Data Persistence¶

The modules described in this chapter support storing Python data in apersistent form on disk. Thepickle andmarshal modules can turnmany Python data types into a stream of bytes and then recreate the objects fromthe bytes. The various DBM-related modules support a family of hash-based fileformats that store a mapping of strings to other strings. Thebsddbmodule also provides such disk-based string-to-string mappings based on hashing,and also supports B-Tree and record-based formats.

The list of modules described in this chapter is:

• pickle — Python object serialization
  • Relationship to other Python modules
  • Data stream format
  • Usage
  • What can be pickled and unpickled?
  • The pickle protocol
    • Pickling and unpickling normal class instances
    • Pickling and unpickling extension types
    • Pickling and unpickling external objects
  • Subclassing Unpicklers
  • Example
• cPickle — A fasterpickle

• copy_reg — Registerpickle support functions

• shelve — Python object persistence
  • Restrictions
  • Example

• marshal — Internal Python object serialization

• anydbm — Generic access to DBM-style databases

• whichdb — Guess which DBM module created a database

• dbm — Simple “database” interface

• gdbm — GNU’s reinterpretation of dbm

• dbhash — DBM-style interface to the BSD database library
  • Database Objects

• bsddb — Interface to Berkeley DB library
  • Hash, BTree and Record Objects

• dumbdbm — Portable DBM implementation
  • Dumbdbm Objects

• sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases
  • Module functions and constants
  • Connection Objects
  • Cursor Objects
  • SQLite and Python types
    • Introduction
    • Using adapters to store additional Python types in SQLite databases
      • Letting your object adapt itself
      • Registering an adapter callable
    • Converting SQLite values to custom Python types
    • Default adapters and converters
  • Controlling Transactions
  • Using pysqlite efficiently
    • Using shortcut methods
    • Accessing columns by name instead of by index
    • Using the connection as a context manager