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Amphetamine in Biological Specimens: Impact and Implications for Public Health

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Abstract

Amphetamine was synthesized in the mid-nineteenth century, and an enormous number of derivatives have appeared ever since, being the consumption of these compounds a serious public health problem. While they have very little therapeutic utility, the main concern today by authorities is the clandestine manufacture and sale, and these substances are subject to control worldwide. Being stimulating agents of the CNS, they cause tachycardia and hypertension with feelings of greater confidence, energy, and sociability. They further cause insomnia and suppress both fatigue and appetite. This chapter will address the main public health problems associated with the use of amphetamines and the importance of monitoring them in the different biological samples. In addition, the techniques available in laboratories to adequately respond and help authorities and public health agents in the control of these substances will also be discussed.

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Abbreviations

ADHD:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

ATS:

Amphetamine-type stimulants

DBS:

Dried blood spot

DLLME:

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

DUID:

Driving under the influence of drugs

EI:

Electron impact ionization

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

HPLC-UV:

High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detector

LC-MS:

Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

LLE:

Liquid-liquid extraction

LOD:

Limits of detection

LOQ:

Limits of quantification

MEPS:

Microextraction by packed sorbent

MS/MS:

Tandem mass spectrometry

SALLE:

Salting-out liquid-liquid extraction

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

SPME:

Solid-phase microextraction

SUPRAS:

Supramolecular solvents

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Author information

Author notes
  1. Ana Y. Simão, Mónica Antunes, Hernâni Marques, Tiago Rosado, Sofia Soares and Joana Gonçalves contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal

    Ana Y. Simão, Mónica Antunes, Hernâni Marques, Tiago Rosado, Sofia Soares, Joana Gonçalves & Eugenia Gallardo

  2. Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, I.P., Delegação Sul, Lisbon, Portugal

    Mário Barroso

Authors
  1. Ana Y. Simão
  2. Mónica Antunes
  3. Hernâni Marques
  4. Tiago Rosado
  5. Sofia Soares
  6. Joana Gonçalves
  7. Mário Barroso
  8. Eugenia Gallardo

Corresponding author

Correspondence toEugenia Gallardo.

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Cite this entry

Simão, A.Y.et al. (2022). Amphetamine in Biological Specimens: Impact and Implications for Public Health. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92392-1_104

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