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Development Roles

Reusable modules make it possible to divide the application development and deployment processinto distinct roles so that different people or companies can perform different partsof the process.

The first two roles involve purchasing and installing the Java EE product andtools. After software is purchased and installed, Java EE components can be developedby application component providers, assembled by application assemblers, and deployed by application deployers.In a large organization, each of these roles might be executed by differentindividuals or teams. This division of labor works because each of the earlierroles outputs a portable file that is the input for a subsequent role.For example, in the application component development phase, an enterprise bean software developerdelivers EJB JAR files. In the application assembly role, another developer combines these EJBJAR files into a Java EE application and saves it in anEAR file. In the application deployment role, a system administrator at the customer siteuses the EAR file to install the Java EE application into aJava EE server.

The different roles are not always executed by different people. If you workfor a small company, for example, or if you are prototyping asample application, you might perform the tasks in every phase.

Java EE Product Provider

The Java EE product provider is the company that designs and makes availablefor purchase the Java EE platform APIs, and other features defined in theJava EE specification. Product providers are typically application server vendors who implement theJava EE platform according to the Java EE 5 Platform specification.

Tool Provider

The tool provider is the company or person who creates development, assembly, andpackaging tools used by component providers, assemblers, and deployers.

Application Component Provider

The application component provider is the company or person who creates web components,enterprise beans, applets, or application clients for use in Java EE applications.

Enterprise Bean Developer

An enterprise bean developer performs the following tasks to deliver an EJB JARfile that contains one or more enterprise beans:

Writes and compiles the source code
Specifies the deployment descriptor
Packages the.class files and deployment descriptor into the EJB JAR file

Web Component Developer

A web component developer performs the following tasks to deliver a WAR filecontaining one or more web components:

Writes and compiles servlet source code
Writes JSP, JavaServer Faces, and HTML files
Specifies the deployment descriptor
Packages the.class,.jsp, and.html files and deployment descriptor into the WAR file

Application Client Developer

An application client developer performs the following tasks to deliver a JAR filecontaining the application client:

Writes and compiles the source code
Specifies the deployment descriptor for the client
Packages the.class files and deployment descriptor into the JAR file

Application Assembler

The application assembler is the company or person who receives application modules fromcomponent providers and assembles them into a Java EE application EAR file. Theassembler or deployer can edit the deployment descriptor directly or can use toolsthat correctly add XML tags according to interactive selections.

A software developer performs the following tasks to deliver an EAR file containingthe Java EE application:

Assembles EJB JAR and WAR files created in the previous phases into a Java EE application (EAR) file
Specifies the deployment descriptor for the Java EE application
Verifies that the contents of the EAR file are well formed and comply with the Java EE specification

Application Deployer and Administrator

The application deployer and administrator is the company or person who configures anddeploys the Java EE application, administers the computing and networking infrastructure where Java EEapplications run, and oversees the runtime environment. Duties include such things as settingtransaction controls and security attributes and specifying connections to databases.

During configuration, the deployer follows instructions supplied by the application component provider to resolveexternal dependencies, specify security settings, and assign transaction attributes. During installation, the deployermoves the application components to the server and generates the container-specific classes andinterfaces.

A deployer or system administrator performs the following tasks to install and configurea Java EE application:

Adds the Java EE application (EAR) file created in the preceding phase to the Java EE server
Configures the Java EE application for the operational environment by modifying the deployment descriptor of the Java EE application
Verifies that the contents of the EAR file are well formed and comply with the Java EE specification
Deploys (installs) the Java EE application EAR file into the Java EE server