• Balkany, T., Hodges, A. V., & Goodman, K. W. (1996). Ethics of cochlear implantation in young children.Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 114, 748–755.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Bauer, K. A. (2007). Wired patients: Implantable microchips and biosensors in patient care.Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 16, 281–290.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Berreby, D. (1996). Up with people: Dwarves meet identity politics.New Republic, 214(18), 14–19.

  Google Scholar 

• Bramstedt, K. A. (2005). When microchip implants do more than drug delivery: Blending, blurring, and bundling of protected health information and patient monitoring.Technology and Health Care, 13, 193–198.

  Google Scholar 

• Chew, D. J., Zhu, L., Delivopoulos, E., Minev, I. R., Musick, K. M., Mosse, C. A., Craggs, M., Donaldson, N., Lacour, S. P., McMahon, S. B., & Fawcett, J. W. (2013). A microchannel neuroprosthesis for bladder control after spinal cord injury in rat.Science Translational Medicine, 5(210), 210ra155.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Clausen, J. (2008). Moving minds: Ethical aspects of neural motor prostheses.Biotechnology Journal, 3(12), 1493–1501.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Clausen, J. (2009). Man, machine and in between.Nature, 457(7233), 1080–1081.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• De Preester, H. (2011). Technology and the body: The (im)possibilities of re-embodiment.Foundations of Science, 16, 119–137.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• De Venuto, D., & Vincentelli, A. S. (2013). Dr. Frankenstein’s dream made possible: Implanted electronic devices. InDesign, automation & test in Europe (DATE) (pp. 1531–1536). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.

  Google Scholar 

• Dickenson, D., & Widdershoven, G. (2001). Ethical issues in limb transplants.Bioethics, 15, 110–124.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Farina, M. (2013). Neither touch nor vision: Sensory substitution as artificial synaesthesia?Biology and Philosophy, 28, 639–655.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Fernandez, E., & Hoffmann, K.-P. (2011). Visual prostheses. In R. Kramme et al. (Eds.),Springer handbook of medical technology (pp. 821–834). Berlin: Springer.

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• Firger, J. (2013). The brave new world of biohacking.http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/18/the-brave-new-worldofbiohacking.html

• Gerrek, M. L. (2009). Primate stroke research: Still not interested.American Journal of Bioethics, 9(5), 29–30.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Goering, S. (2003). Conformity through cosmetic surgery: The medical erasure of race and disability. In R. Figueroa, S. Harding, & S. G. Harding (Eds.),Science and other cultures: Diversity in the philosophy of science and technology (pp. 172–188). New York: Routledge.

  Google Scholar 

• Halperin, D., Heydt-Benjamin, T. S., Ransford, B., Clark, S. S., Defend, B., Morgan, W., Fu, K., Kohno, T., & Maisel, W. H. (2008). Pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators: Software radio attacks and zero-power defenses. InProceedings of the 2008 IEEE symposium on security and privacy (pp. 129–142). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.

  Google Scholar 

• Hameed, J., Harrison, I., Gasson, M. N., & Warwick, K. (2010). A novel human-machine interface using subdermal magnetic implants. InIEEE 9th international conference on cybernetic intelligent systems (CIS) (pp. 1–5). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.

  Google Scholar 

• Humayun, M. S., Dorn, J. D., da Cruz, L., Dagnelie, G., Sahel, J.-A., Stanga, P. E., Cideciyan, A. V., Duncan, J. L., Eliott, D., Filley, E., Ho, A. C., Santos, A., Safran, A. B., Arditi, A., Del Priore, L. V., & Greenberg, R. J. (2012). Interim results from the international trial of second sight’s visual prosthesis.Ophthalmology, 119, 779–788.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Kroeker, K. L. (2011). Engineering sensation in artificial limbs.Communications of the ACM, 54(4), 16–18.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Lane, H., & Bahan, B. (1998). Ethics of cochlear implantation in young children: A review and reply from a Deaf-World perspective.Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 119, 297–313.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• LeMoyne, R., Coroian, C., Mastroianni, T., Opalinski, P., Cozza, M., & Grundfest, W. (2009). The merits of artificial proprioception, with applications in biofeedback gait rehabilitation. Concepts and movement disorder characterization. In C. A. B. de Mello (Ed.),Biomedical engineering (pp. 165–198). Rijeka: InTech.

  Google Scholar 

• Levy, N. (2002). Reconsidering cochlear implants: The lessons of Martha’s Vineyard.Bioethics, 16, 134–153.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Micera, S. (2010). Control of hand prostheses using peripheral information.IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 3, 48–68.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Mills, M. (2011). Hearing aids and the history of electronics miniaturization.IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 33(2), 24–45.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Nobis, N. (2009). Interests and harms in primate research.American Journal of Bioethics, 9(5), 27–29.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Parry, M. (2011, February 7). Health problems force professor to pull camera from back of head.Chronicle of Higher Education.

  Google Scholar 

• Peterson, N. R., Pisoni, D. B., & Miyamoto, R. T. (2010). Cochlear implants and spoken language processing abilities: Review and assessment of the literature.Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 28(2), 237–250.

  Google Scholar 

• Puri, M., Chapalamadugu, K. C., Miranda, A. C., Gelot, S., Moreno, W., Adithya, P. C., Law, C., & Tipparaju, S. M. (2013). Integrated approach for smart implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) device with real time ECG monitoring: Use of flexible sensors for localized arrhythmia sensing and stimulation.Frontiers in Physiology,4(article 300).

  Google Scholar 

• Rizzo, J. F., III, Snebold, L., & Kenney, M. (2007). Development of a visual prosthesis. A review of the field and an overview of the Boston retinal implant project. In J. Tombran-Tink, C. Barnstable, & J. F. Rizzo (Eds.),Ophthalmology research: Visual prosthesis and ophthalmic devices: New hope in sight (pp. 71–93). Totowa: Humana Press.

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• Russell, W. M. S., Burch, R. L., & Hume, C. W. (1959). The principles of humane experimental technique. Available onhttp://altweb.jhsph.edu/pubs/books/humane_exp/het-toc

• Sample, I. (2013, February 20). Retinal implant restores partial sight to blind people.Guardian.

  Google Scholar 

• Schwartz, M. S., Otto, S. R., Shannon, R. V., Hitselberger, W. E., & Brackmann, D. E. (2008). Auditory brainstem implants.Neurotherapeutics, 5(1), 128–136.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Srivastava, R., Jayant, R. D., Chaudhary, A., & McShane, M. J. (2011). ‘Smart tattoo’ glucose biosensors and effect of coencapsulated anti-inflammatory agents.Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 5, 76–85.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Sughrue, M. E., Mocco, J., Mack, W. J., Ducruet, A. F., Komotar, R. J., Fischbach, R. L., Martin, T. E., & Connolly, E. S., Jr. (2009). Bioethical considerations in translational research: Primate stroke.American Journal of Bioethics, 9(5), 3–12.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Swindell, J. S. (2007). Facial allograft transplantation, personal identity and subjectivity.Journal of Medical Ethics, 33, 449–453.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Vaddirajua, S., Tomazos, I., Burgess, D. J., Jain, F. C., & Papadimitrakopoulos, F. (2010). Emerging synergy between nanotechnology and implantable biosensors: A review.Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 25, 1553–1565.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Wilson, A. D., & Baietto, M. (2009). Applications and advances in electronic-nose technologies.Sensors, 9, 5099–5148.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Woollaston, V. (2013, November 4). Now THAT’S ‘wearable technology’! Man implants a mini computer under his SKIN to track his body temperature.Daily Mail.

  Google Scholar 

• Xia, Y., & Ren, Q. (2013). Ethical considerations for voluntary recruitment of visual prosthesis trials.Science and Engineering Ethics, 19, 1099–1106.

  Article  Google Scholar 

Download references