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Risk factors for breast cancer in women: an update review

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Abstract

Breast Cancer remains, according to the World Health Organization, the most complex disease cancer in 2021 in the world and the most common cause of death among women. Based on unequivocal scientific data, the establishment of an operative program for prevention could save lives of millions women suffering from breast cancer. In this update review, we highlight the major risk factors related to breast cancer investigated in women over the last 5 years. Thus, we clarify the involvement of these risk factors in the occurrence and growth of breast cancer. Investigations of 15 studies (n = 1,254,418; six case–control studies, five cohort studies, three prospective studies, and one meta-analysis) revealed that age, family history, obesity, use of oral contraceptives, status menopausal, smoking, alcohol consumption, lifestyle, and genetics factors are significantly linked to breast cancer. Additional studies are needed to corroborate these outcomes and initiate new practices aimed at preventing breast cancer.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Geo-Bio -Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, IBN ZOHR University, Hay El Mohammadi (Lastah) B.P: 271, 83000, Taroudannt City, Morocco

    Nada Fakhri, Mohamed Amine Chad, Mohamed Lahkim, Abdellah Houari & Nadia El Kadmiri

  2. Regional Oncology Center, Souss Massa Region, Agadir city, Morocco

    Mohamed Amine Chad

  3. Military Hospital of Rabat, Rabat City, Morocco

    Mohamed Lahkim

  4. Medical Genetics Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca City, Morocco

    Hind Dehbi

  5. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca City, Morocco

    Hind Dehbi

  6. Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, IBN ZOHR University, Agadir City, Morocco

    Ahmed Belmouden

Authors
  1. Nada Fakhri

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  2. Mohamed Amine Chad

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  3. Mohamed Lahkim

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  4. Abdellah Houari

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  5. Hind Dehbi

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  6. Ahmed Belmouden

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  7. Nadia El Kadmiri

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Draft preparation and data collection were performed by NF and NEK. The first draft of the manuscript was written by NF. Data analysis was performed by NF, MAC, ML, HD, AH, AB, and NEK. All authors revised the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence toNadia El Kadmiri.

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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Fakhri, N., Chad, M.A., Lahkim, M.et al. Risk factors for breast cancer in women: an update review.Med Oncol39, 197 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-022-01804-x

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