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Abstract
One of the most amazing conceptual revolutions in contemporary academic discourse has been the rise of the concept of the Anthropocene, the notion that humans now fundamentally affect the course of planetary geology. Amidst this conceptual turn a number of contested philosophical standpoints have emerged. This essay addresses one of these standpoints—posthumanism—an attempt based on a revived postmodern sensibility to disavow the centrality of humans in relation to nature. The essay compares posthumanism to an earlier modernist standpoint that attempted to civilise capitalism by decentring the cash nexus and talking about a Triple Bottom Line. The argument of the essay is that neither approaches work: the first because of internal incoherence based on a lack of grounding; and the second because it re-centres the economy without acknowledging it. Consideration of the weaknesses of these positions gives rise to considerations of what might constitute a viable alternative, one that still decentres the human, but continues to recognise the responsibility of all humans for ameliorating the devastating effects of anthropogenic impact.
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- 1.
It should be acknowledged that many modern humanists have been also arguing along the same lines.
- 2.
Anthony Miccoli (2010) has already provided a strong critique of posthumanism that develops that line of response.
- 3.
Here I am thinking of Jane Bennett (2010). Her work is often taken out of context. Quite distinct from most posthumanists, she is clear that she is talking about encounters between ontologically diverse actants, some human, some not (p. xiv).
- 4.
Hayles is an interesting figure in the posthumanist tradition because she is a critic of the cybernetic posthuman condition, while succumbing to the posthuman inevitability herself, saying she wants the kind of posthumanism which enhances embodiment: “my dream is a version of the posthuman that embraces the possibilities of information technologies without being seduced by fantasies of unlimited power and disembodied immortality, that recognises and celebrates finitude as a condition of human being, and that understands human life is embedded in a material world of great complexity, one on which we depend for our continued survival” (1999, p. 5). I agree with all of that, except for the claim that what she is describing is aposthuman condition.
- 5.
The version presented here is fairly flat, emphasising one main level of analysis (doing). For a much fuller account that begins to layer the approach in terms of four epistemological levels—doing, acting, relating and being—see James et al. (2015). For an example of how this method has been used in pedagogy see the curriculum development of the Ross Institute, New York,http://www.circlesofsustainability.org/projects/developing-a-sustainability-curriculum /.
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Institute for Culture and Society, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
Paul James
- Paul James
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Correspondence toPaul James.
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Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
Karen Malone
Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
Son Truong
Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
Tonia Gray
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James, P. (2017). Alternative Paradigms for Sustainability: Decentring the Human Without Becoming Posthuman. In: Malone, K., Truong, S., Gray, T. (eds) Reimagining Sustainability in Precarious Times. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2550-1_3
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