• Aaltonen H, Pumpanen J, Pihlatie M, Hakola H, Hellén H, Kulmala L et al (2011) Boreal pine forest floor biogenic volatile organic compound emissions peak in early summer and autumn. Agric for Meteorol 151:682–691.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.12.010

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Acton WJF, Schallhart S, Langford B, Valach A, Rantala P, Fares S et al (2016) Canopy-scale flux measurements and bottom-up emission estimates of volatile organic compounds from a mixed oak and hornbeam forest in northern Italy. Atmos Chem Phys 16:7149–7170.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7149-2016

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Alves EG, Jardine K, Tota J, Jardine A, Yãnez-Serrano AM, Karl T et al (2016) Seasonality of isoprenoid emissions from a primary rainforest in central Amazonia. Atmos Chem Phys 16:3903–3925.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3903-2016

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Arneth A, Schurgers G, Lathiere J, Duhl T, Beerling DJ, Hewitt CN et al (2011) Global terrestrial isoprene emission models: sensitivity to variability in climate and vegetation. Atmos Chem Phys 11:8037–8052.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8037-2011

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Atkinson R, Arey J (2003) Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of biogenic volatile organic compounds: a review. Atmos Environ 37:197–219.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00391-1

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Baek DH, Seo YB, Yu SJ, Choi IY, Lee SW, Son YS et al (2024) Comparison of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions from representative urban tree species in South Korea and evaluation of standard emission rate models. Atmos Environ.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120654

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Baghi R, Durand P, Jambert C, Jarnot C, Delon C, Serça D et al (2012) A new disjunct eddy-covariance system for BVOC flux measurements – validation on CO₂ and H₂O fluxes. Atmos Meas Tech 5:3119–3132.https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-3119-2012

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Bai J, Baker B, Liang B, Greenberg J, Guenther A (2006) Isoprene and monoterpene emissions from an Inner Mongolia grassland. Atmos Environ 40:5753–5758.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.019

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Bai J, Guenther A, Turnipseed A, Duhl T (2015) Seasonal and interannual variations in whole-ecosystem isoprene and monoterpene emissions from a temperate mixed forest in Northern China. Atmos Pollut Res 6:696–707.https://doi.org/10.5094/APR.2015.078

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Bai J, Guenther A, Turnipseed A, Duhl T, Yu S, Wang B (2016) Seasonal variations in whole-ecosystem BVOC emissions from a subtropical bamboo plantation in China. Atmos Environ 124:12–21.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.008

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Bai J, Guenther A, Turnipseed A, Duhl T, Greenberg J (2017) Seasonal and interannual variations in whole-ecosystem BVOC emissions from a subtropical plantation in China. Atmos Environ 161:176–190.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.05.002

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Baldwin IT (2010) Plant volatiles. Curr Biol 20:R392–R397.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.052

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Bao X, Zhou W, Wang W, Yao Y, Xu L (2024) Tree species classification improves the estimation of BVOCs from urban greenspace. Sci Total Environ 914:169762.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169762

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Batista CE, Ye J, Ribeiro IO, Guimarães PC, Medeiros ASS, Barbosa RG et al (2019) Intermediate-scale horizontal isoprene concentrations in the near-canopy forest atmosphere and implications for emission heterogeneity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116:19318–19323.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904154116

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Bouvier-Brown NC, Goldstein AH, Gilman JB, Kuster WC, de Gouw JA (2009) In-situ ambient quantification of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and related oxygenated compounds during BEARPEX 2007: implications for gas- and particle-phase chemistry. Atmos Chem Phys 9:5505–5518.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5505-2009

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Brown SS, Dubé WP, Bahreini R, Middlebrook AM, Brock CA, Warneke C et al (2013) Biogenic VOC oxidation and organic aerosol formation in an urban nocturnal boundary layer: aircraft vertical profiles in Houston, TX. Atmos Chem Phys 13:11317–11337.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11317-2013

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Businger JA, Oncley SP (1990) Flux measurement with conditional sampling. J Atmos Ocean Technol 7:349–352.https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1990)007%3c0349:FMWCS%3e2.0.CO;2

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Buysse P, Loubet B, Ciuraru R, Lafouge F, Durand B, Zurfluh O et al (2024) First measurements of ecosystem-scale biogenic volatile organic compound fluxes over rapeseed reveal more significant terpenoid emissions than expected. Egusphere 2024:1–26.https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2438

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Calfapietra C, Fares S, Manes F, Morani A, Sgrigna G, Loreto F (2013) Role of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) emitted by urban trees on ozone concentration in cities: A review. Environ Pollut 183:71–80.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.012

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Chang H, Son J, Je SM, Oh CY, Cho M, Kim J et al (2021) Emission rates of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from various tree species in Korea (I). J Korean For Soc 110:543–553.https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2021.110.4.543

• Chen J, Tang J, Yu X (2020) Environmental and physiological controls on diurnal and seasonal patterns of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from five dominant woody species under field conditions. Environ Pollut 259:113955.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113955

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Chen P, Zhao X, Wang O, Shao M, Xiao X, Wang S et al (2022) Characteristics of VOCs and their potentials for O₃ and SOA formation in a medium-sized city in eastern China. Aerosol Air Qual Res 22:210239.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210239

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Chen W, Wang L, Wu J, Lun X, Wang X, Li X (2024) Emission pattern of biogenic volatile organic compounds from wetland vegetation. Atmosphere 15:651.https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15060651

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Chen X, Gong D, Lin Y, Xu Q, Wang Y, Liu S et al (2025) Emission characteristics of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a subtropical pristine forest of southern China. J Environ Sci.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.041

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Cheng A, Lou Y, Mao Y, Lu S, Wang L, Chen X (2007) Plant terpenoids: biosynthesis and ecological functions. J Integr Plant Biol 49:179–186.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00395.x

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Christianson D (2017) Structural and chemical biology of terpenoid cyclases. Chem Rev.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00287

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Copolovici LO, Niinemets Ü (2005) Temperature dependencies of Henry’s law constants and octanol/water partition coefficients for key plant volatile monoterpenoids. Chemosphere 61:1390–1400.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.003

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Cui B, Xian C, Han B, Shu C, Qian Y, Ouyang Z et al (2024) High-resolution emission inventory of biogenic volatile organic compounds for rapidly urbanizing areas: a case of Shenzhen megacity. China J Environ Manage 351:119754.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119754

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Dai M, Niu Q, Wu S, Lin Y, Biswas JK, Yang C (2024) Hydroxyl radicals in ozone-based advanced oxidation of organic contaminants: a review. Environ Chem Lett.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-024-01772-w

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Davison B, Taipale R, Langford B, Misztal P, Fares S, Matteucci G et al (2009) Concentrations and fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds above a mediterranean macchia ecosystem in western Italy. Biogeosciences 6:1655–1670.https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1655-2009

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Desjardins RL (1977) Description and evaluation of a sensible heat flux detector. Bound Layer Meteorol 11:147–154.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02166801

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Drewniak BA, Snyder PK, Steiner AL, Twine TE, Wuebbles DJ (2014) Simulated changes in biogenic VOC emissions and ozone formation from habitat expansion ofAcer Rubrum (red maple). Environ Res Lett 9:014006.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/1/014006

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Du L, Xu L, Li K, George C, Ge M (2023) NH₃ weakens the enhancing effect of SO₂ on biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation. Environ Sci Tech Let 10:145–151.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00959

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Duan X, Chang M, Wu G, Situ S, Zhu S, Zhang Q et al (2024) Estimation of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions in forest ecosystems using drone-based lidar, photogrammetry, and image recognition technologies. Atmos Meas Tech 17:4065–4079.https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4065-2024

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Dudareva N, Negre F, Nagegowda DA, Orlova I (2006) Plant volatiles: recent advances and future perspectives. Crit Rev Plant Sci 25:417–440.https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680600899973

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Edtbauer A, Pfannerstill EY, Pires Florentino AP, Barbosa CGG, Rodriguez-Caballero E, Zannoni N et al (2021) Cryptogamic organisms are a substantial source and sink for volatile organic compounds in the Amazon region. Commun Earth Environ 2:258.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00328-y

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Eerdekens G, Ganzeveld L, Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J, Klüpfel T, Sinha V, Yassaa N et al (2009a) Flux estimates of isoprene, methanol and acetone from airborne PTR-MS measurements over the tropical rainforest during the GABRIEL 2005 campaign. Atmos Chem Phys 9:4207–4227.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4207-2009

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Eerdekens G, Yassaa N, Sinha V, Aalto PP, Aufmhoff H, Arnold F, Williams J (2009b) VOC measurements within a boreal forest during spring 2005: on the occurrence of elevated monoterpene concentrations during night time intense particle concentration events. Atmos Chem Phys 9(21):8331–8350

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Ekberg A, Hakola H, Hayward S, Holst T (2009) Isoprene emission from wetland sedges. Biogeosciences 6:601–613.https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-601-2009

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Fall R, Benson AA (1996) Leaf methanol—the simplest natural product from plants. Trends Plant Sci 1:296–301.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(96)88175-0

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Fan C (2019) Study on biogenic volatile organic compounds emission from forest plants in Hebei Province. Beijing Forestry University.https://doi.org/10.26949/d.cnki.gblyu.2019.000244

• Fares S, Park JH, Gentner DR, Weber R, Ormeño E, Karlik J et al (2012) Seasonal cycles of biogenic volatile organic compound fluxes and concentrations in a California citrus orchard. Atmos Chem Phys 12:9865–9880.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9865-2012

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Fares S, Schnitzhofer R, Jiang X, Guenther AB, Hansel A, Loreto F et al (2013) Observations of diurnal to weekly variations of monoterpene-dominated fluxes of volatile organic compounds from mediterranean forests: implications for regional modeling. Environ Sci 47(19):11073–11082.https://doi.org/10.1021/es4022156

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Feng R, Wang Q, Huang CC, Liang J, Luo K, Fan JR et al (2019) Ethylene, xylene, toluene and hexane are major contributors of atmospheric ozone in Hangzhou, China, prior to the 2022 Asian Games. Environ Chem Lett 17:1151–1160.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-00846-w

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Fry JL, Kiendler-Scharr A, Rollins AW, Wooldridge PJ, Brown SS, Fuchs H et al (2009) Organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol yield from NO₃ oxidation of β-pinene evaluated using a gas-phase kinetics/aerosol partitioning model. Atmos Chem Phys 9:1431–1449.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1431-2009

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Fry JL, Draper DC, Barsanti KC, Smith JN, Ortega J, Winkler PM et al (2014) Secondary organic aerosol formation and organic nitrate yield from NO₃ oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons. Environ Sci Technol 48:11944–11953.https://doi.org/10.1021/es502204x

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Fu P, Kawamura K, Chen J, Miyazaki Y (2014) Secondary production of organic aerosols from biogenic VOCs over Mt. Fuji. Japan Environ Sci Technol 48:8491–8497.https://doi.org/10.1021/es500794d

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Fuentes J, Lerdau M, Atkinson R, Baldocchi D, Bottenheim J, Ciccioli P et al (2000) Biogenic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric boundary layer: a review. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 81:1537–1576.https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081%3c1537:BHITAB%3e2.3.CO;2

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Furnell H, Wenger J, Wingler A, Kilcawley KN, Mannion DT, Skibinska I et al (2024) Identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by sitka spruce and determination of their emission pathways and fluxes. Egusphere 2024:1–37.https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-154

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gao Y, Ma M, Yan F, Su H, Wang S, Liao H et al (2022) Impacts of biogenic emissions from urban landscapes on summer ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation in megacities. Sci Total Environ 814:152654.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152654

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Gao L, Buchholz A, Li Z, Song J, Vallon M, Jiang F et al (2023) Volatility of secondary organic aerosol from β-Caryophyllene ozonolysis over a wide tropospheric temperature range. Environ Sci Technol 57:8965–8974.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01151

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Genard-Zielinski AC, Boissard C, Ormeño E, Lathière J, Reiter IM, Wortham H et al (2018) Seasonal variations ofQuercus pubescens isoprene emissions from an in natura forest under drought stress and sensitivity to future climate change in the Mediterranean area. Biogeosciences 15:4711–4730.https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4711-2018

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Goldstein AH, Galbally IE (2007) Known and unexplored organic constituents in the Earth’s atmosphere. Environ Sci Technol 41(5):1514–1521

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Gómez MC, Durana N, García JA, de Blas M, Sáez de Cámara E, García-Ruiz E et al (2020) Long-term measurement of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a rural background area: contribution to ozone formation. Atmos Environ 224:117315.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117315

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Greenberg JP, Guenther AB, Pétron G, Wiedinmyer C, Vega O, Gatti LV et al (2004) Biogenic VOC emissions from forested amazonian landscapes. GCB 10:651–662.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00758.x

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gros V, Lathière J, Boissard C, Jambert C, Delon C, Staudt M et al (2022) Emissions from the Mediterranean vegetation. In: Dulac F, Sauvage SHamonou E, (eds) Atmospheric Chemistry in the Mediterranean Region: Volume 2-From Air Pollutant Sources to Impacts. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 25–49

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• Gu D, Guenther AB, Shilling JE, Yu H, Huang M, Zhao C et al (2017) Airborne observations reveal elevational gradient in tropical forest isoprene emissions. Nat Commun 8:15541.https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15541

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Gu S, Guenther A, Faiola C (2021) Effects of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds on Los Angeles air quality. Environ Sci Technol 55:12191–12201.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01481

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Guenther AB, Monson RK, Fall R (1991) Isoprene and monoterpene emission rate variability: Observations with eucalyptus and emission rate algorithm development. J Geophys Res-Atmos 96:10799–10808.https://doi.org/10.1029/91JD00960

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Guenther AB, Zimmerman PR, Harley PC, Monson RK, Fall R (1993) Isoprene and monoterpene emission rate variability: Model evaluations and sensitivity analyses. J Geophys Res-Atmos 98:12609–12617.https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD00527

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Guenther A, Hewitt CN, Erickson D, Fall R, Geron C, Graedel T et al (1995) A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions. J Geophys 100:8873–8892.https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD02950

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Guenther A, Karl T, Harley P, Wiedinmyer C, Palmer PI, Geron C (2006) Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (model of emissions of gases and aerosols from nature). Atmos Chem Phys 6:3181–3210.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Guenther AB, Jiang X, Heald CL, Sakulyanontvittaya T, Duhl T, Emmons LK et al (2012) The model of emissions of gases and aerosols from nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions. Geosci Model Dev 5:1471–1492.https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Guo X, Ma F, Liu C, Niu J, He N, Chen J et al (2020) Atmospheric oxidation mechanism and kinetics of isoprene initiated by chlorine radicals: a computational study. Sci Total Environ 712:136330.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136330

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Guo P, Su Y, Sun X, Liu C, Cui B, Xu X et al (2024) Urban-rural comparisons of biogenic volatile organic compounds and ground-level ozone in Beijing. Forests 15:508.https://doi.org/10.3390/f15030508

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Habtemariam S (2019) Chapter 6-Introduction to plant secondary metabolites—From biosynthesis to chemistry and antidiabetic action. In: Habtemariam S (ed) Medicinal Foods as Potential Therapies for Type-2 Diabetes and Associated Diseases. Academic Press, pp 109–132

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• Hakola H, Rinne J, Laurila T (1998) The hydrocarbon emission rates of tea-leafed willow (salix phylicifolia), silver birch (betula pendula) and European aspen (populus tremula). Atmos Environ 32:1825–1833.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00482-2

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Harley PC (2013) The roles of stomatal conductance and compound volatility in controlling the emission of volatile organic compounds from Leaves. In: Niinemets ÜMonson R K, (ed) Biology, Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions. Springer, Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 181–208

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• Herde M, Gärtner K, Köllner TG, Fode B, Boland W, Gershenzon J et al (2008) Identification and regulation of TPS04/GES, an Arabidopsis geranyllinalool synthase catalyzing the first step in the formation of the insect-induced volatile C16-homoterpene TMTT. Plant Cell 20:1152–1168.https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.106.049478

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Hewitt CN, Langford B, Possell M, Karl T, Owen SM (2011) Quantification of VOC emission rates from the biosphere. Trac-Trend Anal Chem 30:937–944.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2011.03.008

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Himanen SJ, Blande JD, Klemola T, Pulkkinen J, Heijari J, Holopainen JK (2010) Birch (Betula spp.) leaves adsorb and re-release volatiles specific to neighbouring plants – a mechanism for associational herbivore resistance? New Phytol 186:722–732.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03220.x

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Holst T, Arneth A, Hayward S, Ekberg A, Mastepanov M, Jackowicz-Korczynski M et al (2010) BVOC ecosystem flux measurements at a high latitude wetland site. Atmos Chem Phys 10:1617–1634.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1617-2010

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Hoyle CR, Berntsen T, Myhre G, Isaksen ISA (2007) Secondary organic aerosol in the global aerosol–chemical transport model Oslo CTM2. Atmos Chem Phys 7:5675–5694.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5675-2007

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Humphreys JM, Chapple C (2002) Rewriting the lignin roadmap. Curr Opin Plant Biol 5:224–229.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(02)00257-1

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Ieda T, Kitamori Y, Mochida M, Hirata R, Hirano T, Inukai K et al (2006) Diurnal variations and vertical gradients of biogenic volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds at the Tomakomai larch forest station in Japan. Tellus B Chem Phys Meteorol 58:177–186.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00179.x

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Jaakkola E (2024) Stress-induced BVOC emissions from forests in Sweden. Lunds university, Sweden

  Google Scholar 

• Jensen NR, Gruening C, Goded I, Müller M, Hjorth J, Wisthaler A (2018) Eddy-covariance flux measurements in an Italian deciduous forest using PTR-ToF-MS, PTR-QMS and FIS. Int J Environ Anal Chem 98:758–788.https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2018.1502758

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Jeon WB, Lee SH, Lee H, Park C, Kim DH, Park SY (2014) A study on high ozone formation mechanism associated with change of NOx/VOCs ratio at a rural area in the Korean Peninsula. Atmos Environ 89:10–21.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.005

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Joo YC, Oh DK (2012) Lipoxygenases: Potential starting biocatalysts for the synthesis of signaling compounds. Biotechnol Adv 30:1524–1532.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.04.004

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Kajos MK, Hakola H, Holst T, Nieminen T, Tarvainen V, Maximov T et al (2013) Terpenoid emissions from fully grown east Siberian trees. Biogeosciences 10:4705–4719.https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4705-2013

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Kalogridis C, Gros V, Sarda-Esteve R, Langford B, Loubet B, Bonsang B et al (2014) Concentrations and fluxes of isoprene and oxygenated VOCs at a French Mediterranean oak forest. Atmos Chem Phys 14:10085–10102.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10085-2014

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Kansal A (2009) Sources and reactivity of NMHCs and VOCs in the atmosphere: a review. J Hazard Mater 166:17–26.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.048

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Karl T, Potosnak M, Guenther A, Clark D, Walker J, Herrick JD et al (2004) Exchange processes of volatile organic compounds above a tropical rain forest: implications for modeling tropospheric chemistry above dense vegetation. J Geophys Res-Atmos.https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004738

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Karl T, Guenther A, Yokelson RJ, Greenberg J, Potosnak M, Blake DR et al (2007) The tropical forest and fire emissions experiment: Emission, chemistry, and transport of biogenic volatile organic compounds in the lower atmosphere over Amazonia. J Geophys.https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008539

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Karl T, Harley P, Emmons L, Thornton B, Guenther A, Basu C et al (2010) Efficient atmospheric cleansing of oxidized organic trace gases by vegetation. Science.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1192534

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Karl T, Kaser L, Turnipseed A (2014) Eddy covariance measurements of isoprene and 232-MBO based on NO+ time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Int J Mass Spectrom 365–366:15–19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2013.12.002

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Keenan T, Niinemets Ü, Sabate S, Gracia C, Peñuelas J (2009) Process based inventory of isoprenoid emissions from European forests: model comparisons, current knowledge and uncertainties. Atmos Chem Phys 9:4053–4076.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4053-2009

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Kelly JM, Doherty RM, O’Connor FM, Mann GW (2018) The impact of biogenic, anthropogenic, and biomass burning volatile organic compound emissions on regional and seasonal variations in secondary organic aerosol. Atmos Chem Phys 18:7393–7422.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7393-2018

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Kesselmeier J, Staudt M (1999) Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC): an overview on emission, physiology and ecology. J Atmos Chem 33:23–88.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006127516791

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Kesselmeier J, Kuhn U, Wolf A, Andreae MO, Ciccioli P, Brancaleoni E et al (2000) Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOC) at a remote tropical forest site in central Amazonia. Atmos Environ 34:4063–4072.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00186-2

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Kirstine W, Galbally I, Ye Y, Hooper M (1998) Emissions of volatile organic compounds (primarily oxygenated species) from pasture. J Environ Sci 103:10605–10619.https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD03753

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Kleiss B (2004) Emissions of volatile organic compounds from tropical savanna vegetation and biomass burning. Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, p 235

  Google Scholar 

• Klinger LF, Li QJ, Guenther AB, Greenberg JP, Baker B, Bai JH (2002) Assessment of volatile organic compound emissions from ecosystems of China. J Geophys.https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001076

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Koeduka T, Fridman E, Gang DR, Vassão DG, Jackson BL, Kish CM et al (2006) Eugenol and isoeugenol, characteristic aromatic constituents of spices, are biosynthesized via reduction of a coniferyl alcohol ester. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:10128–10133.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603732103

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Kuhn U, Andreae MO, Ammann C, Araújo AC, Brancaleoni E, Ciccioli P et al (2007) Isoprene and monoterpene fluxes from Central Amazonian rainforest inferred from tower-based and airborne measurements, and implications on the atmospheric chemistry and the local carbon budget. Atmos Chem Phys 7:2855–2879.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2855-2007

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Laffineur Q, Aubinet M, Schoon N, Amelynck C, Müller JF, Dewulf J et al (2011) Isoprene and monoterpene emissions from a mixed temperate forest. Atmos Environ 45:3157–3168.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.054

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Langford B, Misztal PK, Nemitz E, Davison B, Helfter C, Pugh TAM et al (2010) Fluxes and concentrations of volatile organic compounds from a South-East Asian tropical rainforest. Atmos Chem Phys 10:8391–8412.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8391-2010

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Laothawornkitkul J, Taylor JE, Paul ND, Hewitt CN (2009) Biogenic volatile organic compounds in the Earth system. New Phytol 183:27–51.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02859.x

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Lappalainen HK, Sevanto S, Bäck J, Ruuskanen TM, Kolari P, Taipale R et al (2009) Day-time concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a boreal forest canopy and their relation to environmental and biological factors. Atmos Chem Phys 9:5447–5459.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5447-2009

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Lee AKY, Abbatt JPD, Leaitch WR, Li SM, Sjostedt SJ, Wentzell JJB et al (2016) Substantial secondary organic aerosol formation in a coniferous forest: observations of both day- and nighttime chemistry. Atmos Chem Phys 16:6721–6733.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6721-2016

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Li L, Xie S (2014) Historical variations of biogenic volatile organic compound emission inventories in China, 1981–2003. Atmos Environ 95:185–196.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.033

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Li Q, Su G, Li C, Liu P, Zhao X, Zhang C et al (2020) An investigation into the role of VOCs in SOA and ozone production in Beijing. China Sci Total Environ 720:137536.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137536

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Li Y, Liu B, Ye J, Jia T, Khuzestani RB, Sun JY et al (2021) Unmanned aerial vehicle measurements of volatile organic compounds over a subtropical forest in China and implications for emission heterogeneity. ACS Earth Space Chem 5:247–256.https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00271

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Li J, Han Z, Wu J, Tao J, Li J, Sun Y et al (2022a) Secondary organic aerosol formation and source contributions over east China in summertime. Environ Pollut 306:119383.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119383

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Li X, Chen W, Zhang H, Xue T, Zhong Y, Qi M et al (2022b) Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from urban green spaces in the six core districts of Beijing based on a new satellite dataset. Environ Pollut 308:119672.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119672

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Li L, Cao J, Hao Y (2023) Spatial and species-specific responses of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions to elevated ozone from 2014–2020 in China. Sci Total Environ 868:161636.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161636

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Li Q, Lerner G, Bar E, Lewinsohn E, Tas E (2024a) Impact of meteorological conditions on BVOC emission rate from Eastern Mediterranean vegetation under drought. Egusphere 2024:1–33.https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-529

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Li Y, Wu Z, Ji Y, Chen T, Li H, Gao R et al (2024b) Comparison of the ozone formation mechanisms and VOCs apportionment in different ozone pollution episodes in urban Beijing in 2019 and 2020: insights for ozone pollution control strategies. Sci Total Environ 908:168332.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168332

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Lin G, Sillman S, Penner JE, Ito A (2014) Global modeling of SOA: the use of different mechanisms for aqueous-phase formation. Atmos Chem Phys 14:5451–5475.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5451-2014

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Lin Z, Shen W, Tong X, Corriou JP (2020) An autoanalyzer for real-time detection of benzene and volatile organic compounds in paper mills. Environ Chem Lett.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-00992-0Liu

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Wang M, Wu M, Li X, Liu H, Niu N et al (2023) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plants: From release to detection. Trac-Trend Anal Chem 158:116872.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2022.116872

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Loreto F, Fineschi S (2015) Reconciling functions and evolution of isoprene emission in higher plants. New Phytol 206:578–582.https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13242

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Ma M, Gao Y, Ding A, Su H, Liao H, Wang S et al (2022) Development and assessment of a high-resolution biogenic emission inventory from urban green spaces in China. Environ Sci Technol 56:175–184.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c06170

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Mahilang M, Deb MK, Pervez S (2021) Biogenic secondary organic aerosols: a review on formation mechanism, analytical challenges and environmental impacts. Chemosphere 262:127771.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127771

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Makar PA, Staebler RM, Akingunola A, Zhang J, McLinden C, Kharol SK et al (2017) The effects of forest canopy shading and turbulence on boundary layer ozone. Nat Commun 8:15243.https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15243

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Maoz I, Lewinsohn E, Gonda I (2022) Amino acids metabolism as a source for aroma volatiles biosynthesis. Curr Opin Plant Biol 67:102221.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102221

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Matsui K (2006) Green leaf volatiles: hydroperoxide lyase pathway of oxylipin metabolism. Curr Opin Plant Biol 9:274–280.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2006.03.002

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• McKinney KA, Lee BH, Vasta A, Pho TV, Munger JW (2011) Emissions of isoprenoids and oxygenated biogenic volatile organic compounds from a New England mixed forest. Atmos Chem Phy 11:4807–4831.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4807-2011

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• McKinney KA, Wang D, Ye J, de Fouchier JB, Guimarães PC, Batista CE et al (2019) A sampler for atmospheric volatile organic compounds by copter unmanned aerial vehicles. Atmos Meas Tech 12:3123–3135.https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3123-2019

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Mettke P, Brüggemann M, Mutzel A, Gräfe R, Herrmann H (2023) Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) through uptake of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxides (ISOPOOH) and its oxidation products. ACS Earth Space Chem 7:1025–1037.https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00385

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Misztal PK, Nemitz E, Langford B, Di Marco CF, Phillips GJ, Hewitt CN et al (2011) Direct ecosystem fluxes of volatile organic compounds from oil palms in South-East Asia. Atmos Chem Phys 11:8995–9017.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8995-2011

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Mo Z, Shao M, Wang W, Liu Y, Wang M, Lu S (2018) Evaluation of biogenic isoprene emissions and their contribution to ozone formation by ground-based measurements in Beijing, China. Sci Total Environ 627:1485–1494.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.336

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Mochizuki T, Miyazaki Y, Ono K, Wada R, Takahashi Y, Saigusa N et al (2015) Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds and subsequent formation of secondary organic aerosols in aLarix kaempferi forest. Atmos Chem Phys 15:12029–12041.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12029-2015

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Monson RK, Fall RR (1989) Isoprene emission from aspen leaves : influence of environment and relation to photosynthesis and photorespiration. Plant Physiol 90(1):267–274.https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.90.1.267

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Monson RK, Jaeger CH, Adams WW, Driggers EM, Silver GM, Fall R (1992) Relationships among isoprene emission rate, photosynthesis, and isoprene synthase activity as influenced by temperature. Plant Physiol 98:1175–1180.https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.98.3.1175

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Monson RK, Harley PC, Litvak ME, Wildermuth M, Guenther AB, Zimmerman PR et al (1994) Environmental and developmental controls over the seasonal pattern of isoprene emission from aspen leaves. Oecologia 99:260–270.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00627738

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Morrone L, Neri L, Facini O, Galamini G, Ferretti G, Rotondi A (2024) Influence of chabazite zeolite foliar applications used for olive fruit fly control on volatile organic compound emission, photosynthesis, and quality of extra virgin olive oil. Plants 13:698.https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050698

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Moura PC, Raposo M, Vassilenko V (2023) Breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of pathological conditions: a review. Biomed J 46:100623.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2023.100623

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Müller JF (1992) Geographical distribution and seasonal variation of surface emissions and deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases. J Geophys 97:3787–3804.https://doi.org/10.1029/91JD02757

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Müller JF, Stavrakou T, Wallens S, De Smedt I, Van Roozendael M, Potosnak M et al (2007) Global isoprene emissions estimated using MEGAN, ECMWF analyses and a detailed canopy environment model. Atmos Chem Phy 8:1329–1341.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1329-2008

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Newman J, Chappell J (1999) Isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants: carbon partitioning within the cytoplasmic pathway. Crit Rev Biochem 34:95–106.https://doi.org/10.1080/10409239991209228

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Ng NL, Kwan AJ, Surratt JD, Chan AWH, Chhabra PS, Sorooshian A et al (2008) Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals (NO₃). Atmos Chem Phys 8:4117–4140.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4117-2008

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Niinements Ü, Fare S, Harley P, Jardine KJ (2014) Bidirectional exchange of biogenic volatiles with vegetation: emission sources, reactions, breakdown and deposition. Plant Cell Environ 37:1790–1809.https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12322

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Noe SM, Copolovici L, Niinemets U, Vaino E (2008) Foliar limonene uptake scales positively with leaf lipid content: “non-emitting” species absorb and release monoterpenes. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 10:129–137.https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965239

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Noe SM, Hüve K, Niinemets Ü, Copolovici L (2012) Seasonal variation in vertical volatile compounds air concentrations within a remote hemiboreal mixed forest. Atmos Chem Phys 12:3909–3926.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3909-2012

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Okumura M, Kosugi Y, Tani A (2018) Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from bamboo species in Japan. J Agric Meteorol 74:40–44.https://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.D-17-00017

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ortega J, Helmig D, Guenther A, Harley P, Pressley S, Vogel C (2007) Flux estimates and OH reaction potential of reactive biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from a mixed northern hardwood forest. Atmos Environ 41:5479–5495.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.033

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Otter L, Guenther A, Wiedinmyer C, Fleming G, Harley P, Greenberg J (2003) Spatial and temporal variations in biogenic volatile organic compound emissions for Africa south of the equator. Environ Sci.https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002609

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Owen SM, Boissard C, Hewitt CN (2001) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from 40 Mediterranean plant species: VOC speciation and extrapolation to habitat scale. Atmos Environ 35:5393–5409.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00302-8

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Park JH, Goldstein AH, Timkovsky J, Fares S, Weber R, Karlik J et al (2013a) Active atmosphere-ecosystem exchange of the vast majority of detected volatile organic compounds. Science 341:643–647.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235053

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Park JH, Goldstein AH, Timkovsky J, Fares S, Weber R, Karlik J et al (2013b) Eddy covariance emission and deposition flux measurements using proton transfer reaction–time of flight–mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS): comparison with PTR-MS measured vertical gradients and fluxes. Atmos Chem Phys 13:1439–1456.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1439-2013

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Park JH, Goldstein AH, Timkovsky J, Fares S, Weber R, Karlik J et al (2013c) Eddy covariance emission and deposition flux measurements using proton transfer reaction – time of flight – mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS): comparison with PTR-MS measured vertical gradients and fluxes. Atmos Chem Phys 13:1439–1456.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1439-2013

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Peron A, Graus M, Striednig M, Lamprecht C, Wohlfahrt G, Karl T (2024) Deciphering anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to selected non-methane volatile organic compound emissions in an urban area. Atmos Chem Phys 24:7063–7083.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7063-2024

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Petersen RC, Holst T, Mölder M, Kljun N, Rinne J (2022) Vertical distribution of sources and sinks of VOCs within a boreal forest canopy. Egusphere 2022:1–30.https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-952

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Petersen R, Holst T, Mölder M, Kljun N, Rinne J (2023) Vertical distribution of sources and sinks of volatile organic compounds within a boreal forest canopy. Atmos Chem Phys 23:7839–7858.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7839-2023

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Pichersky E, Noel JP, Dudareva N (2006) Biosynthesis of plant volatiles: nature’s diversity and ingenuity. Science 311:808–811.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1118510

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Pierce TE, Waldruff PS (1991) PC-BEIS: A personal computer version of the biogenic emissions inventory system. J Air Waste Manage 41:937–941.https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1991.10466890

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Rasmussen RA, Went FW (1965) Volatile organic material of plant origin in the atmosphere. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 53:215–220.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.53.1.215

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Rhew RC, Deventer MJ, Turnipseed AA, Warneke C, Ortega J, Shen S et al (2017) Ethene, propene, butene and isoprene emissions from a ponderosa pine forest measured by relaxed eddy accumulation. Atmos Chem Phys 17:13417–13438.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13417-2017

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Rinne J, Ammann C (2012) Disjunct eddy covariance method. In: Aubinet M, Vesala TPapale D, (eds) Eddy Covariance: A Practical Guide to Measurement and Data Analysis. Springer, Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 291–307

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• Rinne HJI, Guenther AB, Greenberg JP, Harley PC (2002) Isoprene and monoterpene fluxes measured above amazonian rainforest and their dependence on light and temperature. Atmos Environ 36:2421–2426.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00523-4

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Rizzo LV, Artaxo P, Karl T, Guenther AB, Greenberg J (2010) Aerosol properties, in-canopy gradients, turbulent fluxes and VOC concentrations at a pristine forest site in amazonia. Atmos Environ 44:503–511.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.11.002

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Rocco M, Brugere E, Magand O, Borbon A, Colomb A, Bouvier L et al (2024) VELVET: an enclosure vegetation system to measure BVOC emission fingerprints in temperate and tropical climates. Front Environ Sci.https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1372931

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Roviello V, Roviello GN (2022) Less COVID-19 deaths in southern and insular Italy explained by forest bathing, mediterranean environment, and antiviral plant volatile organic compounds. Environ Chem Lett 20:7–17.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01309-5

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Ruuskanen TM, Müller M, Schnitzhofer R, Karl T, Graus M, Bamberger I et al (2011) Eddy covariance VOC emission and deposition fluxes above grassland using PTR-TOF. Atmos Chem Phys.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-611-2011

• Saito T, Yokouchi Y, Kosugi Y, Tani M, Philip E, Okuda T (2008) Methyl chloride and isoprene emissions from tropical rain forest in Southeast Asia. GRL.https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035241

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Sandoval-Soto L, Kesselmeier M, Schmitt V, Wild A, Kesselmeier J (2012) Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Biogeosciences 9:2935–2945.https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2935-2012

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Sarkar C, Guenther AB, Park JH, Seco R, Alves E, Batalha S et al (2020a) PTR-TOF-MS eddy covariance measurements of isoprene and monoterpene fluxes from an eastern amazonian rainforest. Atmos Chem Phys 20:7179–7191.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7179-2020

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Sarkar C, Turnipseed A, Shertz S, Karl T, Potosnak M, Bai J et al (2020b) A portable, low-cost relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) system for quantifying ecosystem-level fluxes of volatile organics. Atmos Environ 242:117764.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117764

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Schallhart S, Rantala P, Nemitz E, Taipale D, Tillmann R, Mentel TF et al (2016) Characterization of total ecosystem-scale biogenic VOC exchange at a mediterranean oak–hornbeam forest. Atmos Chem Phys 16:7171–7194.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7171-2016

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Schollert M, Burchard S, Faubert P, Michelsen A, Rinnan R (2014) Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in four vegetation types in high arctic Greenland. Polar Biol 37:237–249.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1427-0

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Schuman MC (2023) Where, when, and why do plant volatiles mediate ecological signaling? the answer is blowing in the wind. Ann Rev Plant Biol 74(1):609–633

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Schurgers G, Arneth A, Holzinger R, Goldstein AH (2009) Process-based modelling of biogenic monoterpene emissions combining production and release from storage. Atmos Chem Phys 9:3409–3423.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3409-2009

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Seco R, Peñuelas J, Filella I (2008) Formaldehyde emission and uptake by mediterranean trees quercus ilex and pinus halepensis. Atmos Environ 42:7907–7914.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.006

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Seco R, Holst T, Davie-Martin CL, Simin T, Guenther A, Pirk N et al (2022) Strong isoprene emission response to temperature in tundra vegetation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 119:e2118014119.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2118014119

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• SercÇa D, Guenther A, Klinger L, Vierling L, Harley P, Druilhet A et al (2001) Expresso flux measurements at upland and lowland Congo tropical forest site. Tellus B Chem Phys Meteorol 53:220–234.https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2001.01237.x

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Shao M, Lu S, Liu Y, Xie X, Chang C, Huang S et al (2009) Volatile organic compounds measured in summer in Beijing and their role in ground-level ozone formation. J Geophys.https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010863

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Shi Y, Ren J, Xi Z, Simayi M, Xie S (2023) Identification of key anthropogenic VOC species and sources controlling summer ozone formation in China. Atmos Environ 298:119623.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119623

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Silva CP (2010) Observational studies of the main sources of organic compost emissions (VOCs) in the intact terra firme forest in the central Amazon, National Institute for Amazon Research. National Institute for Amazon Research, Brazil, p. 99.

• Šimpraga M, Ghimire RP, Van Der Straeten D, Blande JD, Kasurinen A, Sorvari J et al (2019) Unravelling the functions of biogenic volatiles in boreal and temperate forest ecosystems. Eur J Forest Res 138:763–787.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-019-01213-2

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Sindelarova K, Granier C, Bouarar I, Guenther A, Tilmes S, Stavrakou T et al (2014) Global data set of biogenic VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN model over the last 30 years. Atmos Chem Phys 14:9317–9341.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9317-2014

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Situ S, Guenther A, Wang X, Jiang X, Turnipseed A, Wu Z et al (2013) Impacts of seasonal and regional variability in biogenic VOC emissions on surface ozone in the Pearl river delta region, China. Atmos Chem Phys 13:11803–11817.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11803-2013

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Sivy TL, Shirk MC, Fall R (2002) Isoprene synthase activity parallels fluctuations of isoprene release during growth of bacillus subtilis. Biochem Bioph Res Co 294:71–75.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00435-7

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Song X, He H, Xie X, Cai Y, Ren M, Yang Z (2024) Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on BVOCs emission dynamics and O₃ and SOA production potentials in seedlings of three Ficus species. Atmos Pollut Res.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2024.102202

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Spirig C, Neftel A, Ammann C, Dommen J, Grabmer W, Thielmann A et al (2005) Eddy covariance flux measurements of biogenic VOCs during ECHO 2003 using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Atmos Chem Phys 5:465–481.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-465-2005

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Spracklen DV, Jimenez JL, Carslaw KS, Worsnop DR, Evans MJ, Mann GW et al (2011) Aerosol mass spectrometer constraint on the global secondary organic aerosol budget. Atmos Chem Phys 11:12109–12136.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12109-2011

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Stimler K, Montzka SA, Berry JA, Rudich Y, Yakir D (2010) Relationships between carbonyl sulfide (COS) and CO₂ during leaf gas exchange. New Phytol 186:869–878.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03218.x

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Surratt JD, Kroll JH, Kleindienst TE, Edney EO, Claeys M, Sorooshian A et al (2007) Evidence for organosulfates in secondary organic aerosol. Environ Sci Technol 41:517–527.https://doi.org/10.1021/es062081q

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Tholl D (2015) Biosynthesis and biological functions of terpenoids in plants. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 148:63–106.https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2014_295

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Tingey DT, Manning M, Grothaus LC, Burns WF (1980) Influence of light and temperature on monoterpene emission rates from slash pine. Plant Physiol 65:797–801.https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.65.5.797

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Tsimpidi AP, Karydis VA, Pandis SN (2008) Response of fine particulate matter to emission changes of oxides of nitrogen and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in the eastern United States. J Air Waste Manage 58:1463–1473.https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.58.11.1463

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Viswanath KK, Varakumar P, Pamuru RR, Basha SJ, Mehta S, Rao AD (2020) Plant lipoxygenases and their role in plant physiology. J Plant Biol 63:83–95.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-020-09241-x

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Wada R, Ueyama M, Tani A, Mochizuki T, Miyazaki Y, Kawamura K et al (2020) Observation of vertical profiles of NO, O₃, and VOCs to estimate their sources and sinks by inverse modeling in a Japanese larch forest. J Agric Meteorol 76:1–10.https://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.D-18-00029

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Wang L, Li M, Yu S, Chen X, Li Z, Zhang Y et al (2020) Unexpected rise of ozone in urban and rural areas, and sulfur dioxide in rural areas during the coronavirus city lockdown in Hangzhou, China: implications for air quality. Environ Chem Lett 18:1713–1723.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01028-3

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Wang L, Lun X, Wu J, Wang Q, Tao J, Dou X et al (2023) Investigation of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in the qinghai-tibetan plateau. Sci Total Environ 902:165877.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165877

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Wang H, Liu X, Wu C, Lin G (2024) Regional to global distributions, trends, and drivers of biogenic volatile organic compound emission from 2001 to 2020. Atmos Chem Phys 24:3309–3328.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3309-2024

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Wasternack C (2007) Jasmonates: an update on biosynthesis, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. Ann Bot 100:681–697.https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm079

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Weng H, Lin J, Martin R, Millet DB, Jaeglé L, Ridley D et al (2020) Global high-resolution emissions of soil NO_x, sea salt aerosols, and biogenic volatile organic compounds. Sci Data 7:148.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0488-5

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Went FW (1960) Organic matter in the atmosphere, and its possible relation to petroleum formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 46:212–221.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.46.2.212

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Withers ST, Keasling JD (2007) Biosynthesis and engineering of isoprenoid small molecules. Appl Microbiol Biot 73:980–990.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0593-1

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Witkowski B, Al-Sharafi M, Błaziak K, Gierczak T (2023) Aging of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol by hydroxyl radicals in the aqueous phase: kinetics and products. Environ Sci Technol 57(15):6040–6051

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Wu K, Yang X, Chen D, Gu S, Lu Y, Jiang Q et al (2020) Estimation of biogenic VOC emissions and their corresponding impact on ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation in China. Atmos Res 231:104656.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104656

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Wu J, Long J, Liu H, Sun G, Li J, Xu L et al (2021) Biogenic volatile organic compounds from 14 landscape woody species: tree species selection in the construction of urban greenspace with forest healthcare effects. J Environ Manage 300:113761.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113761

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Wu J, Wang Q, Xu C, Lun X, Wang L, Gao Y et al (2024) Biogenic volatile organic compounds in forest therapy base: a source of air pollutants or a healthcare function? Sci Total Environ 931:172944.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172944

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Xu L, Du L, Tsona NT, Ge M (2021) Anthropogenic effects on biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation. Adv Atmos Sci 38:1053–1084.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-0284-3

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Xu Y, Tong S, Li W, Chen M, Hu L, Zhang H et al (2025) Nighttime reactions of a series of unsaturated alcohols with NO₃•: kinetics, products and mechanisms study. J Environ Sci 151:331–346.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2024.03.043

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Yáñez-Serrano AM, Nölscher AC, Williams J, Wolff S, Alves E, Martins GA et al (2015) Diel and seasonal changes of biogenic volatile organic compounds within and above an Amazonian rainforest. Atmos Chem Phys 15:3359–3378.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3359-2015

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Yi Y, Zhou X, Xue L, Wang W (2018) Air pollution: formation of brown, lighting-absorbing, secondary organic aerosols by reaction of hydroxyacetone and methylamine. Environ Chem Lett 16:1083–1088.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0727-6

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Yu S (2019) Fog geoengineering to abate local ozone pollution at ground level by enhancing air moisture. Environ Chem Lett 17:565–580.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0809-5

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Yu SJ, Seo YS, Son YS, Kim JC (2024) Characteristics of BVOCs emitted from representative tree species in South Korea according to environmental influences. Atmos Environ.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120238

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Yuan Y, Sun Z, Kännaste A, Guo M, Zhou G, Niinemets Ü (2020) Isoprenoid and aromatic compound emissions in relation to leaf structure, plant growth form and species ecology in 45 East-Asian urban subtropical woody species. Urban for Urban Green 53:126705.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126705

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Yuan X, Xu Y, Calatayud V, Li Z, Feng Z, Loreto F (2023) Emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes from urban tree species in China and relationships with their driving factors. Atmos Environ 314:120096.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120096

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Zhang H, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Acton WJF, Wang Z, Nemitz E et al (2020a) Vertical profiles of biogenic volatile organic compounds as observed online at a tower in Beijing. J Environ Sci 95:33–42.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.032

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Zhang L, Li H, Wu Z, Zhang W, Liu K, Cheng X et al (2020b) Characteristics of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in urban area of Beijing: variations, photochemical reactivity and source apportionment. J Environ Sci 95:190–200.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.023

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Zhang M, Zhao C, Yang Y, Du Q, Shen Y, Lin S et al (2021) Modeling sensitivities of BVOCs to different versions of MEGAN emission schemes in WRF-Chem (v3.6) and its impacts over eastern China. Geosci Model Dev 14:6155–6175.https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6155-2021

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Zhang X, Yan J, Khashi u Rahman M, Wu F, (2022) The impact of root exudates, volatile organic compounds, and common mycorrhizal networks on root system architecture in root-root interactions. J Plant Interact 17:685–694.https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2022.2086307

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Zhang Y, Dai J, Li Q, Chen T, Mu J, Brasseur G et al (2023) Biogenic volatile organic compounds enhance ozone production and complicate control efforts: Insights from long-term observations in Hong Kong. Atmos Environ 309:119917.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119917

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Zhang B, Jia Y, Bai G, Han H, Yang W, Xie W et al (2024) Characterizing BVOC emissions of common plant species in northern China using real world measurements: Towards strategic species selection to minimize ozone forming potential of urban greening. Urban for Urban Green 96:128341.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128341

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Zhou F, Pichersky E (2020) More is better: the diversity of terpene metabolism in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 55:1–10.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2020.01.005

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Zimmerman PR (1979) Testing of hydrocarbon emissions from vegetation, leaf litter, and aquatic surfaces, and development of a methodology for compiling biogenic emission inventories : final report. Research Triangle Park, N.C.: The Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.

• Zong R, Yang X, Wen L, Xu C, Zhu Y, Chen T et al (2018) Strong ozone production at a rural site in the North China Plain: Mixed effects of urban plumesand biogenic emissions. J Environ Sci 71:261–270.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.003

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

• Zu P, Boege K, Del-Val E, Schuman MC, Stevenson PC, Zaldivar-Riverón A, Saavedra S (2020) Information arms race explains plant-herbivore chemical communication in ecological communities. Science 368(6497):1377–1381

  Article CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references