gh-139810: Installing withpyinstall3[.x]-dev will now select finalversions as well as prereleases.

gh-140702: The iOS testbed app will now expose theGITHUB_ACTIONSenvironment variable to iOS apps being tested.

gh-137484: HaveTools/wasm/wasi put the build Python into a directorynamed after the build triple instead of “build”.

gh-137248: Add a--logdir option toTools/wasm/wasi for specifyingwhere to write log files.

gh-137243: Have Tools/wasm/wasi detect a WASI SDK install in /opt when itwas directly extracted from a release tarball.

gh-140482: Preserve and restore the state ofsttyecho as part of thetest environment.

gh-140082: Updatepython-mtest to setFORCE_COLOR=1 when beingrun with color enabled so thatunittest which is run by it withredirected output will output in color.

gh-139208: Fix regrtest--fast-ci--verbose: don’t ignore the--verbose option anymore. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-139700: Check consistency of the zip64 end of central directory record.Support records with “zip64 extensible data” if there are no bytesprepended to the ZIP file.

gh-139283:sqlite3: correctly handle maximum number of rows tofetch inCursor.fetchmany and rejectnegative values forCursor.arraysize.Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-137836: Add support of the “plaintext” element, RAWTEXT elements “xmp”,“iframe”, “noembed” and “noframes”, and optionally RAWTEXT element“noscript” inhtml.parser.HTMLParser.

gh-136065: Fix quadratic complexity inos.path.expandvars().

gh-140797: The undocumentedre.Scanner class now forbids regularexpressions containing capturing groups in its lexicon patterns. Patternsusing capturing groups could previously lead to crashes with segmentationfault. Use non-capturing groups (?:…) instead.

gh-140815:faulthandler now detects if a frame or a code object isinvalid or freed. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-140874: Bump the version of pip bundled in ensurepip to version 25.3

gh-120057: Addos.reload_environ() toos.__all__.

gh-140228: Avoid making unnecessary filesystem calls for frozen modules inlinecache when the global module cache is not present.

gh-140590: Fix arguments checking for thefunctools.partial.__setstate__() that may lead to internal statecorruption and crash. Patch by Sergey Miryanov.

gh-140634: Fix a reference counting bug inos.sched_param.__reduce__().

gh-140633: IgnoreAttributeError when setting a module’s__file__ attribute when loading an extension module packaged as AppleFramework.

gh-140593:xml.parsers.expat: Fix a memory leak that could affectusers withElementDeclHandler() set toa custom element declaration handler. Patch by Sebastian Pipping.

gh-140607: Insideio.RawIOBase.read(), validate that the count ofbytes returned byio.RawIOBase.readinto() is valid (inside theprovided buffer).

gh-138162: Fixlogging.LoggerAdapter withmerge_extra=Trueand without theextra argument.

gh-138774:ast.unparse() now generates full source code whenhandlingast.Interpolation nodes that do not have a specifiedsource.

gh-140474: Fix memory leak inarray.array when creating arraysfrom an emptystr and theu type code.

gh-140348: Fix regression in Python 3.14.0 where using the| operatoron atyping.Union object combined with an object that is not atype would raise an error.

gh-140272: Fix memory leak in theclear() method of thedbm.gnu database.

gh-140041: Fix import ofctypes on Android and Cygwin when ABIflags are present.

gh-140120: Fixed a memory leak inhmac when it was using thehacl-star backend. Discovered by@ashm-dev using AddressSanitizer.

gh-139905: Add suggestion to error message fortyping.Genericsubclasses whencls.__parameters__ is missing due to a parent classfailing to callsuper().__init_subclass__() in its__init_subclass__.

gh-139894: Fix incorrect sharing of current task with the child processwhile forking inasyncio. Patch by Kumar Aditya.

gh-139845: Fix to not print KeyboardInterrupt twice in default asyncioREPL.

gh-139783: Fixinspect.getsourcelines() for the case when adecorator is followed by a comment or an empty line.

gh-139809: Prevent premature colorization of subparserprog inargparse.ArgumentParser.add_subparsers() to respect colorenvironment variable changes after parser creation.

gh-139736: Fix excessive indentation in the defaultargparseHelpFormatter. Patch by Alexander Edland.

gh-70765:http.server: fix default handling of HTTP/0.9 requests inBaseHTTPRequestHandler. Previously,BaseHTTPRequestHandler.parse_request() incorrectly waited forheaders in the request although those are not supported in HTTP/0.9. Patchby Bénédikt Tran.

gh-63161: Fixtokenize.detect_encoding(). Support non-UTF-8 shebangand comments if non-UTF-8 encoding is specified. Detect decoding error fornon-UTF-8 encoding. Detect null bytes in source code.

gh-139391: Fix an issue when, on non-Windows platforms, it was notpossible to gracefully exit apython-masyncio process suspended byCtrl+Z and later resumed byfg other than withkill.

gh-101828: Fix'shift_jisx0213','shift_jis_2004','euc_jisx0213' and'euc_jis_2004' codecs truncating null chars asthey were treated as part of multi-character sequences.

gh-139289: Do a real lazy-import onrlcompleter inpdb andrestore the existing completer after importingrlcompleter.

gh-90949: AddSetAllocTrackerActivationThreshold()andSetAllocTrackerMaximumAmplification()toxmlparser objects to prevent use ofdisproportional amounts of dynamic memory from within an Expat parser.Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-139210: Fix use-after-free when reporting unknown event inxml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse(). Patch by Ken Jin.

gh-138860: Lazy importrlcompleter inpdb to avoid deadlockin subprocess.

gh-112729: Fix crash when callingconcurrent.interpreters.create()when the process is out of memory.

gh-135729: Fix unraisable exception during finalization when usingconcurrent.interpreters in the REPL.

gh-139076: Fix a bug in thepydoc module that was hiding functionsin a Python module if they were implemented in an extension module and themodule did not have__all__.

gh-139065: Fix trailing space before a wrapped long word if the linelength is exactlywidth intextwrap.

gh-139001: Fix race condition inpathlib.Path on the internal_raw_paths field.

gh-138813:multiprocessing.BaseProcess defaultskwargs toNone instead of a shared dictionary.

gh-138993: Dedentcredits text.

gh-138891: FixSyntaxError wheninspect.get_annotations(f,eval_str=True) is called on a function annotated with aPEP 646star_expression

gh-130567: Fix possible crash inlocale.strxfrm() due to a platformbug on macOS.

gh-138859: Fix generic type parameterization raising aTypeErrorwhen omitting aParamSpec that has a default which is not a listof types.

gh-138764: Preventannotationlib.call_annotate_function() fromcalling__annotate__ functions that don’t supportVALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS in a fake globals namespace with emptyglobals.

MakeFORWARDREF andSTRING annotations fall back to usingVALUE annotations in the case that neither their own format, norVALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS are supported.

gh-138779: Support device numbers larger than2**63-1 for thest_rdev field of theos.stat_resultstructure.

gh-137706: Fix the partial evaluation of annotations that usetyping.Annotated[T,x] whereT is a forward reference.

gh-88375: Fix normalization of therobots.txt rules and URLs in theurllib.robotparser module. No longer ignore trailing?.Distinguish raw special characters?,= and& from thepercent-encoded ones.

gh-111788: Fix parsing errors in theurllib.robotparser module.Don’t fail trying to parse weird paths. Don’t fail trying to decodenon-UTF-8robots.txt files.

gh-138425: Fix partial evaluation ofannotationlib.ForwardRefobjects which rely on names defined as globals.

gh-138432:zoneinfo.reset_tzpath() will now convert anyos.PathLike objects it receives into strings before adding themtoTZPATH. It will raiseTypeError if anything other than a stringis found after this conversion. If given anos.PathLike objectthat represents a relative path, it will now raiseValueError insteadofTypeError, and present a more informative error message.

gh-138008: Fix segmentation faults in thectypes module due toinvalidargtypes. Patch by Dung Nguyen.

gh-60462: Fixlocale.strxfrm() on Solaris (and possibly otherplatforms).

gh-138239: The REPL now highlightstype as a soft keyword intype statements.

gh-138204: Forbid expansion of shared anonymousmemorymapson Linux, which caused a bus error.

gh-138010: Fix an issue where defining a class with an@warnings.deprecated-decorated base classmay not invoke the correct__init_subclass__() method incases involving multiple inheritance. Patch by Brian Schubert.

gh-138151: Inannotationlib, improve evaluation of forwardreferences to nonlocal variables that are not yet defined when theannotations are initially evaluated.

gh-137317:inspect.signature() now correctly handles classes thatuse a descriptor on a wrapped__init__() or__new__()method. Contributed by Yongyu Yan.

gh-137754: Fix import of thezoneinfo module if the Cimplementation of thedatetime module is not available.

gh-137490: HandleECANCELED in the same way asEINTR insignal.sigwaitinfo() on NetBSD.

gh-137477: Fixinspect.getblock(),inspect.getsourcelines()andinspect.getsource() for generator expressions.

gh-137044: Return large limit values as positive integers instead ofnegative integers inresource.getrlimit(). Accept large values andreject negative values (exceptRLIM_INFINITY) for limitsinresource.setrlimit().

gh-75989:tarfile.TarFile.extractall() andtarfile.TarFile.extract() now overwrite symlinks when extractinghardlinks. (Contributed by Alexander Enrique Urieles Nieto ingh-75989.)

gh-137017: Fixthreading.Thread.is_alive to remainTrue untilthe underlying OS thread is fully cleaned up. This avoids false negativesin edge cases involving thread monitoring or prematurethreading.Thread.is_alive calls.

gh-137273: Fix debug assertion failure inlocale.setlocale() onWindows.

gh-137239:heapq: Updateheapq.__all__ with*_maxfunctions.

gh-81325:tarfile.TarFile now accepts apath-like when working on a tar archive. (Contributed byAlexander Enrique Urieles Nieto ingh-81325.)

gh-137185: Fix a potential async-signal-safety issue infaulthandler when printing C stack traces.

gh-136914: Fix retrieval ofdoctest.DocTest.lineno for objectsdecorated withfunctools.cache() orfunctools.cached_property.

gh-136912:hmac.digest() now properly handles large keys andmessages by falling back to the pure Python implementation when necessary.Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-83424: Allows creating actypes.CDLL without name when passinga handle as an argument.

gh-136234: Fixasyncio.WriteTransport.writelines() to be robust toconnection failure, by using the same behavior aswrite().

gh-136507: Fix mimetypes CLI to handle multiple file parameters.

gh-135386: Fix opening adbm.sqlite3 database for reading fromread-only file or directory.

gh-135444: Fixasyncio.DatagramTransport.sendto() to account fordatagram header size when data cannot be sent.

gh-126631: Fixmultiprocessingforkserver bug which prevented__main__ from being preloaded.

gh-135307:email: Fix exception inset_content() when encodingtext and max_line_length is set to0 orNone (unlimited).

gh-134698: Fix a crash when calling methods ofssl.SSLContext orssl.SSLSocket across multiple threads.

gh-125996: Fix thread safety ofcollections.OrderedDict. Patch byKumar Aditya.

gh-133789: Fix unpickling ofpathlib objects that were pickled inPython 3.13.

gh-127081: Fix libc thread safety issues withdbm by performingstateful operations in critical sections.

gh-132551: Makeio.BytesIO safe infree-threaded build.

gh-131788: MakeResourceTracker.send frommultiprocessingre-entrant safe

gh-118981: Fix potential hang inmultiprocessing.popen_spawn_posixthat can happen when the child proc dies early by closing the child fdsright away.

gh-102431: Clarify constraints for “logical” arguments in methods ofdecimal.Context.

gh-78319: UTF8 support for the IMAP APPEND command has been made RFCcompliant.

bpo-38735: Fix failure when importing a module from the root directory onunix-like platforms with sys.pycache_prefix set.

bpo-41839: Allow negative priority values fromos.sched_get_priority_min() andos.sched_get_priority_max()functions.

gh-96491: Deduplicate version number in IDLE shell title bar after savingto a file.

gh-139742: Colorize t-string prefixes for template strings in IDLE, asdone for f-string prefixes.

gh-140576: Fixed crash intokenize.generate_tokens() in case ofspecific incorrect input. Patch by Mikhail Efimov.

gh-140551: Fixed crash indict ifdict.clear() is called atthe lookup stage. Patch by Mikhail Efimov and Inada Naoki.

gh-140517: Fixed a reference leak when iterating over the result ofmap() withstrict=True when the input iterables have differentlengths. Patch by Mikhail Efimov.

gh-140471: Fix potential buffer overflow inast.AST nodeinitialization when encountering malformed_fieldscontaining non-str.

gh-140431: Fix a crash in Python’sgarbage collector due to partially initializedcoroutine objects whencoroutine origin tracking depth is enabled(sys.set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth()).

gh-140398: Fix memory leaks inreadline functionsread_init_file(),read_history_file(),write_history_file(), andappend_history_file() whenPySys_Audit() fails.

gh-140406: Fix memory leak when an object’s__hash__()method returns an object that isn’t anint.

gh-140358: Restore elapsed time and unreachable object count in GC debugoutput. These were inadvertently removed during a refactor ofgc.c.The debug log now again reports elapsed collection time and the number ofunreachable objects. Contributed by Pål Grønås Drange.

gh-140306: Fix memory leaks in cross-interpreter channel operations andshared namespace handling.

gh-140301: Fix memory leak ofPyConfig in subinterpreters.

gh-140257: Fix data race between interpreter_clear() and take_gil() oneval_breaker during finalization with daemon threads.

gh-139951: Fixes a regression in GC performance for a growing heapcomposed mostly of small tuples.

• Counts number of actually tracked objects, instead of trackable objects.This ensures that untracking tuples has the desired effect of reducing GC overhead.

• Does not track most untrackable tuples during creation.This prevents large numbers of small tuples causing excessive GCs.

gh-140061: Fixing the checking of whether an object is uniquely referencedto ensure free-threaded compatibility. Patch by Sergey Miryanov.

gh-140067: Fix memory leak in sub-interpreter creation.

gh-140000: Fix potential memory leak when a reference cycle exists betweenan instance oftyping.TypeAliasType,typing.TypeVar,typing.ParamSpec, ortyping.TypeVarTuple and its__name__ attribute. Patch by Mikhail Efimov.

gh-139988: Fix a memory leak when failing to create aUnion type. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-139748: Fix reference leaks in error branches of functions acceptingpath strings or bytes such ascompile() andos.system(). Patchby Bénédikt Tran.

gh-139516: Fix lambda colon erroneously start format spec in f-string intokenizer.

gh-139640:ast.parse() no longer emits syntax warnings forreturn/break/continue infinally (seePEP 765) – theyare only emitted during compilation.

gh-139640: Fix swallowing some syntax warnings in different modules ifthey accidentally have the same message and are emitted from the sameline. Fix duplicated warnings in thefinally block.

gh-63161: Support non-UTF-8 shebang and comments in Python source files ifnon-UTF-8 encoding is specified. Detect decoding error in comments fordefault (UTF-8) encoding. Show the line and position of decoding error fordefault encoding in a traceback. Show the line containing the codingcookie when it conflicts with the BOM in a traceback.

gh-116738: Makemmap thread-safe on thefree threaded build.

gh-138558: Fix handling of unusual t-string annotations in annotationlib.Patch by Dave Peck.

gh-134466: Don’t run PyREPL in a degraded environment where settingtermios attributes is not allowed.

gh-138944: FixSyntaxError message when invalid syntax appears onthe same line as a validimport...as... orfrom...import...as... statement. Patch by Brian Schubert.

gh-105487: Remove non-existent__copy__(),__deepcopy__(), and__bases__ from the__dir__() entries oftypes.GenericAlias.

gh-69605: Fix some standard library submodules missing from theREPL auto-completion of imports.

gh-116738: MakecProfile thread-safe on thefree threaded build.

gh-138004: On Solaris/Illumos platforms, thread names are now encoded asASCII to avoid errors on systems (e.g. OpenIndiana) that don’t supportnon-ASCII names.

gh-137433: Fix a potential deadlock in thefree threading buildwhen daemon threads enable or disable profiling or tracing while the mainthread is shutting down the interpreter.

gh-137400: Fix a crash in thefree threading build when disablingprofiling or tracing across all threads withPyEval_SetProfileAllThreads() orPyEval_SetTraceAllThreads() or their Python equivalentsthreading.settrace_all_threads() andthreading.setprofile_all_threads().

gh-58124: Fix name of the Python encoding in Unicode errors of the codepage codec: use “cp65000” and “cp65001” instead of “CP_UTF7” and “CP_UTF8”which are not valid Python code names. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-133400: Fixed Ctrl+D (^D) behavior in _pyrepl module to match oldpre-3.13 REPL behavior.

gh-128640: Fix a crash when using threads inside of a subinterpreter.

gh-140487: FixPy_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED in limited C API 3.11and older: don’t treatPy_NotImplemented as immortal. Patch by VictorStinner.

gh-140153: FixPy_REFCNT() definition on limited C API 3.11-3.13.Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-140768: Warn when the WASI SDK version doesn’t match what’s supported.

gh-140513: Generate a clear compilation error when_Py_TAIL_CALL_INTERP is enabled but eitherpreserve_none ormusttail is not supported.

gh-140189: iOS builds were added to CI.

gh-138489: When cross-compiling for WASI bybuild_wasm orbuild_emscripten, thebuild-details.json step is now included inthe build process, just like with native builds.

This fixes thelibinstall task which requires thebuild-details.json file during the process.

gh-123681: Check thestrftime() behavior at runtime instead of at thecompile time to support cross-compiling. Remove the internal macro_Py_NORMALIZE_CENTURY.

gh-124111: Update macOS installer to use Tcl/Tk 8.6.17.

gh-139573: Updated bundled version of OpenSSL to 3.0.18.

gh-139573: Updated bundled version of OpenSSL to 3.0.18.

gh-139330: SBOM generation tool didn’t cross-check the version andchecksum values against theModules/expat/refresh.sh script, leadingto the values becoming out-of-date during routine updates.

gh-132006: XCframeworks now include privacy manifests to satisfy Apple AppStore submission requirements.

gh-138171: A script for building an iOS XCframework was added. As part ofthis change, the top leveliOS folder has been moved to be asubdirectory of theApple folder.

gh-139400:xml.parsers.expat: Make sure that parent Expat parsersare only garbage-collected once they are no longer referenced bysubparsers created byExternalEntityParserCreate(). Patch bySebastian Pipping.

gh-139312: Upgrade bundled libexpat to 2.7.3

gh-138896: Fix error installing C runtime on non-updated Windows machines

gh-137873: The iOS test runner has been simplified, resolving some issuesthat have been observed using the runner in GitHub Actions and AzurePipelines test environments.

gh-135661: Fix CDATA section parsing inhtml.parser.HTMLParseraccording to the HTML5 standard:]]> and]]> no longer end theCDATA section. Add private method_set_support_cdata() which can beused to specify how to parse<[CDATA[ — as a CDATA section inforeign content (SVG or MathML) or as a bogus comment in the HTMLnamespace.

gh-138998: Update bundled libexpat to 2.7.2

gh-118803: Add backcollections.abc.ByteString andtyping.ByteString. Both had been removed in prior alpha, beta andrelease candidates for Python 3.14, but their removal has now beenpostponed to Python 3.17.

gh-137226: Fixtyping.get_type_hints() calls on generictyping.TypedDict classes defined with string annotations.

gh-138804: RaiseTypeError instead ofAttributeError when anargument of incorrect type is passed toshlex.quote(). This restoresthe behavior of the function prior to 3.14.

gh-128636: Fix crash in PyREPL when os.environ is overwritten with aninvalid value for mac

gh-138514: RaiseValueError when a multi-character string is passedto theecho_char parameter ofgetpass.getpass(). Patch by BenjaminJohnson.

gh-138515:email is added to Emscripten build.

gh-99948:ctypes.util.find_library() now works in Emscripten build.

gh-138253: Add theblock parameter in theput() andget()methods of theconcurrent.interpreters queues for compatibilitywith thequeue.Queue interface.

gh-138133: Prevent infinite traceback loop when sending CTRL^C to Pythonthroughstrace.

gh-134869: Fix an issue where pressing Ctrl+C during tab completion in theREPL would leave the autocompletion menu in a corrupted state.

gh-90548: Fixmusl detection forplatform.libc_ver() on AlpineLinux if compiled with –strip-all.

gh-136134:SMTP.auth_cram_md5() now raises anSMTPException instead of aValueError if Python hasbeen built without MD5 support. In particular,SMTPclients will not attempt to use this method even if the remote server isassumed to support it. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-136134:IMAP4.login_cram_md5 nowraises anIMAP4.error if CRAM-MD5authentication is not supported. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-134953: Expand_colorize theme withkeyword_constant andimplement inrepl.

gh-71810: RaiseOverflowError for(-1).to_bytes() for signedconversions when bytes count is zero. Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.

gh-138192: Fixcontextvars initialization so that allsubinterpreters are assigned theMISSING value.

gh-138479: Fix a crash when a generic object’s__typing_subst__returns an object that isn’t atuple.

gh-138372: FixSyntaxWarning emitted for erroneous subscriptexpressions involvingtemplate string literals. Patchby Brian Schubert.

gh-138318: The default REPL now avoids highlighting built-in names (forinstanceset orformat()) when they are used as attributenames (for instance invalue.set ortext.format).

gh-138349: Fix crash in certain cases where a module contains both amodule-level annotation and a comprehension.

gh-137384: Fix a crash when using thewarnings module in afinalizer at shutdown. Patch by Kumar Aditya.

gh-137883: Fix runaway recursion when calling a function with keywordarguments.

gh-137079: Fix keyword typo recognition when parsing files. Patch by PabloGalindo.

gh-137728: Fix the JIT’s handling of many local variables. This previouslycaused a segfault.

gh-137576: Fix for incorrect source code being shown in tracebacks fromthe Basic REPL whenPYTHONSTARTUP is given. Patch by Adam Hartz.

gh-137450: macOS installer shell path management improvements: separatethe installerShellprofileupdater postinstall script from theUpdateShellProfile.command to enable more robust error handling.

gh-137134: Update macOS installer to ship with SQLite version 3.50.4.

gh-137134: Update Windows installer to ship with SQLite 3.50.4.

gh-137426: Remove the code deprecation ofimportlib.abc.ResourceLoader. It is documented as deprecated, but leftfor backwards compatibility with other classes inimportlib.abc.

gh-137282: Fix tab completion anddir() onconcurrent.futures.

gh-137257: Bump the version of pip bundled in ensurepip to version 25.2

gh-137226: Fix behavior ofannotationlib.ForwardRef.evaluate() whenthetype_params parameter is passed and the name of a type param is alsopresent in an enclosing scope.

gh-130522: Fix unraisableTypeError raised duringinterpreter shutdown in thethreading module.

gh-137059: Fix handling of file URLs with a Windows drive letter in theURL authority byurllib.request.url2pathname(). This fixes aregression in earlier pre-releases of Python 3.14.

gh-130577:tarfile now validates archives to ensure member offsetsare non-negative. (Contributed by Alexander Enrique Urieles Nieto ingh-130577.)

gh-135228: Whendataclasses replaces a class with a slotteddataclass, the original class can now be garbage collected again. Earlierchanges in Python 3.14 caused this class to always remain in existencetogether with the replacement class synthesized bydataclasses.

gh-136155: We are now checking for fatal errors in EPUB builds in CI.

gh-137400: Fix a crash in thefree threading build when disablingprofiling or tracing across all threads withPyEval_SetProfileAllThreads() orPyEval_SetTraceAllThreads() or their Python equivalentsthreading.settrace_all_threads() andthreading.setprofile_all_threads().

gh-137314: Fixed a regression where raw f-strings incorrectly interpretedescape sequences in format specifications. Raw f-strings now properlypreserve literal backslashes in format specs, matching the behavior fromPython 3.11. For example,rf"{obj:\xFF}" now correctly produces'\\xFF' instead of'ÿ'. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

gh-137308: A standalone docstring in a node body is optimized as apass statement to ensure that the node’s body is never empty.There was aValueError incompile() otherwise.

gh-137288: Fix bug where some bytecode instructions of a booleanexpression are not associated with the correct exception handler.

gh-134291: Remove some newer macOS API usage from the JIT compiler inorder to restore compatibility with older OSX 10.15 deployment targets.

gh-131338: Disable computed stack limit checks on non-glibc linuxplatforms to fix crashes on deep recursion.

gh-136870: Fix data races while de-instrumenting bytecode of code objectsrunning concurrently in threads.

gh-137573: Mark_PyOptimizer_Optimize asPy_NO_INLINE toprevent stack overflow crashes on macOS.

gh-132339: Add support for OpenSSL 3.5.

gh-136251: Fixes and usability improvements forTools/wasm/emscripten/web_example

gh-135661: Fix parsing attributes with whitespaces around the=separator inhtml.parser.HTMLParser according to the HTML5standard.

gh-118350: Fix support of escapable raw text mode (elements “textarea” and“title”) inhtml.parser.HTMLParser.

gh-136170: Removed the unreleasedzipfile.ZipFile.data_offset propertyadded in 3.14.0a7 as it wasn’t fully clear which behavior it should havein some situations so the result was not always what a user might expect.

gh-124621: pyrepl now works in Emscripten.

gh-136874: Discard URL query and fragment inurllib.request.url2pathname().

gh-130645: Enable color help by default inargparse.

gh-136549: Fix signature ofthreading.excepthook().

gh-136523: Fixwave.Wave_write emitting an unraisable when openraises.

gh-52876: Add missingkeepends (defaultTrue) parameter tocodecs.StreamReaderWriter.readline() andcodecs.StreamReaderWriter.readlines().

gh-136470: Correctconcurrent.futures.InterpreterPoolExecutor’sdefault thread name.

gh-136476: Fix a bug that was causing theget_async_stack_tracefunction to miss some frames in the stack trace.

gh-136434: Fix docs generation ofUnboundItem inconcurrent.interpreters when running with-OO.

gh-136380: RaisesAttributeError when accessingconcurrent.futures.InterpreterPoolExecutor and subinterpretersare not available.

gh-134759: FixUnboundLocalError inemail.message.Message.get_payload() when the payload to decode is abytes object. Patch by Kliment Lamonov.

gh-134657:asyncio: Remove some private names fromasyncio.__all__.

gh-136801: Fix PyREPL syntax highlighting on match cases after multi-linecase. Contributed by Olga Matoula.

gh-136421: Fix crash when initializingdatetime concurrently.

gh-136541: Fix some issues with the perf trampolines on x86-64 andaarch64. The trampolines were not being generated correctly for somecases, which could lead to the perf integration not working correctly.Patch by Pablo Galindo.

gh-136517: Fixed a typo that prevented printing of uncollectable objectswhen thegc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE mode was set.

gh-136525: Fix issue where per-thread bytecode was not instrumented fornewly created threads.

gh-132661:Interpolation.expression now has a default, the emptystring.

gh-132661: Reflect recentPEP 750 change.

Disallow concatenation ofstring.templatelib.Template andstr. Also, disallow implicit concatenation of t-string literalswith string or f-string literals.

gh-116738: Make functions ingrp thread-safe on thefreethreaded build.

gh-135148: Fixed a bug where f-string debug expressions (using =) wouldincorrectly strip out parts of strings containing escaped quotes and #characters. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

gh-133136: Limit excess memory usage in thefree threading buildwhen a large dictionary or list is resized and accessed by multiplethreads.

gh-91153: Fix a crash when abytearray is concurrently mutatedduring item assignment.

gh-127971: Fix off-by-one read beyond the end of a string in stringsearch.

gh-112068: Revert support of nullable arguments inPyArg_Parse().

gh-133296: New variants for the critical section API that accept one ortwoPyMutex pointers rather thanPyObject instancesare now public in the non-limited C API.

gh-134009: ExposePyMutex_IsLocked() as part of the public C API.

gh-135621: PyREPL no longer depends on thecurses standard library.Contributed by Łukasz Langa.

gh-135968: Stubs forstrip are now provided as part of an iOS install.

gh-133600: Backport file reorganization for Tools/wasm/wasi.

This should make backporting future code changes easier. It alsosimplifies instructions around how to do WASI builds in the devguide.

gh-135966: The iOS testbed now handles theapp_packages folder as asite directory.

gh-135494: Fix regrtest to support excluding tests from--pgo tests.Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-136053:marshal: fix a possible crash when deserializingslice objects.

gh-135661: Fix parsing start and end tags inhtml.parser.HTMLParser according to the HTML5 standard.

• Whitespaces no longer accepted between</ and the tag name.E.g.</script> does not end the script section.

• Vertical tabulation (\v) and non-ASCII whitespaces no longer recognizedas whitespaces. The only whitespaces are\t\n\r\f and space.

• Null character (U+0000) no longer ends the tag name.

• Attributes and slashes after the tag name in end tags are now ignored,instead of terminating after the first> in quoted attribute value.E.g.</script/foo=">"/>.

• Multiple slashes and whitespaces between the last attribute and closing>are now ignored in both start and end tags. E.g.<afoo=bar///>.

• Multiple= between attribute name and value are no longer collapsed.E.g.<afoo==bar> produces attribute “foo” with value “=bar”.

• [Reverted ingh-136927] Whitespaces between the= separator and attribute name or value are nolonger ignored. E.g.<afoo=bar> produces two attributes “foo” and“=bar”, both with value None;<afoo=bar> produces two attributes:“foo” with value “” and “bar” with value None.

gh-102555: Fix comment parsing inhtml.parser.HTMLParseraccording to the HTML5 standard.--!> now ends the comment.-->no longer ends the comment. Support abnormally ended empty comments<--> and<--->.

gh-136286: Fix pickling failures for protocols 0 and 1 for many objectsrealted to subinterpreters.

gh-136316: Improve support for evaluating nested forward references intyping.evaluate_forward_ref().

gh-85702: Ifzoneinfo._common.load_tzdata is given a package without aresource azoneinfo.ZoneInfoNotFoundError is raised rather than aPermissionError. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-136028: Fix parsing month names containing “İ” (U+0130, LATIN CAPITALLETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE) intime.strptime(). This affects localesaz_AZ, ber_DZ, ber_MA and crh_UA.

gh-135995: In the palmos encoding, make byte0x9b decode to›(U+203A - SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK).

gh-53203: Fixtime.strptime() for%c and%x formats onlocales byn_ER, wal_ET and lzh_TW, and for%X format on locales ar_SA,bg_BG and lzh_TW.

gh-91555: An earlier change, which was introduced in 3.14.0b2, has beenreverted. It disabled logging for a logger during handling of log messagesfor that logger. Since the reversion, the behaviour should be as it wasbefore 3.14.0b2.

gh-135878: Fixes a crash oftypes.SimpleNamespace onfreethreading builds, when several threads were calling its__repr__() method at the same time.

gh-135836: FixIndexError inasyncio.loop.create_connection()that could occur when non-OSError exception is raised duringconnection and socket’sclose() raisesOSError.

gh-135836: FixIndexError inasyncio.loop.create_connection()that could occur when the Happy Eyeballs algorithm resulted in an emptyexceptions list during connection attempts.

gh-135855: RaiseTypeError instead ofSystemError when_interpreters.set___main___attrs() is passed a non-dict object.Patch by Brian Schubert.

gh-135815:netrc: skip security checks ifos.getuid() ismissing. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-135640: Address bug where it was possible to callxml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree.write() on an ElementTree objectwith an invalid root element. This behavior blanked the file passed towrite if it already existed.

gh-135645: Addedsupports_isolated_interpreters field tosys.implementation.

gh-135646: Raise consistentNameError exceptions inannotationlib.ForwardRef.evaluate()

gh-135557: Fix races onheapq updates andlist reads onthefree threaded build.

gh-119180: Only fetch globals and locals if necessary inannotationlib.get_annotations()

gh-135561: Fix a crash on DEBUG builds when an HACL* HMAC routine fails.Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-135487: Fixreprlib.Repr.repr_int() when given integers withmore thansys.get_int_max_str_digits() digits. Patch by BénédiktTran.

gh-135335:multiprocessing: Flushstdout andstderr afterpreloading modules in theforkserver.

gh-135069: Fix the “Invalid error handling” exception inencodings.idna.IncrementalDecoder to correctly replace the‘errors’ parameter.

gh-130662: +Accept leading zeros in precision and width fields for+:class:Decimal formatting, for exampleformat(Decimal(1.25),'.016f').

gh-130662: Accept leading zeros in precision and width fields forFraction formatting, for exampleformat(Fraction(1,3),'.016f').

gh-87790: Support underscore and comma as thousands separators in thefractional part forFraction’s formatting. Patch bySergey B Kirpichev.

gh-87790: Support underscore and comma as thousands separators in thefractional part forDecimal’s formatting. Patch bySergey B Kirpichev.

gh-130664: Handle corner-case forFraction’sformatting: treat zero-padding (preceding the width field by a zero('0') character) as an equivalent to a fill character of'0' withan alignment type of'=', just as in case offloat’s.

gh-136155: EPUB builds are fixed by excluding non-XHTML-compatible tags.

gh-109700: Fix memory error handling inPyDict_SetDefault().

gh-78465: Fix error message forcls.__new__(cls,...) wherecls isnot instantiable builtin or extension type (withtp_new set toNULL).

gh-129958: Differentiate between t-strings and f-strings in syntax errorfor newlines in format specifiers of single-quoted interpolated strings.

gh-135871: Non-blocking mutex lock attempts now return immediately whenthe lock is busy instead of briefly spinning in thefree threadingbuild.

gh-135106: Restrict the trashcan mechanism to GC’ed objects and untrackthem while in the trashcan to prevent the GC and trashcan mechanismsconflicting.

gh-135607: Fix potentialweakref races in an object’s destructor onthefree threaded build.

gh-135608: Fix a crash in the JIT involving attributes of modules.

gh-135543: Emitsys.remote_exec audit event whensys.remote_exec() is called and migrateremote_debugger_scripttocpython.remote_debugger_script.

gh-134280: Disable constant folding for~ with a boolean argument.This moves the deprecation warning from compile time to runtime.

gh-135906: Fix compilation errors when compiling the internal headers witha C++ compiler.

gh-134273: Add support for configuring compiler flags for the JIT withCFLAGS_JIT

gh-135099: Fix a crash that could occur on Windows when a backgroundthread waits on aPyMutex while the main thread is shutting downthe interpreter.

gh-132815: Fix test__opcode: addJUMP_BACKWARD to specializationstats.

gh-135489: Show verbose output for failing tests during PGO profiling stepwith –enable-optimizations.

gh-135120: Addtest.support.subTests().

gh-135462: Fix quadratic complexity in processing specially crafted inputinhtml.parser.HTMLParser. End-of-file errors are now handledaccording to the HTML5 specs – comments and declarations areautomatically closed, tags are ignored.

gh-135034: Fixes multiple issues that allowedtarfile extractionfilters (filter="data" andfilter="tar") to be bypassed usingcrafted symlinks and hard links.

AddressesCVE 2024-12718,CVE 2025-4138,CVE 2025-4330, andCVE 2025-4517.

gh-65697:configparser’s error message when attempting to writean invalid key is now more helpful.

gh-135497: Fixos.getlogin() failing for longer usernames onBSD-based platforms.

gh-135429: Fix the argument mismatch in_lsprof forPY_THROWevent.

gh-135368: Fixunittest.mock.Mock generation ondataclasses.dataclass() objects. Now all special attributes are setas it was beforegh-124429.

gh-133967: Do not normalizelocale name ‘C.UTF-8’ to ‘en_US.UTF-8’.

gh-135321: Raise a correct exception for values greater than 0x7ffffffffor theBINSTRING opcode in the C implementation ofpickle.

gh-135276: Backported bugfixes in zipfile.Path from zipp 3.23. Fixed.name,.stem and other basename-based properties on Windows whenworking with a zipfile on disk.

gh-135244:uuid: when the MAC address cannot be determined, the48-bit node ID is now generated with a cryptographically-securepseudo-random number generator (CSPRNG) as perRFC 9562, §6.10.3. This affectsuuid1() anduuid6().

gh-134970: Fix the “unknown action” exception inargparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument_group() to correctly replacethe action class.

gh-134718:ast.dump() now only omitsNone and[] values ifthey are default values.

gh-134939: Add theconcurrent.interpreters module. SeePEP 734.

gh-134885: Fix possible crash in thecompression.zstd modulerelated to setting parameter types. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.

gh-134857: Improve error report fordoctests run withunittest. Removedoctest module frames from tracebacks andredundant newline character from a failure message.

gh-128840: Fix parsing long IPv6 addresses with embedded IPv4 address.

gh-134637: Fix performance regression in calling actypes functionpointer infree threading.

gh-134696: Built-in HACL* and OpenSSL implementations of hash functionconstructors now correctly accept the samedocumented named arguments.For instance,md5() could be previously invoked asmd5(data=data) ormd5(string=string) depending on the underlyingimplementation but these calls were not compatible. Patch by BénédiktTran.

gh-134151:email: FixTypeError inemail.utils.decode_params() when sortingRFC 2231 continuationsthat contain an unnumbered section.

gh-134210:curses.window.getch() now correctly handles signals.Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-134152:email: Fix parsing of email message ID with invaliddomain.

gh-133489:random.getrandbits() can now generate more that 2³¹ bits.random.randbytes() can now generate more that 256MiB.

gh-132813: Improve error messages for incorrect types and values ofcsv.Dialect attributes.

gh-132969: Prevent theProcessPoolExecutorexecutor thread, which remains running whenshutdown(wait=False), from attempting to adjust thepool’s worker processes after the object state has already been resetduring shutdown. A combination of conditions, including a worker processhaving terminated abormally, resulted in an exception and a potential hangwhen the still-running executor thread attempted to replace dead workerswithin the pool.

gh-127081: Fix libc thread safety issues withos by replacinggetlogin withgetlogin_r re-entrant version.

gh-131884: Fix formatting issues injson.dump() when bothindentandskipkeys are used.

gh-130999: Avoid exiting the new REPL and offer suggestions even if thereare non-string candidates when errors occur.

gh-135171: Document that theiterator for the leftmostfor clause in the generator expression is created immediately.

bpo-45210: Document that error indicator may be set in tp_dealloc, and howto avoid clobbering it.

gh-135496: Fix typo in the f-string conversion type error (“exclamanation”-> “exclamation”).

gh-135371: Fixedasyncio debugging tools to properly displayinternal coroutine call stacks alongside external task dependencies. Thepython-masynciops andpython-masynciopstree commands nowshow complete execution context. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

gh-127319: Set theallow_reuse_port class variable toFalse on theXMLRPC, logging, and HTTP servers. This matches the behavior in priorPython releases, which is to not allow port reuse.

gh-135171: Reverts the behavior of async generator expressions whencreated with object w/o __aiter__ method to the pre-3.13 behavior ofraising a TypeError.

gh-130077: Properly raise custom syntax errors when incorrect syntaxcontaining names that are prefixes of soft keywords is encountered. Patchby Pablo Galindo.

gh-135171: Reverts the behavior of generator expressions when created witha non-iterable to the pre-3.13 behavior of raising a TypeError. It is nolonger possible to cause a crash in the debugger by altering the generatorexpression’s local variables. This is achieved by moving theGET_ITERinstruction back to the creation of the generator expression and adding anadditional check toFOR_ITER.

gh-116738: Make methods inheapq thread-safe on thefreethreaded build.

gh-134876: Add support toPEP 768 remote debugging for Linux kernelswhich don’t have CONFIG_CROSS_MEMORY_ATTACH configured.

gh-134889: Fix handling of a few opcodes that leave operands on the stackwhen optimizingLOAD_FAST.

gh-134908: Fix crash when iterating over lines in a text file on thefree threaded build.

gh-132617: Fixdict.update() modification check that couldincorrectly raise a “dict mutated during update” error when a differentdictionary was modified that happens to share the same underlying keysobject.

gh-134679: Fix crash in thefree threading build’s QSBR code thatcould occur when changing an object’s__dict__ attribute.

gh-127682: No longer call__iter__ twice in list comprehensions. Thisbrings the behavior of list comprehensions in line with other forms ofiteration

gh-133912: Fix the C API functionPyObject_GenericSetDict to handleextension classes with inline values.

gh-134989: FixPy_RETURN_NONE,Py_RETURN_TRUE andPy_RETURN_FALSE macros in the limited C API 3.11 and older: don’ttreatPy_None,Py_True andPy_False as immortal. Patch byVictor Stinner.

gh-134989: ImplementPyObject_DelAttr() andPyObject_DelAttrString() as macros in the limited C API 3.12 andolder. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-133968: AddPyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCII() function to write anASCII string into aPyUnicodeWriter. The function is faster thanPyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(), but has an undefined behavior if theinput string contains non-ASCII characters. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-119132: Remove “experimental” tag from the CPython free-threadingbuild.

gh-135497: Fix the detection ofMAXLOGNAME in theconfigure.acscript.

gh-134923: Windows builds with profile-guided optimization enabled now use/GENPROFILE and/USEPROFILE instead of deprecated/LTCG:options.

gh-134774: FixPy_DEBUG macro redefinition warnings on Windowsdebug builds. Patch by Chris Eibl.

gh-134632: Fixedbuild-details.json generation to useINCLUDEPY,in order to reference thepythonX.Y subdirectory of the includedirectory, as required inPEP 739, instead of the top-level includedirectory.

gh-130727: Fix a race in internal calls into WMI that can result in an“invalid handle” exception under high load. Patch by Chris Eibl.

gh-76023: Makeos.path.realpath() ignore Windows error 1005 when innon-strict mode.

gh-133779: Reverts the change to generate differentpyconfig.hfiles based on compiler settings, as it was frequently causing extensionbuilds to break. In particular, thePy_GIL_DISABLED preprocessorvariable must now always be defined explicitly when compiling for theexperimental free-threaded runtime. Thesysconfig.get_config_var()function can be used to determine whether the current runtime was compiledwith that flag or not.

gh-133626: Ensures packages are not accidentally bundled into thetraditional installer.

gh-134215:REPL import autocomplete only suggests private moduleswhen explicitly specified.

gh-133744: Fix multiprocessing interrupt test. Add an event to synchronizethe parent process with the child process: wait until the child processstarts sleeping. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-133682: Fixed test casetest.test_annotationlib.TestStringFormat.test_displays which ensuresproper handling of complex data structures (lists, sets, dictionaries, andtuples) in string annotations.

gh-133639: FixTestPyReplAutoindent.test_auto_indent_default() doesn’truninput_code.

gh-133767: Fix use-after-free in the “unicode-escape” decoder with anon-“strict” error handler.

gh-128840: Short-circuit the processing of long IPv6 addresses early inipaddress to prevent excessive memory consumption and a minordenial-of-service.

gh-132710: If possible, ensure thatuuid.getnode() returns the sameresult even across different processes. Previously, the result wasconstant only within the same process. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-80334:multiprocessing.freeze_support() now checks for work onany “spawn” start method platform rather than only on Windows.

gh-134582: Fix tokenize.untokenize() round-trip errors related tot-strings braces escaping

gh-134546: Ensurepdb remote debugging script is readable by remotePython process.

gh-134451: Convertedasyncio.tools.CycleFoundException from dataclassto a regular exception type.

gh-114177: Fixasyncio to not close subprocess pipes which wouldotherwise error out when the event loop is already closed.

gh-90871: Fixed an off by one error concerning the backlog parameter increate_unix_server(). Contributed by ChristianHarries.

gh-134323: Fix thethreading.RLock.locked() method.

gh-86802: Fixed asyncio memory leak in cancelled shield tasks. Forshielded tasks where the shield was cancelled, log potential exceptionsthrough the exception handler. Contributed by Christian Harries.

gh-134209:curses: Thecurses.window.instr() andcurses.window.getstr() methods now allocate their internal buffer onthe heap instead of the stack; in addition, the max buffer size isincreased from 1023 to 2047.

gh-134235: Updated tab completion on REPL to include builtin modules.Contributed by Tom Wang, Hunter Young

gh-134152: FixedUnboundLocalError that could occur duringemail header parsing if an expected trailing delimiter is missingin some contexts.

gh-134168:http.server: Fix IPv6 address binding and--directory handling when using HTTPS.

gh-62184: Remove import of C implementation ofio.FileIO fromPython implementation which has its own implementation

gh-133982: EmitRuntimeWarning in the Python implementation ofio when thefile-like object is not closedexplicitly in the presence of multiple I/O layers.

gh-133890: Thetarfile module now handlesUnicodeEncodeErrorin the same way asOSError when cannot extract a member.

gh-134097: Fix interaction of the newREPL and-Xshowrefcount command line option.

gh-133889: The generated directory listing page inhttp.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler now only shows the decodedpath component of the requested URL, and not the query and fragment.

gh-134098: Fix handling paths that end with a percent-encoded slash(%2f or%2F) inhttp.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler.

gh-132124: On POSIX-compliant systems,multiprocessing.util.get_temp_dir() now ignoresTMPDIR(and similar environment variables) if the path length ofAF_UNIXsocket files exceeds the platform-specific maximum length when using theforkserver start method.Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-134062:ipaddress: fix collisions in__hash__()forIPv4Network andIPv6Networkobjects.

gh-133970: Makestring.templatelib.Template andstring.templatelib.Interpolation generic.

gh-71253: RaiseValueError inopen() ifopener returns anegative file-descriptor in the Python implementation ofio tomatch the C implementation.

gh-133960: Simplify and improvetyping.evaluate_forward_ref(). Itnow no longer raises errors on certain invalid types. In severalsituations, it is now able to evaluate forward references that werepreviously unsupported.

gh-133925: Make the private classtyping._UnionGenericAlias hashable.

gh-133653: Fixargparse.ArgumentParser with theformatter_classargument. Fix TypeError whenformatter_class is a custom subclass ofHelpFormatter. Fix TypeError whenformatter_class is not asubclass ofHelpFormatter and non-standardprefix_char isused. Fix support of colorizing whenformatter_class is not a subclassofHelpFormatter.

gh-132641: Fixed a race infunctools.lru_cache() underfree-threading.

gh-133783: Fix bug with applyingcopy.replace() toastobjects. Attributes that default toNone were incorrectly treated asrequired for manually created AST nodes.

gh-133684: Fix bug whereannotationlib.get_annotations() wouldreturn the wrong result for certain classes that are part of a classhierarchy wherefrom__future__importannotations is used.

gh-77057: Fix handling of invalid markup declarations inhtml.parser.HTMLParser.

gh-130328: Speedup pasting inPyREPL on Windows in a legacy console.Patch by Chris Eibl.

gh-133701: Fix bug wheretyping.TypedDict classes defined underfrom__future__importannotations and inheriting from anotherTypedDict had an incorrect__annotations__ attribute.

gh-133581: Improve unparsing of t-strings inast.unparse() andfrom__future__importannotations. Empty t-strings now round-tripcorrectly and formatting in interpolations is preserved. Patch by JelleZijlstra.

gh-133551: Support t-strings (PEP 750) inannotationlib. Patchby Jelle Zijlstra.

gh-133439: Fix dot commands with trailing spaces are mistaken formulti-line SQL statements in the sqlite3 command-line interface.

gh-132493: Avoid accessing__annotations__ unnecessarily ininspect.signature().

gh-132876:ldexp() on Windows doesn’t round subnormal results beforeWindows 11, but should. Python’smath.ldexp() wrapper now doesround them, so results may change slightly, in rare cases of very smallresults, on Windows versions before 11.

gh-133009:xml.etree.ElementTree: Fix a crash inElement.__deepcopy__ when the element isconcurrently mutated. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-91555: Ignore log messages generated during handling of log messages,to avoid deadlock or infinite recursion. [NOTE: This change has since beenreverted.]

gh-125028:functools.Placeholder cannot be passed tofunctools.partial() as a keyword argument.

gh-62824: Fix aliases foriso8859_8 encoding. Patch by Dave Goncalves.

gh-86155:html.parser.HTMLParser.close() no longer loses data whenthe<script> tag is not closed. Patch by Waylan Limberg.

gh-69426: Fixhtml.parser.HTMLParser to not unescape characterentities in attribute values if they are followed by an ASCII alphanumericor an equals sign.

bpo-28494: Improve Zip file validation false positive rate inzipfile.is_zipfile().

gh-134381: FixRuntimeError when using a not-startedthreading.Thread after callingos.fork()

gh-127960: PyREPL interactive shell no longer starts with__package__and__file__ global names set to_pyrepl package internals.Contributed by Yuichiro Tachibana.

gh-130397: Remove special-casing for C stack depth limits for WASI. Due toWebAssembly’s built-in stack protection this does not pose a securityconcern.

gh-128066: Fixes an edge case where PyREPL improperly threw an error whenPython is invoked on a read only filesystem while trying to write historyfile entries.

gh-69605: When auto-completing an import in theREPL, finding nocandidates now issues no suggestion, rather than suggestions from thecurrent namespace.

gh-134158: Fix coloring of double braces in f-strings and t-strings in theREPL.

gh-134119: Fix crash when callingnext() on an exhausted templatestring iterator. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.

gh-134100: Fix a use-after-free bug that occurs when an imported moduleisn’t insys.modules after its initial import. Patch byNico-Posada.

gh-133999: FixSyntaxError regression inexcept parsingaftergh-123440.

gh-133886: Fixsys.remote_exec() for non-ASCII paths in non-UTF-8locales and non-UTF-8 paths in UTF-8 locales.

gh-133703: Fix hashtable in dict can be bigger than intended in somesituations.

gh-133778: Fix bug where assigning to the__annotations__attributes of classes defined underfrom__future__importannotationshad no effect.

gh-132762:fromkeys() no longer loops forever when adding asmall set of keys to a large base dict. Patch by Angela Liss.

gh-133541: Inconsistent indentation in user input crashed the new REPLwhen syntax highlighting was active. This is now fixed.

gh-133516: RaiseValueError when constantsTrue,False orNone are used as an identifier after NFKC normalization.

gh-132542: UpdateThread.native_idafterfork(2) to ensure accuracy. Patch by Noam Cohen.

gh-134144: Fix crash when callingPy_EndInterpreter() with athread state that isn’t the initial thread for the interpreter.

gh-134455: Fixedbuild-details.json generation to use the correctc_api.headers as defined inPEP 739, instead ofc_api.include.

gh-131769: Fix detecting when the build Python in a cross-build is apydebug build.

gh-117088: AIX linker don’t support -h option, so avoid it throughplatform check

gh-132930: Marks the installer for Windows as deprecated and updatesdocumentation to cover the new Python install manager.

gh-127405: AddABIFLAGS tosysconfig.get_config_vars() onWindows. Patch by Xuehai Pan.

gh-130453: Allow passing multiple keyword arguments with the same functionname inpygettext.

gh-130195: Add warning messages whenpygettext unimplemented-a/--extract-all option is called.

gh-133131: The iOS testbed will now select the most recently released“SE-class” device for testing if a device isn’t explicitly specified.

gh-91048: Add ability to externally inspect all pending asyncio tasks,even if no task is currently entered on the event loop.

gh-109981: The test helper that counts the list of open file descriptorsnow uses the optimised/dev/fd approach on all Apple platforms, notjust macOS. This avoids crashes caused by guarded file descriptors.

gh-132678: Add--prioritize to-mtest. This option allows theuser to specify which selected tests should execute first, even if theorder is otherwise randomized. This is particularly useful for tests thatrun the longest.

gh-131290: Tests inLib/test can now be correctly executed asstandalone scripts.

gh-115322: The underlying extension modules behindreadline:,subprocess, andctypes now raise audit events on previouslyuncovered code paths that could lead to file system access related to Cfunction calling and external binary execution. Thectypes.call_function audit hook has also been fixed to use an unsignedvalue for itsfunctionpointer.

gh-133490: Add color support to PDB in remote mode.

gh-132493: Avoid eagerly evaluating annotations in functions decoratedwithreprlib.recursive_repr().

gh-130645: Add color to stdlib argparse CLIs. Patch by Hugo van Kemenade.

gh-119180: Makeannotationlib.get_annotations() succeed with theFORWARDREF format if evaluating the annotations throws an exceptionother thanNameError orAttributeError.

gh-133351: Fix remote PDB to correctly request tab completions for Pythonexpressions from the server when completing a continuation line of amulti-line Python block.

gh-133367: Add the--feature-version,--optimize, and--show-empty options to theast command-line interface. Patchby Semyon Moroz.

gh-133363: Thecmd.Cmd class has been fixed to reliably call thecompletedefault method whenever thedo_shell method is not definedand tab completion is requested for a line beginning with!.

gh-113081: Highlight syntax on source code inpdb.

gh-133349: Introduced auto-indent inpdb multi-line input.

gh-133306: Use\z instead of\Z infnmatch.translate() andglob.translate().

gh-133306: Support\z as a synonym for\Z inregularexpressions.

gh-133300: Makeargparse.ArgumentParser’ssuggest_on_error akeyword-only parameter. Patch by Hugo van Kemenade.

gh-133290: Fix attribute caching issue when settingctypes._Pointer._type_ in the undocumented and deprecatedctypes.SetPointerType() function and the undocumentedset_type() method.

gh-133223: When PDB is attached to a remote process, do a better job ofintercepting Ctrl+C and forwarding it to the remote process.

gh-133153: Do not completepdb commands ininteract mode ofpdb.

gh-133139: Add thecurses.assume_default_colors() function, arefinement of thecurses.use_default_colors() function which allowsto change the color pair0.

gh-133089: Use original timeout value forsubprocess.TimeoutExpiredwhen the funcsubprocess.run() is called with a timeout instead ofsometimes a confusing partial remaining time out value used internally onthe finalwait().

gh-133036:codecs.open() is now deprecated. Useopen()instead. Contributed by Inada Naoki.

gh-132987: Many builtin and extension functions which accept an unsignedinteger argument, now use__index__() if available.

gh-124703: Set return code to1 when aborting process frompdb.

gh-133005: Support passingpreset option totarfile.open() whenusing'w|xz' mode.

gh-115032: Support for custom logging handlers with thestrm argument isdeprecated and scheduled for removal in Python 3.16. Define handlers withthestream argument instead. Patch by Mariusz Felisiak.

gh-132991: Addsocket.IP_FREEBIND constant on Linux 2.4 andlater.

gh-132995: Bump the version of pip bundled in ensurepip to version 25.1.1

gh-132933: The zipapp module now applies the filter when creating the listof files to add, rather than waiting until the file is being added to thearchive.

gh-121249: Always support thefloatcomplex anddoublecomplex C types in thestruct module. Patch by Sergey BKirpichev.

gh-132915:fcntl.fcntl() andfcntl.ioctl() can now detect abuffer overflow and raiseSystemError. The stack and memory can becorrupted in such case, so treat this error as fatal.

gh-132017: Fix error whenpyrepl is suspended, then resumed andterminated.

gh-132893: Improvedstatistics.NormalDist.cdf() accuracy for inputssmaller than the mean.

gh-130328: Speedup pasting inPyREPL on Windows. Fix by Chris Eibl.

gh-132882: Fix copying oftyping.Union objects containing objectsthat do not support the| operator.

gh-93696: Fixed the breakpoint display error for frozen modules inpdb.

gh-129965: Add MIME types for.7z,.apk,.deb,.glb,.gltf,.gz,.m4v,.php,.rar,.rpm,.stl and.wmv. Patch by Hugo van Kemenade.

gh-132742:fcntl.fcntl() now supports arbitrarybytes-likeobjects, not onlybytes.fcntl.ioctl()now automatically retries system calls failing with EINTR and releases theGIL during a system call even for large bytes-like object.

gh-132451: The CLI for the PDB debugger now accepts a-pPID argumentto allow attaching to a running process. The process must be running thesame version of Python as the one running PDB.

gh-125618: Add aformat parameter toannotationlib.ForwardRef.evaluate(). Evaluating annotations in theFORWARDREF format now succeeds in more cases that would previouslyhave raised an exception.

gh-132805: Fix incorrect handling of nested non-constant values in theFORWARDREF format inannotationlib.

gh-132734: Add new constants for Bluetoothsockets.

gh-132673: FixAssertionError raised onctypes.Structurewith_align_=0 and_fields_=[].

gh-132578: Rename thethreading.Thread._handle field to avoidshadowing methods defined on subclasses ofthreading.Thread.

gh-132561: Fix the publiclocked method ofmultiprocessing.SemLockclass. Also adding 2 tests for the derivatedmultiprocessing.Lockandmultiprocessing.RLock classes.

gh-121468: Addpdb.set_trace_async() function to supportawait statements inpdb.

gh-132493:typing.Protocol now usesannotationlib.get_annotations() when checking whether or not aninstance implements the protocol withisinstance(). This enablessupport forisinstance checks against classes with deferredannotations.

gh-132536: Do not disablePY_THROW event inbdbbecause it can’t be disabled.

gh-132527: Include the valid typecode ‘w’ in the error message when aninvalid typecode is passed toarray.array.

gh-132099: The Bluetooth socket with theBTPROTO_HCIprotocol on Linux now accepts an address in the format of an integerdevice_id, not only a tuple(device_id,).

gh-81793: Fixos.link() on platforms (like Linux) where the systemlink() function does not follow symlinks. On Linux, it nowfollows symlinks by default or iffollow_symlinks=True is specified.On Windows, it now raises an error iffollow_symlinks=True is passed.On macOS, it now raises an error iffollow_symlinks=False is passedand the systemlinkat() function is not available at runtime.

gh-132493: Support creation oftyping.Protocol classes withannotations that cannot be resolved at class creation time.

gh-132491: Renameannotationlib.value_to_string toannotationlib.type_repr() and provide better handling for functionobjects.

gh-132426: Addannotationlib.get_annotate_from_class_namespace() asa helper for accessing annotations in metaclasses, and removeannotationlib.get_annotate_function.

gh-70145: Add support for channels in Bluetooth HCI protocol(BTPROTO_HCI).

gh-131913: Add a shortcut functionmultiprocessing.Process.interrupt() alongside the existingmultiprocessing.Process.terminate() andmultiprocessing.Process.kill() for an improved control over childprocess termination.

gh-132439: FixPyREPL on Windows: characters entered via AltGr areswallowed. Patch by Chris Eibl.

gh-132429: Fix support of Bluetooth sockets on NetBSD and DragonFly BSD.Add support forcid andbdaddr_type in the BTPROTO_L2CAP address onFreeBSD. Returncid ingetsockname() for BTPROTO_L2CAP if it is notzero.

gh-132106:QueueListener.start now raises aRuntimeErrorif the listener is already started.

gh-132417: Fix aNULL pointer dereference when a C function calledusingctypes withrestypepy_object returnsNULL.

gh-132385: Fix instance error suggestions trigger potential exceptions inobject.__getattr__() intraceback.

gh-125866: Add optionaladd_scheme argument tourllib.request.pathname2url(); when set to true, a complete URL isreturned. Likewise add optionalrequire_scheme argument tourl2pathname(); when set to true, a complete URL isaccepted.

gh-132308: Atraceback.TracebackException now correctly rendersthe__context__ and__cause__ attributes fromfalseyException, and theexceptions attribute from falseyExceptionGroup.

gh-130645: Add colour toargparse help output. Patch by Hugo vanKemenade.

gh-127495: In PyREPL, append a new entry to thePYTHON_HISTORY fileafter every statement. This should preserve command-line history afterinterpreter is terminated. Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.

gh-129463: Comparison ofannotationlib.ForwardRef objects nolonger uses the internal__code__ and__ast_node__ attributes,which are used as caches.

gh-132250: Fixed theSystemError incProfile when locatingthe actual C function of a method raises an exception.

gh-132064:annotationlib.get_annotations() now uses the__annotate__ attribute if it is present, even if__annotations__is not present. Additionally, the function now raises aTypeError if it is passed an object that does not have anyannotatins.

gh-130664: Support the'_' digit separator in formatting of theintegral part ofDecimal’s. Patch by Sergey BKirpichev.

gh-131952: Add color output to thejson CLI. Patch by TomasRoun.

gh-132063: Prevent exceptions that evaluate as falsey (namely, when their__bool__ method returnsFalse or their__len__ method returns0) from being ignored byconcurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutorandconcurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor.

gh-132106:logging.handlers.QueueListener now implements thecontext manager protocol, allowing it to be used in awithstatement.

gh-132054: Theapplication/yaml mime type (RFC 9512) is nowsupported bymimetypes. Patch by Sasha “Nelie” Chernykh and Hugovan Kemenade.

gh-119605: Respectfollow_wrapped for__init__() and__new__() methods when getting the class signature for a class withinspect.signature(). Preserve class signature after wrapping withwarnings.deprecated(). Patch by Xuehai Pan.

gh-118761: Improve import times by up to 33x for theshlex module,and improve the performance ofshlex.quote() by up to 12x. Patch byAdam Turner.

gh-85302: Add support forBTPROTO_SCO in sockets onFreeBSD.

gh-131757: Makefunctools.lru_cache() call the cached functionunlocked to allow concurrency.

gh-131423:ssl can show descriptions for errors added in OpenSSL3.4.1. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-131434: Improve error reporting for incorrect format intime.strptime().

gh-131524: Add help message toplatform command-line interface.Contributed by Harry Lees.

gh-100926: Movectypes.POINTER() types cache from a global internalcache (_pointer_type_cache) to thectypes._CData.__pointer_type__ attribute of the correspondingctypes types. This will stop the cache from growing without limitsin some situations.

gh-85702: Ifzoneinfo._common.load_tzdata is given a package without aresource aZoneInfoNotFoundError is raised rather than aIsADirectoryError.

gh-123471: Make concurrent iterations overitertools.repeat safeunder free-threading.

gh-131127: Systems using LibreSSL now successfully build.

gh-89157: Make the pure Python implementation ofdatetime.date.fromisoformat(), only accept ASCII strings forconsistency with the C implementation.

gh-130941: Fixconfigparser.ConfigParser parsing emptyinterpolation withallow_no_value set toTrue.

gh-110067: Makeheapq max-heap functionsheapq.heapify_max(),heapq.heappush_max(),heapq.heappop_max(), andheapq.heapreplace_max() public. Previous underscored naming is keptfor backwards compatibility. Additionally, the missing functionheapq.heappushpop_max() has been added to both the C and Pythonimplementations.

gh-129098: Fix REPL traceback reporting when usingcompile() with aninexisting file. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-130631:http.cookiejar.join_header_words() is now more similarto the original Perl version. It now quotes the same set of characters andalways quote values that end with"\n".

gh-130482: Add ability to specify name fortkinter.OptionMenuandtkinter.ttk.OptionMenu.

gh-77065: Add keyword-only optional argumentecho_char forgetpass.getpass() for optional visual keyboard feedback support.Patch by Semyon Moroz.

gh-130317: FixPyFloat_Pack2() andPyFloat_Unpack2() forNaN’s with payload. This corrects round-trip forstruct.unpack()andstruct.pack() in case of the IEEE 754 binary16 “half precision”type. Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.

gh-130402: Joining running daemon threads during interpreter shutdown nowraisesPythonFinalizationError.

gh-130167: Improve speed ofdifflib.IS_LINE_JUNK(). Patch by SemyonMoroz.

gh-101410: Added more detailed messages for domain errors in themath module.

gh-128384: Makewarnings.catch_warnings use a context variablefor holding the warning filtering state if thesys.flags.context_aware_warnings flag is set to true. This makesusing the context manager thread-safe in multi-threaded programs. Theflag is true by default in free-threaded builds and is otherwise false.The value of the flag can be overridden by the the-Xcontext_aware_warnings command-line option or by thePYTHON_CONTEXT_AWARE_WARNINGS environment variable.

gh-129719: Fix missingsocket.CAN_RAW_ERR_FILTER constant in thesocket module on Linux systems. It was missing since Python 3.11.

gh-129027: RaiseDeprecationWarning forsys._clear_type_cache(). This function was deprecated in Python 3.13but it didn’t raise a runtime warning.

gh-128307: Addeager_start keyword argument toasyncio.loop.create_task()

gh-127604: Add support for printing the C stack trace on systems thatsupport it viafaulthandler.dump_c_stack() or via thec_stackargument infaulthandler.enable().

gh-127385: Add theF_DUPFD_QUERY constant to thefcntl module.

gh-126838: Addresolve_host keyword-only parameter tourllib.request.url2pathname(), and fix handling of file URLs withauthorities.

gh-82129: FixNameError when callingtyping.get_type_hints()on adataclasses.dataclass() created bydataclasses.make_dataclass() with un-annotated fields.

gh-122559: Remove__reduce__() and__reduce_ex__() methodsthat always raiseTypeError in the C implementation ofio.FileIO,io.BufferedReader,io.BufferedWriterandio.BufferedRandom and replace them with default__getstate__() methods that raiseTypeError. This restoresfine details of behavior of Python 3.11 and older versions.

gh-122179:hashlib.file_digest() now raisesBlockingIOErrorwhen no data is available during non-blocking I/O. Before, it addedspurious null bytes to the digest.

gh-53032: Exposedecimal.IEEEContext() to support creation ofcontexts corresponding to the IEEE 754 (2008) decimal interchange formats.Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.

gh-120220: Deprecate thetkinter.Variable methodstrace_variable(),trace_vdelete() andtrace_vinfo().Methodstrace_add(),trace_remove() andtrace_info()can be used instead.

gh-113539:webbrowser: Names in theBROWSER environmentvariable can now refer to already registered web browsers, instead ofalways generating a new browser command.

This makes it possible to setBROWSER to the value of one of thesupported browsers on macOS.

bpo-44172: Keep a reference to originalcurses windows insubwindows so that the original window does not get deleted beforesubwindows.

gh-75223: Deprecate undotted extensions inmimetypes.MimeTypes.add_type(). Patch by Hugo van Kemenade.

gh-112936: fix IDLE: no Shell menu item in single-process mode.

gh-107006: Move documentation and example code forthreading.local from its docstring to the official docs.

gh-125142: As part of the builtin help intro text, show the keyboardshortcuts for the new, non-basic REPL (F1, F2, and F3).

gh-133336:-J is no longer reserved for use by Jython. Patch byAdam Turner.

gh-133261: Fix bug where the cycle GC could untrack objects in thetrashcan because they looked like they were immortal. When objects areadded to the trashcan, we take care to ensure they keep a mortal referencecount.

gh-133346: Added experimental color theming support to the_colorizemodule.

gh-132917: For the free-threaded build, check the process memory usageincrease before triggering a full automatic garbage collection. If thememory used has not increased 10% since the last collection then defer it.

gh-91048: Add a newpython-masynciopsPID command-line interface toinspect asyncio tasks in a running Python process. Displays a flat tableof await relationships. A variant showing a tree view is also available aspython-masynciopstreePID. Both are useful for debugging asynccode. Patch by Pablo Galindo, Łukasz Langa, Yury Selivanov, and MartaGomez Macias.

gh-133304: Workaround NaN’s “canonicalization” inPyFloat_Pack4()andPyFloat_Unpack4() on RISC-V.

gh-133197: ImproveSyntaxError error messages for incompatiblestring / bytes prefixes.

gh-133231: Add new utilities of observing JIT compilation:sys._jit.is_available(),sys._jit.is_enabled(), andsys._jit.is_active().

gh-133194:ast.parse() will no longer parse newPEP 758 syntaxwith olderfeature_version passed.

gh-131798: SplitCALL_LEN into several uops allowing the JIT to removethem when optimizing. Patch by Diego Russo.

gh-131798: Usesym_new_type instead ofsym_new_not_null for_BUILD_STRING, _BUILD_SET

gh-132942: Fix two races in the type lookup cache. This affected thefree-threaded build and could cause crashes (apparently quite difficult totrigger).

gh-131798: Propagate the return type of_BINARY_OP_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT inJIT. Patch by Tomas Roun

gh-132952: Speed up startup with the-S argument by importing theprivate_io module instead ofio. This fixes a performanceregression introduced earlier in Python 3.14 development and restoresperformance to the level of Python 3.13.

gh-131798: Allow the JIT to remove int guards after_CALL_LEN bysetting the return type to int. Patch by Diego Russo

gh-131798: SplitCALL_TUPLE_1 into several uops allowing the JIT toremove some of them. Patch by Tomas Roun

gh-131798: SplitCALL_STR_1 into several uops allowing the JIT toremove some of them. Patch by Tomas Roun

gh-132825: Enhance unhashable key/element error messages fordictandset. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-131591: Reset anyPEP 768 remote debugging pending call in childrenafteros.fork() calls.

gh-132713: Fixrepr(list) race condition: hold a strong reference tothe item while callingrepr(item). Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-132661: ImplementPEP 750 (Template Strings). Add new syntax fort-strings and implement new internalstring.templatelib.Templateandstring.templatelib.Interpolation types.

gh-132479: Fix compiler crash in certain circumstances where multiplemodule-level annotations include comprehensions and other nested scopes.

gh-132747: Fix a crash when calling__get__() of amethod with aNone second argument.

gh-132744: Certain calls now check for runaway recursion and respect thesystem recursion limit.

gh-132449: Syntax errors that look like misspellings of Python keywordsnow provide a helpful fix suggestion for the typo. Contributed by PabloGalindo Salgado.

gh-132737: Support profiling code that requires__main__, such aspickle.

gh-132639: AddedPyLong_AsNativeBytes(),PyLong_FromNativeBytes() andPyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes() to the limited C API.

gh-100239: Add specialisation forBINARY_OP/SUBSCR on list and slice.

gh-132508: Uses tagged integers on the evaluation stack to represent theinstruction offsets when reraising an exception. This avoids the need tobox the integer which could fail in low memory conditions.

gh-124476: Fix decoding from the locale encoding in the C.UTF-8 locale.

gh-131927: Compiler warnings originating from the same module and linenumber are now only emitted once, matching the behaviour of warningsemitted from user code. This can also be configured withwarningsfilters.

gh-132457: Makestaticmethod() andclassmethod() generic.

gh-131798: Usesym_new_type instead ofsym_new_not_null for_BUILD_LIST, _BUILD_SET, _BUILD_MAP

gh-131798: SplitCALL_TYPE_1 into several uops allowing the JIT toremove some of them.

gh-132386: Fix crash when passing a dict subclass as theglobalsparameter toexec().

gh-127682: No longer call__iter__ twice when creating and executing agenerator expression. Creating a generator expression from a non-interablewill raise only when the generator expression is executed. This brings thebehavior of generator expressions in line with other generators.

gh-132261: The internal storage for annotations and annotate functions onclasses now uses different keys in the class dictionary. This eliminatesvarious edge cases where access to the__annotate__ and__annotations__ attributes would behave unpredictably.

gh-132284: Don’t wrap basePyCFunction slots on class creation if notoverridden.

gh-130415: Improve the JIT’s ability to remove unused constant and localvariable loads, and fix an issue where deallocating unused values couldcause JIT code to crash or behave incorrectly.

gh-126703: Fix possible use after free in cases where a method’sdefinition has the same lifetime as itsself.

gh-132286: Fix thattype.__annotate__ was not deleted, whentype.__annotations__ was deleted.

gh-131798: Allow the JIT to remove an extra_TO_BOOL_BOOL instructionafter_CONTAINS_OP_DICT by setting the return type to bool.

gh-124715: Prevents against stack overflows when callingPy_DECREF(). Third-party extension objects no longer need to usethe “trashcan” mechanism, as protection is now built into thePy_DECREF() macro.

gh-131798: Allow the JIT compiler to remove some type checks foroperations on lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets.

gh-128398: Improve error message when an object supporting the synchronous(resp. asynchronous) context manager protocol is entered usingasyncwith (resp.with) instead ofwith(resp.asyncwith). Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-131798: Allow the JIT to remove unicode guards after_BINARY_OP_SUBSCR_STR_INT by setting the return type to string.

gh-131878: Handle uncaught exceptions in the main input loop for the newREPL.

gh-131878: Fix support of unicode characters with two or more codepointson Windows in the new REPL.

gh-126835: Move constant folding to the peephole optimizer. Rename ASToptimization related files (Python/ast_opt.c -> Python/ast_preprocess.c),structs (_PyASTOptimizeState -> _PyASTPreprocessState) and functions(_PyAST_Optimize -> _PyAST_Preprocess, _PyCompile_AstOptimize ->_PyCompile_AstPreprocess).

gh-114809: Add support for macOS multi-arch builds with the JIT enabled

gh-131507: PyREPL now supports syntax highlighting. Contributed by ŁukaszLanga.

gh-130907: If the__annotations__ of a module object are accessedwhile the module is executing, return the annotations that have beendefined so far, without caching them.

gh-130104: Three-argumentpow() now try calling__rpow__() if necessary. Previously it was only called intwo-argumentpow() and the binary power operator.

gh-130070: Fixed an assertion error forexec() passed a stringsource and a non-Noneclosure. Patch by Bartosz Sławecki.

gh-129958: Fix a bug that was allowing newlines inconsistently in formatspecifiers for single-quoted f-strings. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

gh-129858:elif statements that follow anelse block now have aspecific error message.

gh-69605: Add module autocomplete to PyREPL.

gh-128555: Add thesys.flags.thread_inherit_context flag.

• This flag is set to true by default on the free-threaded buildand false otherwise. If the flag is true, starting a new thread usingthreading.Thread will, by default, use a copy of thecontextvars.Context from the caller ofthreading.Thread.start() rather than using an empty context.

• Add the-Xthread_inherit_context command-line option andPYTHON_THREAD_INHERIT_CONTEXT environment variable, which set thethread_inherit_context flag.

• Add thecontext keyword parameter toThread. It canbe used to explicitly pass a context value to be used by a new thread.

• Make the_contextvars module built-in.

gh-123539: ImproveSyntaxError message for usingimport...asandfrom...import...as with not a name.

gh-102567:-Ximporttime now accepts value2, whichindicates that animporttime entry should also be printed if animported module has already been loaded. Patch by Noah Kim and AdamTurner.

gh-116436: Improve error message whenTypeError occurs duringdict.update()

gh-103997: String arguments passed to “-c” are now automatically dedentedas if bytextwrap.dedent(). This allows “python -c” invocations tobe indented in shell scripts without causing indentation errors. (Patch byJon Crall and Steven Sun)

gh-89562: Removehostflags member fromPySSLContext struct.

gh-133166: Fix regression wherePyType_GetModuleByDef() returnsNULL without settingTypeError when a static type is passed.

gh-133164: AddPyUnstable_Object_IsUniqueReferencedTemporary()function for determining if an object exists as a unique temporaryvariable on the interpreter’s stack. This is a replacement for some caseswhere checking thatPy_REFCNT() is one is no longer sufficient todetermine if it’s safe to modify a Python object in-place with no visibleside effects.

gh-133140: AddPyUnstable_Object_IsUniquelyReferenced() as areplacement forPy_REFNCT(op)==1 onfree threaded builds of Python.

gh-131747: On non-Windows platforms, deprecate usingctypes.Structure._pack_ to use a Windows-compatible layout onnon-Windows platforms. The layout should be specified explicitly bysettingctypes.Structure._layout_ to'ms'.

gh-128972: For non-free-threaded builds, the memory layout ofPyASCIIObject is reverted to match Python 3.13. (Note that thestructure is not part of stable ABI and so its memory layout isguaranteed to remain stable.)

gh-133079: The undocumented APIsPy_C_RECURSION_LIMIT andPyThreadState.c_recursion_remaining, added in 3.13, areremoved without a deprecation period.

gh-132987: Thek andK formats inPyArg_Parse() nowsupport the__index__() special method, like all otherinteger formats.

gh-132909: Fix an overflow when handling theK format inPy_BuildValue(). Patch byBénédikt Tran.

gh-132798: Deprecated and undocumented functionsPyUnicode_AsEncodedObject(),PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject(),PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode() andPyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode() are scheduled for removal in 3.15.

gh-132470: Creating actypes.CField with abyte_size that doesnot match the actual type size now raises aValueError instead ofcrashing the interpreter.

gh-112068: [Reverted ingh-136991] Add support of nullable arguments inPyArg_Parse() and similar functions. Adding? after any formatunit makesNone be accepted as a value.

gh-50333: Non-tuple sequences are deprecated as argument for the(items) format unit inPyArg_ParseTuple() and otherargument parsing functions ifitems contains formatunits which store aborrowed buffer or aborrowed reference.

gh-113464: Use the cpython-bin-deps “externals” repository for WindowsLLVM dependency management. Installing LLVM manually is no longernecessary for Windows JIT builds.

gh-133183: iOS compiler shims now includeIPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGETin target triples, ensuring that SDK version minimums are honored.

gh-133167: Fix compilation process with--enable-optimizations and--without-docstrings.

gh-133171: Since free-threaded builds do not support the experimental JITcompiler, prevent these configurations from being combined.

gh-132758: Fix building with tail call interpreter and pystats.

gh-132649: ThePClayout script now allows passing--include-tcltk on Windows ARM64.

gh-132257: Change the default LTO flags on GCC to not pass-flto-partition=none, and allow parallelization of LTO. For newer GNUmakes and GCC, this has a multiple factor speedup for LTO build times,with no noticeable loss in performance.

gh-132026: Fix use of undefined identifiers in platform triplet detectionon MIPS Linux platforms.

gh-124111: Update macOS installer to use Tcl/Tk 8.6.16.

gh-131423: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 3.0.16. Patch by BénédiktTran.

gh-131025: Update macOS installer to ship with SQLite 3.49.1.

gh-131423: Update bundled version of OpenSSL to 3.0.16. The new build alsodisables uplink support, which may be relevant to embedders but has noimpact on normal use.

gh-131453: SomeSND_* andMB_* constants are added towinsound.

gh-91349: Replaces our copy ofzlib withzlib-ng, for performanceimprovements inzlib.

gh-131025: Update Windows installer to ship with SQLite 3.49.1.

gh-132121: Always escape non-printable Unicode characters inpygettext.

gh-131852:msgfmt no longer adds thePOT-Creation-Date togenerated.mo files for consistency with GNUmsgfmt.

gh-131277: Allow to unset one or more environment variables at once viaEnvironmentVarGuard.unset(). Patch by BénédiktTran.

gh-131050:test_ssl.test_dh_params is skipped if the underlying TLSlibrary does not support finite-field ephemeral Diffie-Hellman.

gh-131809: Update bundled libexpat to 2.7.1

gh-131261: Upgrade to libexpat 2.7.0

gh-121284: Fix bug in the folding of rfc2047 encoded-words when flatteningan email message using a modern email policy. Previously when anencoded-word was too long for a line, it would be decoded, split acrosslines, and re-encoded. But commas and other special characters in theoriginal text could be left unencoded and unquoted. This couldtheoretically be used to spoof header lines using a carefully constructedencoded-word if the resulting rendered email was transmitted or re-parsed.

gh-132174: Fix function name in error message of_interpreters.run_string.

gh-132171: Fix crash of_interpreters.run_string on string subclasses.

gh-129204: Introduce new_PYTHON_SUBPROCESS_USE_POSIX_SPAWNenvironment variable knob insubprocess to control the use ofos.posix_spawn().

gh-132159: Do not shadow user arguments in generated__new__() bydecoratorwarnings.deprecated. Patch by Xuehai Pan.

gh-132168: Thectypes.py_object type now supports subscription,making it ageneric type.

gh-84481: Add thezipfile.ZipFile.data_offset attribute, whichstores the offset to the beginning of ZIP data in a file when available.When thezipfile.ZipFile is opened in either mode'w' or'x' and the underlying file does not supporttell(), the valuewill beNone instead.

gh-132075: Fix possible use ofsocket address structures withuninitialized members. Now all structure members are initialized withzeroes by default.

gh-118761: Improve import times by up to 27x for thestring module.Patch by Adam Turner.

gh-125434: Display thread name infaulthandler. Patch by VictorStinner.

gh-132002: Fix crash when deallocatingcontextvars.ContextVarwith weird unahashable string names.

gh-131938:xml.etree.ElementTree: update the error message when anelement to remove viaElement.remove is not found. Patch by BénédiktTran.

gh-115942: Addthreading.RLock.locked(),multiprocessing.Lock.locked(),multiprocessing.RLock.locked(),and allowmultiprocessing.managers.SyncManager.Lock() andmultiprocessing.managers.SyncManager.RLock() to proxylocked()call.

gh-131974: Fix several thread-safety issues inctypes on thefree threaded build.

gh-118761: Improve the import time of theast module by extractingtheunparse() function to a helper module.

gh-107369: Improved performance oftextwrap.indent() by an averageof ~1.3x. Patch by Adam Turner.

gh-131792: Improved performance oftextwrap.dedent() by an averageof ~2.4x, (with improvements of up to 4x for large inputs), and fixed abug where blank lines with whitespace characters other than space orhorizontal tab were not normalised to the newline. Patch by Adam Turner,Marius Juston, and Pieter Eendebak.

gh-131668:socket: Fix code parsing AF_BLUETOOTH socket addresses.

gh-60115: Support frozen modules forlinecache.getline().

gh-131492: Fix a resource leak when constructing agzip.GzipFilewith a filename fails, for example when passing an invalidcompresslevel.

gh-131435: 10-20% performance improvement ofrandom.randint().

gh-131461: FixResourceWarning when constructing agzip.GzipFile in write mode with a broken file object.

gh-125866: Deprecate thenturl2path module. Callurllib.request.url2pathname() andpathname2url() instead.

gh-126367: Fix issue whereurllib.request.url2pathname() raisedOSError when given a Windows URI containing a colon character notfollowing a drive letter, such as before an NTFS alternate data stream.

gh-120144: DisableCALL event inbdb inmonitoring backendwhen we don’t need any new events on the code object to get a betterperformance.

gh-131358: Registercseuckr as an encoding alias foreuc_kr.

gh-131325: Fix sendfile fallback implementation to drain data afterwriting to transport inasyncio.

gh-90548:platform.libc_ver() can now detect and report the versionofmusl on Alpine Linux.

gh-129843: Fix incorrect argument passing inwarnings.warn_explicit().

gh-70647: When creating adatetime object with an out of range datea more informative error is raised.

gh-130914: Allowgraphlib.TopologicalSorter.prepare() to be calledmore than once as long as sorting has not started. Patch by Daniel Pope.

gh-131236: Allow to generate multiple UUIDs at once viapython-muuid--count.

gh-126895: Fixreadline infree-threadedbuild.

gh-121468:$_asynctask is added as apdb convenience variableto access the current asyncio task if applicable.

gh-118761: Improve import time oflocale using lazy importre.Patch by Semyon Moroz.

gh-129598: Fixast.unparse() whenast.Interactive containsmultiple statements.

gh-85162: Thehttp.server module now includes built-in support forHTTPS servers exposed byhttp.server.HTTPSServer. Thisfunctionality is exposed by the command-line interface (python-mhttp.server) through the--tls-cert,--tls-key and--tls-password-file options. Patch by Semyon Moroz.

gh-129463: The implementations of equality and hashing forannotationlib.ForwardRef now use all attributes on the object.TwoForwardRef objects are equal only if all attributes areequal.

gh-128593:annotationlib.ForwardRef objects no longer cache theirvalue when they are successfully evaluated. Successive calls toannotationlib.ForwardRef.evaluate() may return different values.

gh-117779: Fix reading duplicated entries inzipfile by name.Reading duplicated entries (except the last one) byZipInfo now emitsa warning instead of raising an exception.

gh-128715: The class ofStructure/Unionfield descriptors is now available asCField, and has newattributes to aid debugging and introspection.

gh-128055: Fixtest.test_sysconfig.test_sysconfigdata_json whenrunning outside the build directory (eg. after installing).

gh-126037:xml.etree.ElementTree: Fix a crash inElement.find,Element.findtext andElement.findall when thetag to find implements an__eq__() method mutating theelement being queried. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-127794: When headers are added toemail.message.Messageobjects, either throughemail.message.Message.__setitem__() oremail.message.Message.add_header(), the field name is now validatedaccording toRFC 5322, Section 2.2 and aValueError is raised if the field name contains any invalidcharacters.

gh-123599: Deprecatepathlib.PurePath.as_uri(); usepathlib.Path.as_uri() instead.

gh-126033:xml.etree.ElementTree: Fix a crash inElement.remove when theelement is concurrently mutated. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-120144: Add the optional backend ofsys.monitoring tobdband use it forpdb.

gh-74598: Addfnmatch.filterfalse() for excluding names matching apattern. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-114917: Add support for AI_NUMERICSERV in getaddrinfo emulation

bpo-17254: Added aliases for Thai Language using Microsoft Code Pages.

gh-131417: Mentionasyncio.Future andasyncio.Task ingeneric classes list.

gh-131798: Allow the JIT to remove an extra_TO_BOOL_BOOL instructionafter_CONTAINS_OP_SET by setting the return type to bool.

gh-132011: Fix crash when callinglist.append() as an unboundmethod.

gh-131998: Fix a crash when using an unbound methoddescriptorobject in a function where a bound method descriptor was used.

gh-131591: ImplementPEP 768 (Safe external debugger interface forCPython). Add a newsys.remote_exec() function to thesysmodule. This function schedules the execution of a Python file in aseparate process. Patch by Pablo Galindo, Matt Wozniski and IvonaStojanovic.

gh-131798: Allow JIT to omit str guard in truthiness test when str type isknown.

gh-131833: Add support for optionally dropping grouping parentheses whenusing multiple exception types as perPEP 758. Patch by Pablo Galindo

gh-130924: Usage of a name in a function-scope annotation no longertriggers creation of a cell for that variable. This fixes a regression inearlier alphas of Python 3.14.

gh-131800: Improve the experimental JIT’s ability to remove type checksfor certain subscripting operations.

gh-131738: Compiler emits optimized code for builtin any/all/tuple callsover a generator expression.

gh-131719: Fix missing NULL check in_PyMem_FreeDelayed infree-threaded build.

gh-131670: Fixanext() failing on sync__anext__()raising an exception.

gh-131666: Fix signature ofanext_awaitable.close objects. Patch byBénédikt Tran.

gh-130415: Optimize comparison of two constants in JIT builds

gh-129149: Add fast path for small and medium-size integers inPyLong_FromInt32(),PyLong_FromUInt32(),PyLong_FromInt64() andPyLong_FromUInt64(). Patch by ChrisEibl.

gh-130887: Optimize the AArch64 code generation for the JIT. Patch byDiego Russo

gh-130956: Optimize the AArch64 code generation for the JIT. Patch byDiego Russo

gh-130928: Fix error message when formatting bytes using the'i' flag.Patch by Maxim Ageev.

gh-130935: Annotations at the class and module level that areconditionally defined are now only reflected in__annotations__ if theblock they are in is executed. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.

gh-130775: Do not crash on negativecolumn andend_column inast locations.

gh-130704: OptimizeLOAD_FAST and its superinstruction form to reducereference counting overhead. These instructions are replaced with fastervariants that load borrowed references onto the operand stack when we canprove that the reference in the frame outlives the reference loaded ontothe stack.

gh-88887: Fixing multiprocessing Resource Tracker process leaking, usuallyobserved when running Python as PID 1.

gh-130115: Fix an issue with thread identifiers being sign-extended onsome platforms.

gh-99108: Add support for built-in implementation of HMAC (RFC 2104)based on HACL*. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-130080: Implement PEP 765: Disallow return/break/continue that exit afinally block.

gh-129900: Fix return codes insideSystemExit not getting returnedby the REPL.

gh-128632: Disallow__classdict__ as the name of a type parameter.Using this name would previously crash the interpreter in somecircumstances.

gh-126703: Improve performance of builtin methods by using a freelist.

gh-126703: Improve performance ofrange by using a freelist.

gh-131740: Update PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects to traverse perm gen.

gh-131525: The PyTupleObject now caches the computed hash value in the newfield ob_hash.

gh-131865: The DTrace build now properly passes theCC andCFLAGSvariables to thedtrace command when utilizing SystemTap on Linux.

gh-131675: Fix mimalloc library builds for 32-bit ARM targets.

gh-131691: clang-cl on Windows needs option/EHa to support SEH(structured exception handling) correctly. Fix by Chris Eibl.

gh-131278: Add optimizing flagWITH_COMPUTED_GOTOS to Windows buildsfor when using a compiler that supports it (currently clang-cl). Patch byChris Eibl.

gh-130213: Update the vendored HACL* library to fix build issues witholder clang compilers.

gh-130673: Fix potentialKeyError when handling object sections duringJIT building process.

gh-128540: Ensure web browser is launched bywebbrowser.open() onmacOS, even forfile:// URLs.

gh-131020:pylauncher correctly detects a BOMwhen searching for the shebang. Fix by Chris Eibl.

gh-130453: Make it possible to override default keywords inpygettext.

gh-85012: Correctly resetmsgctxt when compiling messages inmsgfmt.

gh-130453: Extend support for specifying custom keywords inpygettext.

gh-130195: Add warning messages whenpygettext unimplemented-a/--extract-all option is called.

gh-130057: Add support for translator comments inpygettext.py.

gh-130025: The iOS testbed now correctly handles symlinks used as Pythonframework references.

gh-129911: Fix the keyword entry in the help output ofpygettext.

gh-129200: Multiple iOS testbed runners can now be started at the sametime without introducing an ambiguity over simulator ownership.

gh-130292: The iOS testbed will now run successfully on a machine that hasnot previously run Xcode tests (such as CI configurations).

gh-130293: The tests of terminal colorization are no longer sensitive tothe value of theTERM variable in the testing environment.

gh-129401: Fix a flaky test intest_repr_rlock that checks therepresentation ofmultiprocessing.RLock.

gh-126332: Add unit tests for pyrepl.

gh-127371: Avoid unbounded buffering fortempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile.writelines(). Previously, diskspillover was only checked after the lines iterator had been exhausted.This is now done after each line is written.

gh-131204: Use monospace font from System Font Stack for cross-platformsupport indifflib.HtmlDiff.

gh-131196: Improve performance ofuuid.UUID.hex anduuid.UUID.__str__.

gh-130940: The behavior ofPyConfig.use_system_logger was modified tobe enabled by default on iOS. It remains disabled by default on macOS.

gh-131123: Supported completions for attributes of convenience variablesinpdb.

gh-93096: Removed undocumented CLIpython-mdifflib. Usepython-mdoctestLib/difflib.py-v instead. Patch by Semyon Moroz.

gh-93096: Removed undocumented-t and-v arguments ofpython-mpickle. Usepython-mdoctestLib/pickle.py-v instead. Patch bySemyon Moroz.

gh-81267: Correcttime.sleep() error message when an object thatcannot be interpreted as an integer or float is provided.

gh-93096: Removed undocumented-t and-v arguments ofpython-mpickletools. Usepython-mdoctestLib/pickletools.py-v instead.Patch by Semyon Moroz.

gh-131045: Fix issue with__contains__, values, and pseudo-members forenum.Flag.

gh-130959: Fix pure-Python implementation ofdatetime.time.fromisoformat() to reject times with spaces infractional part (for example,12:34:56.400+02:00), matching the Cimplementation. Patch by Michał Gorny.

gh-130806: Deletinggzip.GzipFile before it is closed now emits aResourceWarning.

gh-130637: Add validation for numeric response data in poplib.POP3.stat()method

gh-130665: Only apply locale tocalendar CLI whenset via--locale and not viaLANG environment variable.

gh-130660:sys.ps1 andsys.ps2 are now restored aftercode.interact() call.

gh-130608: Removedirs_exist_ok argument frompathlib.Path.copy()andcopy_into(). These methods are new in Python 3.14.

gh-130461: Remove..index:: directives from theuuid moduledocumentation. These directives previously created entries in the generalindex forgetnode() as well as theuuid1(),uuid3(),uuid4(),uuid5(), anduuid8() constructor functions.

gh-130379: The zipapp module now calculates the list of files to be addedto the archive before creating the archive. This avoids accidentallyincluding the target when it is being created in the source directory.

gh-82987: Inline breakpoints likebreakpoint() orpdb.set_trace() will always stop the program at calling frame,ignoring theskip pattern (if any).

gh-125377:<tab> at the beginning of the line inpdb multi-lineinput will fill in a 4-space indentation now, instead of inserting a\t character.

gh-125413: Ensure the path returned frompathlib.Path.copy() ormove() has freshinfo.

gh-65697: stdlib configparser will now attempt to validate that keys itwrites will not result in file corruption (creating a file unable to beaccurately parsed by a future read() call from the same parser).Attempting a corrupting write() will raise an InvalidWriteError.

gh-125413: Speed upPath.copy by making betteruse ofinfo internally.

gh-130285: Fix corner case forrandom.sample() allowing thecountsparameter to specify an empty population. So now,sample([],0,counts=[]) andsample('abc',k=0,counts=[0,0,0]) both give thesame result assample([],0).

gh-124703: Executingquit command inpdb will raisebdb.BdbQuit whenpdb is started from an interactive consoleusingbreakpoint() orpdb.set_trace().

gh-107773: Makedatetime subclass__repr__()consistent both implementations. Patch by Semyon Moroz.

gh-130250: Fix regression intraceback.print_last().

gh-123471: Make concurrent iterations overitertools.batched safeunder free-threading.

gh-57537: Support breakpoints forzipimport modules onpdb

gh-130230: Fix crash inpow() with onlyDecimalthird argument.

gh-126944: Show explicit errors when required arguments ofpdbcommands are missing

gh-127750: Improve repr offunctools.singledispatchmethod methodsand descriptors.

gh-128520: Apply type conversion consistently inpathlib.PurePathandPath methods can accept a path object as anargument, such asmatch() andrename(). The argument is now converted to path objectif it lacks awith_segments() attribute, and nototherwise.

gh-118761: Reverts a change in the previous release attempting to makesome stdlib imports used within thesubprocess module lazy as thiswas causing errors during__del__ finalizers calling methods such asterminate, orkill, orsend_signal.

gh-130164: Fixed failure to raiseTypeError ininspect.Signature.bind() for positional-only arguments provided bykeyword when a variadic keyword argument (e.g.**kwargs) is present.

gh-130151: Fix reference leaks in_hashlib.hmac_new() and_hashlib.hmac_digest(). Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-130145: Fixasyncio.AbstractEventloop.run_forever() when anotherloop is already running.

gh-130139: Fix bug whereast.parse() did not error on AST inputwhich is not of the correct type, when called with optimize=False.

gh-127260: Forbid the use of colon (“:”) as a fractional componentseparator and other improvements to the consistency of error raisingbetween the C and Python implementations ofdatetime.time.fromisoformat() anddatetime.datetime.fromisoformat(). Patch by Semyon Moroz.

gh-85795: Usingsuper() and__class__closure variablein user-defined methods oftyping.NamedTuple subclasses is nowexplicitly prohibited at runtime. Contributed by Bartosz Sławecki ingh-130082.

gh-118761: Improve import time ofcmd by lazy importinginspect and removingstring. Patch by Semyon Moroz.

gh-129726: Fixgzip.GzipFile raising an unraisable exceptionduring garbage collection when referring to a temporary object by breakingthe reference loop withweakref.

gh-127750: Remove brokenfunctools.singledispatchmethod() cachingintroduced ingh-85160. Achieve the same performance using differentoptimization.

gh-129948: Add support for sharedset tomultiprocessing.managers.SyncManager viaSyncManager.set().

gh-129965: Update MIME types for.avi and.wav. Add MIME types for.docx,.pptx,.xlsx,.epub,.flac,.m4a,.odg,.odp,.ods,.odt,.oga,.ogg,.ogx and.weba.Patch by Hugo van Kemenade.

gh-129889: Support context manager protocol bycontextvars.Token.Patch by Andrew Svetlov.

gh-97850: Update the deprecation warning ofimportlib.abc.Loader.load_module().

gh-129678:configparser.ConfigParser: do not write an emptyunnamed section

gh-128641: Restoreconfigparser.ConfigParser.read() performance.

gh-129569: Fixunicodedata.normalize() to always return a built-instr object when given an input of astr subclass,regardless of whether the string is already normalized.

gh-128231: Execution of multiple statements in the new REPL now stopsimmediately upon the first exception encountered. Patch by BartoszSławecki.

gh-96092: Fix bug intraceback.walk_stack() called with None whereit was skipping more frames than in prior versions. This bug fix alsochanges walk_stack to walk the stack in the frame where it was calledrather than where it first gets used.

gh-129288: Add optionall2_cid andl2_bdaddr_type fields tosocketBTPROTO_L2CAP sockaddr tuple.

gh-128703: Fixmimetypes.guess_type() to use default mapping foremptyContent-Type in registry.

gh-128647: Eagerly write to buffers passed togzip.GzipFile’sreadinto() andreadinto1() implementations, avoiding unnecessaryallocations. Patch by Chris Markiewicz.

gh-128184: Improve display ofannotationlib.ForwardRef objectwithininspect.Signature representations. This also fixes aNameError that was raised when usingdataclasses.dataclass()on classes with unresolvable forward references.

gh-128041: Addconcurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor.terminate_workers() andconcurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor.kill_workers() as ways toterminate or kill all living worker processes in the given pool.(Contributed by Charles Machalow ingh-130849.)

gh-127647: Add protocolsio.Reader andio.Writer asalternatives totyping.IO,typing.TextIO, andtyping.BinaryIO.

gh-109798: Added additional information into error messages indatetime, and made the messages more consistent between the C andPython implementations. Patch by Semyon Moroz.

gh-125746: Delay deprecatedzipimport.zipimporter.load_module()removal time to 3.15. Usezipimport.zipimporter.exec_module()instead.

gh-74028: Add the optionalbuffersize parameter toconcurrent.futures.Executor.map() to limit the number of submittedtasks whose results have not yet been yielded. If the buffer is full,iteration over theiterables pauses until a result is yielded from thebuffer.

gh-124927: Non-printing characters are now properly handled in the newREPL.

gh-124096: Turn on virtual terminal mode and enable bracketed paste inREPL on Windows console. (If the terminal does not support bracketedpaste, enabling it does nothing.)

gh-89083: Adduuid.uuid7() for generating UUIDv7 objects asspecified inRFC 9562. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-89083: Adduuid.uuid6() for generating UUIDv6 objects asspecified inRFC 9562. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-117151: Increaseio.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE from 8k to 128k and adjustopen() on platforms whereos.fstat() provides ast_blksizefield (such as Linux) to usemax(min(blocksize,8MiB),io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE) rather than always using the device block size.This should improve I/O performance. Patch by Romain Morotti.

gh-105499: Maketypes.UnionType an alias fortyping.Union. Bothint|str andUnion[int,str] nowcreate instances of the same type. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.

gh-93096: Document the command-line formimetypes. It now exitswith1 on failure instead of0 and2 on incorrect command-lineparameters instead of1. Also, errors are printed to stderr instead ofstdout and their text is made tighter. Patch by Oleg Iarygin and Hugo vanKemenade.

gh-125722: Require Sphinx 8.2.0 or later to build the Pythondocumentation. Patch by Adam Turner.

gh-129712: The wheel tags supported by each macOS universal SDK option arenow documented.

gh-46236: C API: DocumentPyUnicode_RSplit(),PyUnicode_Partition() andPyUnicode_RPartition().

gh-131141: Fix data race insys.monitoring instrumentation whileregistering callback.

gh-130804: Fix support of unicode characters on Windows in the new REPL.

gh-130932: Fix incorrect exception handling in_PyModule_IsPossiblyShadowing

gh-122029:sys.setprofile() andsys.settrace() will notgenerate ac_call event forINSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX if thecallable is a method with a C function wrapped, because we do not generatec_return event in such case.

gh-129964: Fix JIT crash on Windows on Arm. Patch by Diego Russo andBrandt Bucher.

gh-130851: Fix a crash in thefree threading build whenconstructing acode object withco_conststhat contains instances of types that are not otherwise generated by thebytecode compiler.

gh-128534: Ensure that both left and right branches have the same sourceforasyncfor loops. Add these branches to theco_branches()iterator.

gh-130794: Fix memory leak in thefree threadedbuild when resizing a shared list or dictionary from multiple short-livedthreads.

gh-130415: Improve JIT understanding of integers in boolean context.

gh-130382: FixPyRefTracer_DESTROY not being sent fromPython/ceval.cPy_DECREF().

gh-130574: RenumberRESUME from 149 to 128.

gh-124878: Fix race conditions during runtime finalization that could leadto accessing freed memory.

gh-130415: Improve the experimental JIT’s ability to narrow boolean valuesbased on the results of truthiness tests.

gh-130618: Fix a bug that was causingUnicodeDecodeError orSystemError to be raised when using f-strings withlambdaexpressions with non-ASCII characters. Patch by Pablo Galindo

gh-123044: Make sure that the location of branch targets inmatchcases is in the body, not the pattern.

gh-128534: Add branch monitoring (BRANCH_LEFT andBRANCH_RIGHTevents) forasyncfor loops.

gh-130163: Fix possible crashes related to concurrent change and use ofthesys module attributes.

gh-122029:INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW will expand the method beforemonitoring to reflect the actual behavior more accurately.

gh-130415: Improve JIT’s ability to optimize strings in boolean contexts.

gh-130396: Use actual stack limits (frompthread_getattr_np(3)) for linux, and other systems with_GNU_SOURCE defined, when determining limits for C stack protection.

gh-128396: Fix a crash that occurs when callinglocals() inside aninline comprehension that uses the same local variable as the outer framescope where the variable is a free or cell var.

gh-129107: Fix two morebytearray functions forfreethreading.

gh-127705: Use tagged references (_PyStackRef) for the default buildas well as for the free-threading build. This has a small negativeperformance impact short-term but will enable larger speedups in thefuture and significantly reduce maintenance costs by allowing a singleimplementation of tagged references in the future.

gh-130094: Fix two race conditions involving concurrent imports that couldlead to spurious failures withModuleNotFoundError.

gh-129107: Makebytearray iterator safe underfreethreading.

gh-115802: Use the more efficient “medium” code model for JIT-compiledcode on supported platforms.

gh-107956: Abuild-details.json file is now install in theplatform-independent standard library directory (PEP 739implementation).

gh-116042: Fix location for SyntaxErrors of invalid escapes in thetokenizer. Patch by Pablo Galindo

gh-91079: Change C stack overflow protection to consider the amount ofstack consumed, rather than a counter. This allows deeper recursion inmany cases, but remains safe.

gh-129715: Improve the experimental JIT’s handling of returns to unknowncallers.

gh-129983: Fix data race in compile_template insre.c.

gh-129967: Fix a race condition in thefree threading build whenrepr(set) is called concurrently withset.clear().

gh-129953: The internal (evaluation) stack is now spilled to memorywhenever execution escapes from the interpreter or JIT compiled code. Thisshould have no observable effect in either Python or builtin extensions,but will allow various important optimizations in the future.

gh-129515: Clarify syntax error messages for conditional expressions whena statement is specified before anif or after anelse keyword.

gh-129349:bytes.fromhex() andbytearray.fromhex() now acceptsASCIIbytes andbytes-like objects.

gh-129149: Add fast path for medium-size integers inPyLong_FromSsize_t(). Patch by Chris Eibl.

gh-129107: Make thebytearray safe underfree threading.

gh-128974: Fix a crash inUnicodeError.__str__when custom attributes implement__str__() withside-effects. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-126085:typing.TypeAliasType now supports star unpacking.

gh-125331:from__future__importbarry_as_FLUFL now works in morecontexts, including when it is used in files, with the-c flag, and inthe REPL when there are multiple statements on the same line. Previously,it worked only on subsequent lines in the REPL, and when the appropriateflags were passed directly tocompile(). Patch by Pablo Galindo.

gh-121464: Make concurrent iterations over the sameenumerate()iterator safe under free-threading. SeeStrategy for Iterators in FreeThreading.

gh-87790: Support underscore and comma as thousands separators in thefractional part for floating-point presentation types of the new-stylestring formatting (withformat() orf-strings). Patch bySergey B Kirpichev.

gh-124445: Fix specialization of generic aliases that are generic over atyping.ParamSpec and have been specialized with a nested typevariable.

gh-120608: Adaptreversed() for use in the free-threading build. Thereversed() is still not thread-safe in the sense that concurrentiterations may see the same object, but they will not corrupt theinterpreter state.

gh-100388: Fix theplatform._sys_version() method when__DATE__ isundefined at buildtime by changing default buildtime datetime string tothe UNIX epoch.

bpo-44369: Improve syntax errors for incorrectly closed strings. Patch byPablo Galindo

gh-111178: FixPyCMethod API: replacesize_tnargs withPy_ssize_tnargs inPyCMethod. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-130947: Add againPySequence_Fast() to the limited C API. Patchby Victor Stinner.

gh-128863: The following private functions are deprecated and planned forremoval in Python 3.18:

• _PyUnicodeWriter_Init():replace_PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer) withwriter=PyUnicodeWriter_Create(0).

• _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish():replace_PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer) withPyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer).

• _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc():replace_PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer) withPyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer).

• _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar():replace_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer,ch) withPyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer,ch).

• _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr():replace_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer,str) withPyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer,str).

• _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring():replace_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(&writer,str,start,end) withPyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(writer,str,start,end).

• _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString():replace_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer,str) withPyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer,str).

• _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteLatin1String():replace_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteLatin1String(&writer,str) withPyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer,str).

• _PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare(): (no replacement).

• _PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareKind(): (no replacement).

Thepythoncapi-compat project can be used to get thesenew public functions on Python 3.13 and older.

Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-45325: Add a newp format parameter toPy_BuildValue() thatallows to take a C integer and produce a Pythonbool object.Patch by Pablo Galindo.

gh-131035: Use-flto=thin for faster build times using clang-cl onWindows. Patch by Chris Eibl.

gh-130740: Ensure thatPython.h is included beforestdbool.hunlesspyconfig.h is included before or in some platform-specificcontexts.

gh-130090: Building withPlatformToolset=ClangCL on Windows nowsupports PGO (profile guided optimization). Patch by Chris Eibl withinvaluable support from Steve Dover.

gh-129819: Allow building the JIT with the tailcall interpreter.

gh-129989: Fix a bug where the tailcall interpreter was enabled when--without-tail-call-interp was provided to the configure script.

gh-129838: Don’t redefine_Py_NO_SANITIZE_UNDEFINED when compilingwith a recent GCC version and undefined sanitizer enabled.

gh-82909:#pragma-based linking withpython3*.lib can now beswitched off withPy_NO_LINK_LIB. Patch by Jean-ChristopheFillion-Robin.

gh-91132: Update macOS installer to use ncurses 6.5.

gh-129248: The iOS test runner now strips the log prefix from each lineoutput by the test suite.

gh-104400: Fix several bugs in extraction by switching to an AST parser inpygettext.

gh-129386: Addtest.support.reset_code, which can be used to resetvarious bytecode-level optimizations and local instrumentation for afunction.

gh-128474: Disabletest_embed test cases that segfault on BOLTinstrument binaries. The tests are only disabled when BOLT is enabled.

gh-128003: Add an option--parallel-threads=N to the regression testrunner that runs individual tests in multiple threads in parallel in orderto find concurrency bugs. Note that most of the test suite is not yetreviewed for thread-safety or annotated with@thread_unsafe whennecessary.

gh-105704: When usingurllib.parse.urlsplit() andurllib.parse.urlparse() host parsing would not reject domain namescontaining square brackets ([ and]). Square brackets are onlyvalid for IPv6 and IPvFuture hosts according toRFC 3986 Section 3.2.2.

gh-126108: Fix a possibleNULL pointer dereference inPySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode().

gh-80222: Fix bug in the folding of quoted strings when flattening anemail message using a modern email policy. Previously when a quoted stringwas folded so that it spanned more than one line, the surrounding quotesand internal escapes would be omitted. This could theoretically be used tospoof header lines using a carefully constructed quoted string if theresulting rendered email was transmitted or re-parsed.

gh-119511: Fix a potential denial of service in theimaplib module.When connecting to a malicious server, it could cause an arbitrary amountof memory to be allocated. On many systems this is harmless as unusedvirtual memory is only a mapping, but if this hit a virtual address sizelimit it could lead to aMemoryError or other process crash. Onunusual systems or builds where all allocated memory is touched and backedby actual ram or storage it could’ve consumed resources doing so untilsimilarly crashing.

gh-129939: Comparison pages with highlighted changes generated by thedifflib.HtmlDiff class now support dark mode.

gh-129928: Raisesqlite3.ProgrammingError if a user-defined SQLfunction with invalid number of parameters is created. Patch by ErlendAasland.

gh-129583: Update bundled pip to 25.0.1

gh-129766: Fix crash inwarnings, when calling_release_lock()with no existing lock.

gh-129005:_pyio.FileIO.readall() now allocates, resizes, and fills adata buffer using the same algorithm_io.FileIO.readall() uses.

gh-129646: Update the locale alias mapping in thelocale module tomatch the latest X Org locale alias mapping and support new locales inGlibc 2.41.

gh-128317: Put CLI calendar highlighting in private class, removinghighlight_day from publiccalendar.TextCalendar API. Patch byHugo van Kemenade.

gh-129603: Fix bugs wheresqlite3.Row objects could segfault iftheir inheriteddescription was set toNone.Patch by Erlend Aasland.

gh-129559: Addbytearray.resize() method sobytearray canbe efficiently resized in place.

gh-129502: Unlikely errors in preparing arguments forctypescallback are now handled in the same way as errors raised in the callbackof in converting the result of the callback – usingsys.unraisablehook() instead ofsys.excepthook() and notsettingsys.last_exc and other variables.

gh-129403: CorrectedValueError message forasyncio.Barrier andthreading.Barrier.

gh-129409: Fix an integer overflow in thecsv module when writing adata field larger than 2GB.

gh-126400: Add a sockettimeout keyword argument tologging.handlers.SysLogHandler.

gh-118761: Always lazy importwarnings inthreading. Patch byTaneli Hukkinen.

gh-118761: Improve import time ofsubprocess by lazy importinglocale andsignal. Patch by Taneli Hukkinen.

gh-129346: Insqlite3, handle out-of-memory when creatinguser-defined SQL functions.

gh-129005: Optimize_pyio.FileIO.readinto by avoiding unnecessaryobjects and copies usingos.readinto().

gh-129195: Support reporting call graph information fromasyncio.staggered.staggered_race().

gh-129205: Addos.readinto() to read into abuffer object from a file descriptor.

gh-128772: Fixpydoc for methods with the__module__ attributeequal toNone.

gh-129061: Fix FORCE_COLOR and NO_COLOR when empty strings. Patch by Hugovan Kemenade.

gh-92897: Scheduled the deprecation of thecheck_home argument ofsysconfig.is_python_build() to Python 3.15.

gh-129064: Deprecatesysconfig.expand_makefile_vars(), in favor ofusingsysconfig.get_paths() with thevars argument.

gh-128550: Removed an incorrect optimization relating to eager tasks inasyncio.TaskGroup that resulted in cancellations being missed.

gh-128991: Release the enter frame reference withinbdb callback

gh-118761: Reduce import time ofpstats andzipfile by up to20%, by removing unnecessary imports totyping. Patch by BénédiktTran.

gh-128978: Fix aNameError insysconfig.expand_makefile_vars(). Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-128961: Fix a crash when setting state on an exhaustedarray.array iterator.

gh-128894: Fixtraceback.TracebackException._format_syntax_error notto fail on exceptions with custom metadata.

gh-128916: Do not attempt to setSO_REUSEPORT on sockets of addressfamilies other thanAF_INET andAF_INET6, as it is meaninglesswith these address families, and the call with fail with Linux kernel6.12.9 and newer.

gh-118761: Improve import time oftomllib by removingtyping,string, andtomllib._types imports. Patch by Taneli Hukkinen.

gh-128679:tracemalloc: Fix race conditions whentracemalloc.stop() is called by a thread, while other threads aretracing memory allocations. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-128891: Add specialized opcodes toopcode.opname.

gh-118761: Reduce import time ofgettext by up to ten times, byimportingre on demand. In particular,re is no longerimplicitly exposed asgettext.re. Patch by Eli Schwartz.

gh-118761: Reduce the import time ofoptparse when no help text isprinted. Patch by Eli Schwartz.

gh-128657: Fix possible extra reference when using objects returned byhashlib.sha256() underfree threading.

gh-118761: Reduce the import time ofcsv by up to five times, byimportingre on demand. In particular,re is no more implicitlyexposed ascsv.re. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-128308: Support thename keyword argument for eager tasks inasyncio.loop.create_task(),asyncio.create_task() andasyncio.TaskGroup.create_task(), by passing on allkwargs to thetask factory set byasyncio.loop.set_task_factory().

gh-118761: Improve the performance ofbase64.b16decode() by up toten times by more efficiently checking the byte-string for hexadecimaldigits. Reduce the import time ofbase64 by up to six times, by nolonger importingre. Patch by Bénédikt Tran, Chris Markiewicz, andAdam Turner.

gh-128156: When using macOS systemlibffi, support for complex typesinctypes is now checked at runtime (macOS 10.15 or newer). Thetypes must also be available at build time.

gh-128636: Fix PyREPL failure whenos.environ is overwritten withan invalid value.

gh-128498: Default to stdout isatty for color detection instead of stderr.Patch by Hugo van Kemenade.

gh-128384: Add locking towarnings to avoid some data races whenfree-threading is used. Change_warnings_runtime_state.mutex to be arecursive mutex and expose it towarnings, via the_acquire_lock() and_release_lock() functions. The lock isheld whenfilters and_filters_version are updated.

gh-128509: Addsys._is_immortal() for identifyingimmortalobjects at runtime.

gh-128479: Fixasyncio.staggered.staggered_race() leaking tasks andissuing an unhandled exception.

gh-128427:uuid.NIL anduuid.MAX are now available torepresent the Nil and Max UUID formats as defined byRFC 9562.

gh-91279:zipfile.ZipFile.writestr() now respectSOURCE_DATE_EPOCH that distributions can set centrally and have buildtools consume this in order to produce reproducible output.

gh-112064: Fix incorrect handling of negative read sizes inHTTPResponse.read. Patch by YuryManushkin.

gh-58956: Fixed a frame reference leak inbdb.

gh-128131: Completely support random access of uncompressed unencryptedread-only zip files obtained byZipFile.open.

gh-127975: Avoid reusing quote types inast.unparse() if not needed.

gh-115514: Fix exceptions and incomplete writes afterasyncio._SelectorTransport is closed before writes arecompleted.

gh-121604: Add missing Deprecation warnings forimportlib.machinery.DEBUG_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES,importlib.machinery.OPTIMIZED_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES,importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder,importlib.abc.ResourceLoader,importlib.abc.SourceLoader.path_mtime().

gh-127873: When-E is set, only ignorePYTHON_COLORS and notFORCE_COLOR/NO_COLOR/TERM when colourising output. Patch byHugo van Kemenade.

gh-125413: Addpathlib.Path.info attribute, which stores an objectimplementing thepathlib.types.PathInfo protocol (also new). Theobject supports querying the file type and internally cachingstat() results. Path objects generated byiterdir() are initialized with file type informationgleaned from scanning the parent directory.

gh-127712: Fix handling of thesecure argument oflogging.handlers.SMTPHandler.

gh-127096: Do not recreate unnamed section on every read inconfigparser.ConfigParser. Patch by Andrey Efremov.

gh-124369: Deprecatepdb.Pdb.curframe_locals

gh-126332: Fix _pyrepl crash when entering a double CTRL-Z on anoverflowing line.

gh-125553: Fix round-trip invariance for backslash continuations intokenize.untokenize().

gh-91048: Addasyncio.capture_call_graph() andasyncio.print_call_graph() functions.

gh-124703: Quittingpdb ininline mode will emit a confirmationprompt and exit gracefully now, instead of printing an exceptiontraceback.

gh-123987: Fixed issue in NamespaceReader where a non-path item in anamespace path, such as a sentinel added by an editable installer, wouldbreak resource loading.

gh-119349: Add thectypes.util.dllist() function to list the loadedshared libraries for the current process.

gh-55454: Add IMAP4IDLE support to theimaplib module. Patchby Forest.

gh-119257: Show tab completions menu below the current line, which resultsin less janky behaviour, and fixes a cursor movement bug. Patch by DanielHollas

gh-101410: Support custom messages for domain errors in themathmodule (math.sqrt(),math.log() andmath.atanh() weremodified as examples). Patch by Charlie Zhao and Sergey B Kirpichev.

gh-81340: Useos.copy_file_range() inshutil.copy(),shutil.copy2(), andshutil.copyfile() functions by default. Anunderlying Linux system call gives filesystems an opportunity to implementthe use of copy-on-write (in case of btrfs and XFS) or server-side copy(in the case of NFS.) Patch by Illia Volochii.

bpo-27307: Add attribute and item access support tostring.Formatter in auto-numbering mode, which allows formatstrings like ‘{.name}’ and ‘{[1]}’.

gh-129873: Simplify displaying the IDLE doc by only copying the textsection of idle.html to idlelib/help.html. Patch by Stan Ulbrych.

gh-125722: Require Sphinx 8.1.3 or later to build the Pythondocumentation. Patch by Adam Turner.

gh-67206: Document thatstring.printable is not printable in thePOSIX sense. In particular,string.printable.isprintable() returnsFalse. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-100239: Replace the opcode BINARY_SUBSCR and its family by BINARY_OPwith oparg NB_SUBSCR.

gh-129732: Fixed a race in_Py_qsbr_reserve in the free threadingbuild.

gh-129763: Remove the internalLLTRACE macro (usePy_DEBUGinstead).

gh-129715: Improve JIT performance for generators.

gh-129643: Fix thread safety ofPyList_Insert() in free-threadingbuilds.

gh-129668: Fix race condition when raisingMemoryError in the freethreaded build.

gh-129643: Fix thread safety ofPyList_SetItem() in free-threadingbuilds. Patch by Kumar Aditya.

gh-128563: Fix an issue where the “lltrace” debug feature could have beenincorrectly enabled for some frames.

gh-129393: On FreeBSD,sys.platform doesn’t contain the majorversion anymore. It is always'freebsd', instead of'freebsd13' or'freebsd14'.

gh-129345: Fix null pointer dereference insyslog.openlog() when anaudit hook raises an exception.

gh-129231: Improve memory layout of JIT traces. Patch by Diego Russo

gh-129149: Add fast path for medium-size integers inPyLong_FromUnsignedLong(),PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong()andPyLong_FromSize_t().

gh-129201: The free-threaded version of the cyclic garbage collector hasbeen optimized to conditionally use CPU prefetch instructions during thecollection. This can reduce collection times by making it more likelythat data is in the CPU cache when it is needed. The prefetchinstructions are enabled if the number of long-lived objects (objectssurviving a full collection) exceeds a threshold.

gh-129093: Fix f-strings such asf'{expr=}' sometimes not displayingthe full expression when the expression contains!=.

gh-124363: Treat debug expressions in f-string as raw strings. Patch byPablo Galindo

gh-128714: Fix the potential races in get/set dunder methods__annotations__,__annotate__ and__type_params__ for functionobject, and add related tests.

gh-128799: Add frame ofexcept* to traceback when it wraps a nakedexception.

gh-128842: Collect JIT memory stats using pystats. Patch by Diego Russo.

gh-100239: SpecializeBINARY_OP for bitwise logical operations oncompact ints.

gh-128910: Undocumented and unused private C-API functions_PyTrash_begin and_PyTrash_end are removed.

gh-128807: Add a marking phase to the free-threaded GC. This is similarto what was done ingh-126491. Since the free-threaded GC does not havegenerations and is not incremental, the marking phase looks for allobjects reachable from known roots. The roots are objects known to not begarbage, like the module dictionary forsys. For most programs,this marking phase should make the GC a bit faster since typically lesswork is done per object.

gh-100239: Add opcodeBINARY_OP_EXTEND which executes a pair offunctions (guard and specialization functions) accessed from the inlinecache.

gh-128563: A new type of interpreter has been added to CPython. Thisinterpreter uses tail calls for its instruction handlers. Preliminarybenchmark results suggest 7-11% geometric mean faster on pyperformance(depending on platform), and up to 30% faster on Python-intensiveworkloads. This interpreter currently only works on newer compilers, suchasclang-19. Other compilers will continue using the old interpreter.Patch by Ken Jin, with ideas on how to implement this in CPython by MarkShannon, Garret Gu, Haoran Xu, and Josh Haberman.

gh-126703: Improve performance of iterating over lists and tuples by usinga freelist for the iterator objects.

gh-127953: The time to handle aLINE event in sys.monitoring (andsys.settrace) is now independent of the number of lines in the codeobject.

gh-128330: Restore terminal control characters on REPL exit.

gh-128016: Improved theSyntaxWarning message for invalid escapesequences to clarify that such sequences will raise aSyntaxError infuture Python releases. The new message also suggests a potential fix,i.e.,Didyoumean"\\e"?.

gh-126004: Fix handling ofUnicodeError.start andUnicodeError.end values in thecodecs.replace_errors() errorhandler. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

gh-126004: Fix handling ofUnicodeError.start andUnicodeError.end values in thecodecs.backslashreplace_errors() error handler. Patch by BénédiktTran.

gh-126004: Fix handling ofUnicodeError.start andUnicodeError.end values in thecodecs.xmlcharrefreplace_errors() error handler. Patch by BénédiktTran.

gh-127119: Slightly optimize theint deallocator.

gh-127349: Fixed the error when resizing terminal in Python REPL. Patch bySemyon Moroz.

gh-125723: Fix crash withgi_frame.f_locals when generator framesoutlive their generator. Patch by Mikhail Efimov.

gh-126349: Addturtle.fill(),turtle.poly() andturtle.no_animation() context managers. Patch by Marie Roald andYngve Mardal Moe.

gh-115911: If the current working directory cannot be determined due topermissions, then import will no longer raisePermissionError.Patch by Alex Willmer.

gh-112713: Added support for thePartitioned cookie flag inhttp.cookies.

gh-129533: UpdatePyGC_Enable(),PyGC_Disable(),PyGC_IsEnabled() to use atomic operation for thread-safety atfree-threading build. Patch by Donghee Na.

gh-89188: ImplementPyUnicode_KIND() andPyUnicode_DATA()as function, in addition to the macros with the same names. The macrosrely on C bit fields which have compiler-specific layout. Patch by VictorStinner.

gh-91417: RemovePySequence_Fast() from the limited C API, sincethis function has to be used withPySequence_Fast_GET_ITEMwhich never worked in the limited C API. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-128509: AddPyUnstable_IsImmortal() for determining whether anobject isimmortal.

gh-129033: Remove_PyInterpreterState_GetConfigCopy() and_PyInterpreterState_SetConfig() private functions. Use insteadPyConfig_Get() andPyConfig_Set(), public C API added byPEP 741 “Python Configuration C API”. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-129033: Remove the private_Py_InitializeMain() function. It was aprovisional API added to Python 3.8 byPEP 587. Patch by VictorStinner.