Type Objects¶
PyTypeObject¶The C structure of the objects used to describe built-in types.
- PyObject*
PyType_Type¶ This is the type object for type objects; it is the same object as
typein the Python layer.
- int
PyType_Check(PyObject *o)¶ Return true if the objecto is a type object, including instances of typesderived from the standard type object. Return false in all other cases.
- int
PyType_CheckExact(PyObject *o)¶ Return true if the objecto is a type object, but not a subtype of thestandard type object. Return false in all other cases.
- unsigned int
PyType_ClearCache()¶ Clear the internal lookup cache. Return the current version tag.
- unsigned long
PyType_GetFlags(PyTypeObject* type)¶ Return the
tp_flagsmember oftype. This function is primarilymeant for use withPy_LIMITED_API; the individual flag bits areguaranteed to be stable across Python releases, but access totp_flagsitself is not part of the limited API.New in version 3.2.
Changed in version 3.4:The return type is now
unsignedlongrather thanlong.
- void
PyType_Modified(PyTypeObject *type)¶ Invalidate the internal lookup cache for the type and all of itssubtypes. This function must be called after any manualmodification of the attributes or base classes of the type.
- int
PyType_HasFeature(PyTypeObject *o, int feature)¶ Return true if the type objecto sets the featurefeature. Type featuresare denoted by single bit flags.
- int
PyType_IS_GC(PyTypeObject *o)¶ Return true if the type object includes support for the cycle detector; thistests the type flag
Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC.
- int
PyType_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *a,PyTypeObject *b)¶ Return true ifa is a subtype ofb.
This function only checks for actual subtypes, which means that
__subclasscheck__()is not called onb. CallPyObject_IsSubclass()to do the same check thatissubclass()would do.
- PyObject*
PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems)¶ - Return value: New reference.
Generic handler for the
tp_allocslot of a type object. UsePython’s default memory allocation mechanism to allocate a new instance andinitialize all its contents toNULL.
- PyObject*
PyType_GenericNew(PyTypeObject *type,PyObject *args,PyObject *kwds)¶ - Return value: New reference.
Generic handler for the
tp_newslot of a type object. Create anew instance using the type’stp_allocslot.
- int
PyType_Ready(PyTypeObject *type)¶ Finalize a type object. This should be called on all type objects to finishtheir initialization. This function is responsible for adding inherited slotsfrom a type’s base class. Return
0on success, or return-1and sets anexception on error.
- void*
PyType_GetSlot(PyTypeObject *type, int slot)¶ Return the function pointer stored in the given slot. If theresult is
NULL, this indicates that either the slot isNULL,or that the function was called with invalid parameters.Callers will typically cast the result pointer into the appropriatefunction type.See
PyType_Slot.slotfor possible values of theslot argument.An exception is raised iftype is not a heap type.
New in version 3.4.
Creating Heap-Allocated Types¶
The following functions and structs are used to createheap types.
- PyObject*
PyType_FromSpecWithBases(PyType_Spec *spec,PyObject *bases)¶ - Return value: New reference.
Creates and returns a heap type object from thespec(
Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE).Ifbases is a tuple, the created heap type contains all types containedin it as base types.
Ifbases is
NULL, thePy_tp_bases slot is used instead.If that also isNULL, thePy_tp_base slot is used instead.If that also isNULL, the new type derives fromobject.This function calls
PyType_Ready()on the new type.New in version 3.3.
- PyObject*
PyType_FromSpec(PyType_Spec *spec)¶ - Return value: New reference.
Equivalent to
PyType_FromSpecWithBases(spec,NULL).
PyType_Spec¶Structure defining a type’s behavior.
- const char*
PyType_Spec.name¶ Name of the type, used to set
PyTypeObject.tp_name.
- int
PyType_Spec.basicsize¶
- int
PyType_Spec.itemsize¶ Size of the instance in bytes, used to set
PyTypeObject.tp_basicsizeandPyTypeObject.tp_itemsize.
- int
PyType_Spec.flags¶ Type flags, used to set
PyTypeObject.tp_flags.If the
Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPEflag is not set,PyType_FromSpecWithBases()sets it automatically.
- PyType_Slot *
PyType_Spec.slots¶ Array of
PyType_Slotstructures.Terminated by the special slot value{0,NULL}.
- const char*
PyType_Slot¶Structure defining optional functionality of a type, containing a slot IDand a value pointer.
- int
PyType_Slot.slot¶ A slot ID.
Slot IDs are named like the field names of the structures
PyTypeObject,PyNumberMethods,PySequenceMethods,PyMappingMethodsandPyAsyncMethodswith an addedPy_prefix.For example, use:Py_tp_deallocto setPyTypeObject.tp_deallocPy_nb_addto setPyNumberMethods.nb_addPy_sq_lengthto setPySequenceMethods.sq_length
The following fields cannot be set using
PyType_SpecandPyType_Slot:tp_print
Setting
Py_tp_basesorPy_tp_basemay beproblematic on some platforms.To avoid issues, use thebases argument ofPyType_FromSpecWithBases()instead.
- void *
PyType_Slot.pfunc¶ The desired value of the slot. In most cases, this is a pointerto a function.
May not be
NULL.
- int