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Integrating Dark Patterns into the 4Cs of Online Risk in the Context of Young People and Mobile Gaming Apps

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Abstract

Mobile technologies potentially expose children and adolescents to increasing online risk. These risks take many forms and are widely categorized using the 4Cs: Content, Conduct, Contact, and Commerce. Commerce is the least developed category and, while it has significant overlap with what is known as Dark Design within the field of UX, amalgamation of Dark Design and the 4Cs has not yet been considered. Within this paper we integrate Dark Design into the 4Cs to provide a set of questions we call RIGA (Risk In Games Assessment) and use RIGA to identify potential risks to children and adolescents in free-to-play mobile gaming apps. The key contribution of this paper is the integration of contemporary understandings of Dark Design into the 4Cs framework, through the RIGA question set, which can support research and practitioner communities in identifying potential risk to young people present in mobile gaming apps.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ChiCI Research Group, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK

    Dan Fitton & Janet C. Read

  2. School of Psychological and Social Sciences, York St John University, York, UK

    Beth T. Bell

Authors
  1. Dan Fitton

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  2. Beth T. Bell

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  3. Janet C. Read

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Corresponding author

Correspondence toDan Fitton.

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy

    Carmelo Ardito

  2. Computer Science Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

    Rosa Lanzilotti

  3. Computer Science Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Alessio Malizia

  4. Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK

    Helen Petrie

  5. Computer Science Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

    Antonio Piccinno

  6. Computer Science Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

    Giuseppe Desolda

  7. Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA

    Kori Inkpen

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© 2021 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing

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Fitton, D., Bell, B.T., Read, J.C. (2021). Integrating Dark Patterns into the 4Cs of Online Risk in the Context of Young People and Mobile Gaming Apps. In: Ardito, C.,et al. Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2021. INTERACT 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12935. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85610-6_40

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