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Comparative floral anatomy and ontogeny in Magnoliaceae

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Abstract

Floral anatomy and ontogeny are described in six species of Magnoliaceae, representing the two subfamilies Liriodendroideae (Liriodendron chinese andL. tulipifera) and Magnolioideae, including species with terminal flowers (Magnolia championi,M. delavayi,M. grandiflora,M. paenetalauma) and axillary flowers (Michelia crassipes). The sequence of initiation of floral organs is from proximal to distal. The three distinct outermost organs are initiated in sequence, but ultimately form a single whorl; thus their ontogeny is consistent with a tepal interpretation. Tepals are initiated in whorls, and the stamens and carpels are spirally arranged, though the androecium shows some intermediacy between a spiral and whorled arrangement. Carpels are entirely free from each other both at primordial stages and maturity. Ventral closure of the style ranges from open inMagnolia species examined to partially closed inMichelia crassipes and completely closed inLiriodendron, resulting in a reduced stigma surface. Thick-walled cells and tannins are present in all species exceptMichelia crassipes. Oil cells are normally present. Floral structure is relatively homogeneous in this family, althoughLiriodendron differs from other Magnoliaceae in that the carpels are entirely closed at maturity, resulting in a relatively small stigma, in contrast to the elongate stigma of most species ofMagnolia. The flower ofMagnolia does not terminate in an organ or organ whorl but achieves determinacy by gradual diminution.

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Article01 December 2022

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. South China Botanical Garden, Academia Sinica, Guangzhou, 510650, China

    F. Xu

  2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK

    P. J. Rudall

Authors
  1. F. Xu
  2. P. J. Rudall

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Correspondence toF. Xu.

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