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Python Library Reference

Previous:2.2.6 Sequence TypesUp:2.2.6 Sequence TypesNext:2.2.6.2 String Formatting Operations

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2.2.6.1 String Methods

These are the string methods which both 8-bit strings and Unicodeobjects support:

capitalize()

Return a copy of the string with only its first character capitalized.

center(width)

Return centered in a string of lengthwidth. Padding is doneusing spaces.

count(sub[, start[, end]])

Return the number of occurrences of substringsub in stringS[start:end]. Optional argumentsstart andend are interpreted as in slice notation.

decode([encoding[, errors]])

Decodes the string using the codec registered forencoding.encoding defaults to the default string encoding.errorsmay be given to set a different error handling scheme. The default is'strict', meaning that encoding errors raiseValueError. Other possible values are'ignore' andreplace'.New in version 2.2.

encode([encoding[,errors]])

Return an encoded version of the string. Default encoding is the currentdefault string encoding.errors may be given to set a differenterror handling scheme. The default forerrors is'strict', meaning that encoding errors raise aValueError. Other possible values are'ignore' and'replace'.New in version 2.0.

endswith(suffix[, start[, end]])

Return true if the string ends with the specifiedsuffix,otherwise return false. With optionalstart, test beginning atthat position. With optionalend, stop comparing at that position.

expandtabs([tabsize])

Return a copy of the string where all tab characters are expandedusing spaces. Iftabsize is not given, a tab size of8characters is assumed.

find(sub[, start[, end]])

Return the lowest index in the string where substringsub isfound, such thatsub is contained in the range [start,end). Optional argumentsstart andend areinterpreted as in slice notation. Return-1 ifsub isnot found.

index(sub[, start[, end]])

Likefind(), but raiseValueError when thesubstring is not found.

isalnum()

Return true if all characters in the string are alphanumeric and thereis at least one character, false otherwise.

isalpha()

Return true if all characters in the string are alphabetic and thereis at least one character, false otherwise.

isdigit()

Return true if there are only digit characters, false otherwise.

islower()

Return true if all cased characters in the string are lowercase andthere is at least one cased character, false otherwise.

isspace()

Return true if there are only whitespace characters in the string andthe string is not empty, false otherwise.

istitle()

Return true if the string is a titlecased string: uppercasecharacters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase charactersonly cased ones. Return false otherwise.

isupper()

Return true if all cased characters in the string are uppercase andthere is at least one cased character, false otherwise.

join(seq)

Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in thesequenceseq. The separator between elements is the stringproviding this method.

ljust(width)

Return the string left justified in a string of lengthwidth.Padding is done using spaces. The original string is returned ifwidth is less thanlen(s).

lower()

Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.

lstrip([chars])

Return a copy of the string with leading characters removed. Ifchars is omitted orNone, whitespace characters areremoved. If given and notNone,chars must be a string;the characters in the string will be stripped from the beginning ofthe string this method is called on.Changed in version 2.2.2:Support for thechars argument.

replace(old, new[, maxsplit])

Return a copy of the string with all occurrences of substringold replaced bynew. If the optional argumentmaxsplit is given, only the firstmaxsplit occurrences arereplaced.

rfind(sub[,start[,end]])

Return the highest index in the string where substringsub isfound, such thatsub is contained within s[start,end]. Optionalargumentsstart andend are interpreted as in slicenotation. Return-1 on failure.

rindex(sub[, start[, end]])

Likerfind() but raisesValueError when thesubstringsub is not found.

rjust(width)

Return the string right justified in a string of lengthwidth.Padding is done using spaces. The original string is returned ifwidth is less thanlen(s).

rstrip([chars])

Return a copy of the string with trailing characters removed. Ifchars is omitted orNone, whitespace characters areremoved. If given and notNone,chars must be a string;the characters in the string will be stripped from the end of thestring this method is called on.Changed in version 2.2.2:Support for thechars argument.

split([sep[,maxsplit]])

Return a list of the words in the string, usingsep as thedelimiter string. Ifmaxsplit is given, at mostmaxsplitsplits are done. Ifsep is not specified orNone, anywhitespace string is a separator.

splitlines([keepends])

Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at lineboundaries. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unlesskeepends is given and true.

startswith(prefix[, start[, end]])

Return true if string starts with theprefix, otherwisereturn false. With optionalstart, test string beginning atthat position. With optionalend, stop comparing string at thatposition.

strip([chars])

Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing charactersremoved. Ifchars is omitted orNone, whitespacecharacters are removed. If given and notNone,charsmust be a string; the characters in the string will be stripped fromthe both ends of the string this method is called on.Changed in version 2.2.2:Support for thechars argument.

swapcase()

Return a copy of the string with uppercase characters converted tolowercase and vice versa.

title()

Return a titlecased version of the string: words start with uppercasecharacters, all remaining cased characters are lowercase.

translate(table[, deletechars])

Return a copy of the string where all characters occurring in theoptional argumentdeletechars are removed, and the remainingcharacters have been mapped through the given translation table, whichmust be a string of length 256.

upper()

Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.

zfill(width)

Return the numeric string left filled with zeros in a stringof lengthwidth. The original string is returned ifwidth is less thanlen(s).New in version 2.2.2.

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Python Library Reference

Previous:2.2.6 Sequence TypesUp:2.2.6 Sequence TypesNext:2.2.6.2 String Formatting Operations

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Release 2.2.3, documentation updated on 30 May 2003.