• Agrawala, S., Moehner, A., El Raey, M., Conway, D., Van Aalst, M., Hagenstad, M. and Smith, J. (2004). Development and climate change in Egypt: focus on coastal resources and the Nile.

• Akbari, A., Ramli, N.I.B. and Kong, N.S. (2015). Application of public domain satellite-based DEMs in natural hazard modeling. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 7(2).

• AL-Harbi, S. D., & Tansey, K. (2007).The accuracy of a DEM derived from ASTER data using differential GPS measurements, ISPRS Hannover workshop 2007. ISPRS.

• ASTER-GDEM (2011). ASTER global digital elevation model version 2 – summary of validation results.NASA LPDAAC & JPL, pp.,1–27.

• Band, L. E. (1986). Topographic partition of watersheds with digital elevation models.Water Resources Research,22(1), 15–24.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Becker, R. H., & Sultan, M. (2009). Land subsidence in the Nile delta: inferences from radar interferometry.The Holocene,19, 949–954.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Blankespoor, B., Dasgupta, S. & Laplante, B. (2012). Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Wetlands Impacts and Costs. Policy Research Working Paper 6277.

• Bohannon, J. (2010). Climate change. The Nile delta’s sinking future.Science,327(5972), 1444–1447.

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Brown, S., Abiy, S., Kebede, A., & Nicholls, R. J. (2011).Sea-level rise and impacts in Africa, 2000 to 2100. UK: University of Southampton.

  Google Scholar 

• Burrough, P., McDonnell, R., & Burrough, P. (1998).Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  Google Scholar 

• CAPMAS (2014). Central agency for public mobilization and statistics.

• Chirico, P. G. (2004).An evaluation of SRTM, ASTER, and contour-based DEMS in the Caribbean region. URISA Caribbean GIS Conference.

• Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B., Meinsner, C., Wheeler, D., & Yan, J. (2007). The impact of sea level rise on developing countries: a comparative analysis.Climate Change,93(3–4), 379–388.

  Google Scholar 

• Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B., Murray, S. & Wheeler, D. (2009). Sea-Level Rise and Storm Surges A Comparative Analysis of Impacts in Developing Countries. Policy Research Working Paper 4901.

• Ehlschlaeger, C. R. (1998).The stochastic simulation approach: tools for representing spatial application uncertainty. Santa Barbara: University of California.

  Google Scholar 

• El Raey, M. (1997). Vulnerability assessment of the coastal zone of the Nile delta of Egypt, to the impacts of sea level rise.Ocean & Coastal Manaoemen,37(1), 29–40.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• El Raey, M. (1999). Egypt: coastal zone development and climate change: impact of climate change on Egypt.

• El Raey, M. (2010). Impacts and implications of climate change for the coastal zones of Egypt. In D. Michel, & A. Pandya (Eds.),The henry L (pp. 31–50). Washington, DC: Stimson Center.

  Google Scholar 

• ENVI (2008).User’s guide. ITT Visual Information Solutions: ENVI on-line software user’s manual.

  Google Scholar 

• FitzGerald, D. M., Fenster, M. S., Argow, B. A., & Buynevich, I. V. (2008). Coastal impacts due to sea-level rise.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,36(1), 601–647.

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Geocontext (2010). Nile Delta shoreline profile.

• Gerald, F., & Ben, M. (2012).Comparison of SRTM and ASTER derived digital elevation models over two regions in Ghana – implications for hydrological and environmental modeling. Studies on Environmental and Applied Geomorphology.

• Gornitz, V. (1991). Global coastal hazards from future sea level rise.Glob. Planet. Change,89, 379–398.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Guth, P. L. (2010).Geomorphometric comparison of ASTER GDEM and SRTM. ASPRS, Orlando, Florida: ASPRS/CaGIS.

  Google Scholar 

• Hereher, M. E. (2010). Vulnerability of the Nile delta to sea level rise: an assessment using remote sensing.Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk,1(4), 315–321.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• IPCC (2001).The scientific basis (p. 881). Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

  Google Scholar 

• Jelínek, R. B., Eckert, S., Zeug, G., & Krausmann, E. (2009).Tsunami vulnerability and risk analysis applied to the city of Alexandria, Egypt, institute for the protection and security of the. Italy: Citizen.

  Google Scholar 

• Jenson, S. K. (1991). Applications of hydrologic information automatically extracted from digital elevation models.Hydrological Processes,5(1), 31–44.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• JPL (2014). SRTM, U.S. Releases Enhanced Shuttle Land Elevation Data.

• Leon, J.X., Heuvelink, G.B.M. & Phinn, S.R. (2014). Incorporating DEM Uncertainty in Coastal Inundation Mapping. PLoS ONE 9 (9:e108727).

• Maidment, D. R. (2002).Arc hydro: GIS for water resources. Redlands, California: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.

  Google Scholar 

• Martz, L. W., & Garbrecht, J. (1992). Numerical definition of drainage network and subcatchment areas from digital elevation models.Computers & Geosciences,18(6), 747–761.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Meshref, W. M. (1990). Tectonic framework. In R. Said (Ed.),The geology of Egypt (pp. 381–389). Netherlands: Rotterdam.

  Google Scholar 

• Moore, I. D., Grayson, R., & Ladson, A. (1991). Digital terrain modelling: a review of hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications.Hydrological Processes,5(1), 3–30.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Nikolakopoulos, K. G., Kamaratakis, E. K., & Chrysoulakis, N. (2006). SRTM vs ASTER elevation products. Comparison for two regions in Crete.Greece. International Journal of Remote Sensing,27(21), 4819–4838.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Nuth, C., & Kaab, A. (2011). Co-registration and bias corrections of satellite elevation data sets for quantifying glacier thickness change.The Cryosphere,5, 271–290.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Oksanen, J. (2006).Digital elevation model error in terrain analysis (p. p. 369). Finlad: University of Helsinki.

  Google Scholar 

• Oksanen, J., & Sarjakoski, T. (2005). Error propagation of DEM-based surface derivatives.Computers & Geosciences,31(8), 1015–1027.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Poulter, B., & Halpin, P. N. (2008). Raster modelling of coastal flooding from sea-level rise.International Journal of Geographical Information Science,22(2), 167–182.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Radwan, A. A., & El-Geziry, T. M. (2013). Some statistical characteristics of surges at Alexandria.Egypt. JKAU: Mar. Sci,24(2), 31–38.

  Google Scholar 

• Reuter, H. I., Hengl, T., Gessler, P., & Soille, P. (2009). Preparation of DEMs for geomorphometric analysis. In H. Tomislav, & I. R. Hannes (Eds.),Geomorphometry: concepts (pp. 87–120). Software, Applications: Elsevier.

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• Rosetta(2010). Egypt’s Nile delta falls prey to climate change. Al Arabiya News.

• SEDAC (2013). Gridded population of the world (GPW), V3. http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/nagdc-population-landscape-climate-estimates-v3.

• Sefercik, U., Jacobsen, K., Oruc, M., & Marangoz, A. (2007).Comparison of spot, SRTM and ASTER DEMS, ISPRS Hannover workshop 2007. ISPRS.

• Simonett, O. (2012). Potential impact of sea level rise: Nile Delta, UNEP/GRID; G. Sestini, Florence; Remote Sensing Center, Cairo; DIERCKE Weltwirtschaftsatlas.

• Snoussi, M., Ouchani, T., & Niazi, S. (2008). Vulnerability assessment of the impact of sea-level rise and flooding on the Moroccan coast: the case of the Mediterranean eastern zone.Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,77(2), 206–213.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• SRTM-DEM, 2006. Shuttle radar topography mission DTED level 1 (3-arc second) documentation. NASA/LPDAAC and USGS/EROS, pp. 1–8.

• Stanley, D. J. (1996). Nile delta: extreme case of sediment entrapment.Journal of Marine Geology,129, 189–195.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Stanley, J. D. (2005). Submergence and burial of ancient coastal sites on the subsiding Nile delta margin, Egypt.Méditerranée,104, 64–73.

  Google Scholar 

• Suwandana, E., Kawamura, K., Sakuno, Y., Kustiyanto, E., & Raharjo, B. (2012). Evaluation of ASTER GDEM2 in comparison with GDEM1, SRTM DEM and topographic-map-derived DEM using inundation area analysis and RTK-dGPS data.Remote Sensing,4(12), 2419–2431.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Wise, S. (2000). Assessing the quality for hydrological applications of digital elevation models derived from contours.Hydrological Processes,14(11–12), 1909–1929.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Wu, S., Li, J., & Huang, G. (2008). A study on DEM-derived primary topographic attributes for hydrologic applications: sensitivity to elevation data resolution.Applied Geography,28(3), 210–223.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Xuejun, L., & Lu, B. (2008). Accuracy assessment of DEM slope algorithms related to spatial autocorrelation of DEM errors. In B. Lees, & G.-a. Tang (Eds.),Q. Zhou (pp. 307–322). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: Advances in Digital Terrain Analysis. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography.

  Google Scholar 

• Yalciner, A. C., Zaytsev, A., Aytore, B., Heidarzadeh, M., Kian, R., & Imamura, F. (2014). A possible submarine landslide and associated tsunami at the northwest Nile delta, Mediterranean sea.Oceanography,27(2), 68–75.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Zandbergen, P. A. (2011).Error propagation modeling for terrain analysis using dynamic simulation tools in ArcGIS modelbuilder. Geomorphometry.org.

Download references