The Python Language Reference¶
This reference manual describes the syntax and “core semantics” of thelanguage. It is terse, but attempts to be exact and complete. The semantics ofnon-essential built-in object types and of the built-in functions and modulesare described inThe Python Standard Library. For an informal introduction to thelanguage, seeThe Python Tutorial. For C or C++ programmers, two additionalmanuals exist:Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter describes the high-level picture of how towrite a Python extension module, and thePython/C API Reference Manual describes theinterfaces available to C/C++ programmers in detail.
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Lexical analysis
- 3. Data model
- 4. Execution model
- 5. The import system
- 6. Expressions
- 6.1. Arithmetic conversions
- 6.2. Atoms
- 6.3. Primaries
- 6.4. Await expression
- 6.5. The power operator
- 6.6. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations
- 6.7. Binary arithmetic operations
- 6.8. Shifting operations
- 6.9. Binary bitwise operations
- 6.10. Comparisons
- 6.11. Boolean operations
- 6.12. Assignment expressions
- 6.13. Conditional expressions
- 6.14. Lambdas
- 6.15. Expression lists
- 6.16. Evaluation order
- 6.17. Operator precedence
- 7. Simple statements
- 7.1. Expression statements
- 7.2. Assignment statements
- 7.3. The
assertstatement - 7.4. The
passstatement - 7.5. The
delstatement - 7.6. The
returnstatement - 7.7. The
yieldstatement - 7.8. The
raisestatement - 7.9. The
breakstatement - 7.10. The
continuestatement - 7.11. The
importstatement - 7.12. The
globalstatement - 7.13. The
nonlocalstatement - 7.14. The
typestatement
- 8. Compound statements
- 9. Top-level components
- 10. Full Grammar specification