S.K.G., A.K.) from CSIR and UGC is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Ravindra N. Kharwar, Vijay C. Verma, Anuj Kumar & Surendra K. Gond

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    James K. Harper

  3. Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA

    Wilford M. Hess

  4. Department of Chemistry, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Emil Lobkovosky

  5. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Cong Ma

  6. Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA

    Yuhao Ren & Gary A. Strobel

Authors
  1. Ravindra N. Kharwar

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  2. Vijay C. Verma

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  3. Anuj Kumar

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  4. Surendra K. Gond

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  5. James K. Harper

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  6. Wilford M. Hess

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  7. Emil Lobkovosky

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  8. Cong Ma

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  9. Yuhao Ren

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  10. Gary A. Strobel

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Correspondence toRavindra N. Kharwar.

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Kharwar, R.N., Verma, V.C., Kumar, A.et al. Javanicin, an Antibacterial Naphthaquinone from an Endophytic Fungus of Neem,Chloridium sp..Curr Microbiol58, 233–238 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-008-9313-7

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