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A Linked Data Terminology for Copyright Based on Ontolex-Lemon

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AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems(AICOL 2015, AICOL 2016, AICOL 2016, AICOL 2017, AICOL 2017)

Abstract

Ontolex-lemon is the de facto standard to represent lexica relative to ontologies and it can be used to encode term banks as RDF. A multi-lingual, multi-jurisdictional term bank of copyright-related concepts has been published as linked data based on the ontolex-lemon model. The terminology links information from WIPO (concepts and definitions), IATE (multilingual terms, usage notes) and other sources as Creative Commons (multilingual definitions) or DBpedia (general concepts). The terms have been hierarchically arranged, spanning multiple languages and targeting different jurisdictions. The term bank has been published as a TBX dump file and is publicly accessible as linked data. The term bank has been used to annotate common licenses in the RDFLicense dataset.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The copyright terminology is online at:http://copyrighttermbank.linkeddata.es

  2. 2.
  3. 3.
  4. 4.
  5. 5.

    Communication on content in Digital Single Market (COM(2012) 789 final)

  6. 6.

    In order to modernise the EU copyright legislative framework, “A Single Market for Intellectual Property Rights” (COM(2011) 287 final) was announced, which proposed series of measures to promote an efficient copyright framework for the Digital Single Market that include short and long-term key policy actions in various areas: patents, trademarks, geographical indications, multi-territorial copyright licensing, digital libraries, IPR violations, and IPR enforcement by customs

  7. 7.

    As a premise for a cultural policy and from a structured stakeholder dialogue, industry-led solutions were put forward by stakeholders as a contribution to improve the availability of copyright-protected content online in the EU. Available athttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52012DC0789

  8. 8.

    COM(2016), CELEX:52016PC0594

  9. 9.

    COM(2016)593, CELEX:52016PC0593

  10. 10.

    The purpose of Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (Copyright Directive 83), is to implement theWIPO Copyright Treaty and to harmonise aspects of copyright law across Europe, such as copyright exceptions

  11. 11.

    Connected legal instruments: the Directive 2009/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the legal protection of computer programs, the Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, the WTO’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)

  12. 12.

    Case 283/81CILFIT e.a. [1982] ECR 3415, paragraph 18

  13. 13.

    See EEC Council: Regulation No 1 determining the languages to be used by the European Economic Community, [1958] OJ L 17/385

  14. 14.

    See Case C-257/00Givane and Others [2003] ECR I-345, para. 36 and C-152/01Kyocera [2003] ECR I – 13833, para. 32

  15. 15.

    This point is illustrated by the ruling of the ECJ Case 283/81CILFIT e.a. [1982] ECR 3415, paragraph 19

  16. 16.

    European Council, Draft Strategy on European e-justice 2014–2018, 2013 (2013/C 376/06)

  17. 17.

    For example, IATE definespreferred term as: “a term which should be used instead of any other (equally correct) synonym(s) present, for harmonisation purposes”.

  18. 18.

    For a explicit mention, see the “Draft Report on the implementation of Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (2014/2256(INI))”

  19. 19.
  20. 20.

    “version 4.0 international license […] is the most up-to-date version of our licenses, drafted after broad consultation with our global network of affiliates, and it has been written to be internationally valid.”,http://creativecommons.org/version4

  21. 21.
  22. 22.
  23. 23.
  24. 24.
  25. 25.
  26. 26.
  27. 27.
  28. 28.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the EU FP7 LIDER project (FP7 – 610782), by DER2012-39492-C02-01 CROWDSOURCING, by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Juan de la Cierva Incorpora) and by the fellowship 520250-1-2011-1-IT-ERASMUNDUS EMJD.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Víctor Rodriguez-Doncel, Asunción Gómez-Pérez & Jorge Gracia

  2. Institute of Law and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Cristiana Santos & Pompeu Casanovas

  3. La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia

    Pompeu Casanovas

Authors
  1. Víctor Rodriguez-Doncel

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  2. Cristiana Santos

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  3. Pompeu Casanovas

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  4. Asunción Gómez-Pérez

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  5. Jorge Gracia

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Corresponding author

Correspondence toVíctor Rodriguez-Doncel.

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Ugo Pagallo

  2. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Monica Palmirani

  3. La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Pompeu Casanovas

  4. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Giovanni Sartor

  5. Inria - Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée, Sophia Antipolis, France

    Serena Villata

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Rodriguez-Doncel, V., Santos, C., Casanovas, P., Gómez-Pérez, A., Gracia, J. (2018). A Linked Data Terminology for Copyright Based on Ontolex-Lemon. In: Pagallo, U., Palmirani, M., Casanovas, P., Sartor, G., Villata, S. (eds) AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems. AICOL AICOL AICOL AICOL AICOL 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10791. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00178-0_28

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