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PrecolumbianCucurbita argyrosperma ssp.argyrosperma (Cucurbitaceae) in the Eastern Woodlands of North America

Prehistorica Cucurbita argyrosperma argyrosperma (Cucurbitaceae) en las Áreas Boscosas del Este de Norte América.

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Abstract

Peduncles ofCucurbita argyrosperma ssp.argyrosperma are present in collections of desiccated archaeological plant remains from at least seven prehistoric Ozark rockshelter sites. A radiocarbon date (Accelerator Mass Spectrometer method) on a fragment of one of these fruiting stems has a two-sigma calendric date range of A.D. 1280-1490. One C.argyrosperma ssp.argyrosperma peduncle excavated from the Cahokia site in Illinois was among contents of a sub-mound pit deposited during the 11th century A.D. Therefore, cushaw-like squashes were present in eastern North America before European contact, contrary to the long-held belief thatCucurbita pepo was the only prehistoric squash species in the region. Landraces of eastern North American cushaws were isolated from their Southwestern and Mexican argyrosperma progenitors for a longer period of time than previously believed.

Résumé

Pedúnculos de frutos deCucurbita argyrosperma ssp. argyrosperma se encuentran presentes en colecciones arqueológicas de residuos de plantas secas de por lo menos siete refugios rocosos prehistóricos de Ozark. La fecha de radiocarbono (por el método de Aceleración con Espectómetro de Masa), aplicado a fragmentos de un pedúnculo, da un rango de a.d. 1280–1490 después de calibration dendrocronológica. Similarmente, un pedúnculo defruto deC. argyrosperma ssp.argyrosperma, encontrado en excavaciones realizadas debajo de un montículo del sitio de Cahokia en Illinois, tiene unafecha estimada de a.d. 1000–1050. Estos resultados suguieren que esta subespecie de calabaza estuvo presence en el Este de Norte América antes del contacto con Europa, y contradice la creencia de queCucurbita pepo fue la única especie de calabaza prehistórica que estuvo presente en esta región. Ademas, las variedades de calabaza “cushaw” cultivada en el Este de Norte América fueron separadas de su progenitorC. argyrosperma del Suroeste y México por un período de tiempo mucho más largo de lo que previamente suponíamos.

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  1. Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, 63130, St. Louis, MO

    Gayle J. Fritz

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Fritz, G.J. PrecolumbianCucurbita argyrosperma ssp.argyrosperma (Cucurbitaceae) in the Eastern Woodlands of North America.Econ Bot48, 280–292 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02862329

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