Class TimeZone

java.lang.Object
java.util.TimeZone
All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable,Cloneable
Direct Known Subclasses:
SimpleTimeZone
public abstract classTimeZoneextendsObjectimplementsSerializable,Cloneable
TimeZone represents a time zone offset, and also figures out daylight savings.

Typically, you get aTimeZone usinggetDefault which creates aTimeZone based on the time zone where the program is running. For example, for a program running in Japan,getDefault creates aTimeZone object based on Japanese Standard Time.

You can also get aTimeZone usinggetTimeZone along with a time zone ID. For instance, the time zone ID for the U.S. Pacific Time zone is "America/Los_Angeles". So, you can get a U.S. Pacific TimeTimeZone object with:

TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone("America/Los_Angeles");
You can use thegetAvailableIDs method to iterate through all the supported time zone IDs. You can then choose a supported ID to get aTimeZone. If the time zone you want is not represented by one of the supported IDs, then a custom time zone ID can be specified to produce a TimeZone. The syntax of a custom time zone ID is:
CustomID:GMTSignHours:Minutes:SecondsGMTSignHours:MinutesGMTSignHoursMinutesGMTSignHoursSign: one of+ -Hours:DigitDigitDigitMinutes:DigitDigitSeconds:DigitDigitDigit: one of0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hours must be between 0 to 23 andMinutes/Seconds must be between 00 to 59. For example, "GMT+10" and "GMT+0010" mean ten hours and ten minutes ahead of GMT, respectively.

The format is locale independent and digits must be taken from the Basic Latin block of the Unicode standard. No daylight saving time transition schedule can be specified with a custom time zone ID. If the specified string doesn't match the syntax,"GMT" is used.

When creating aTimeZone, the specified custom time zone ID is normalized in the following syntax:

NormalizedCustomID:GMTSignTwoDigitHours:Minutes [ColonSeconds]Sign: one of+ -TwoDigitHours:DigitDigitMinutes:DigitDigitColonSeconds::DigitDigitDigit: one of0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
For example, TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT-8").getID() returns "GMT-08:00".ColonSeconds part only appears if the seconds value is non-zero.

Three-letter time zone IDs

For compatibility with JDK 1.1.x, some other three-letter time zone IDs (such as "PST", "CTT", "AST") are also supported. However,their use is deprecated because the same abbreviation is often used for multiple time zones (for example, "CST" could be U.S. "Central Standard Time" and "China Standard Time"), and the Java platform can then only recognize one of them. The full list of deprecated three-letter time zone IDs and their mappings can be viewed atZoneId.SHORT_IDS.
Since:
1.1
See Also:

  • Field Summary

    Fields
    Modifier and Type
    Field
    Description
    static final int
    A style specifier forgetDisplayName() indicating a long name, such as "Pacific Standard Time."
    static final int
    A style specifier forgetDisplayName() indicating a short name, such as "PST."

  • Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor
    Description
    Sole constructor.

  • Method Summary

    Modifier and Type
    Method
    Description
    Creates a copy of thisTimeZone.
    staticString[]
    Gets all the available IDs supported.
    staticString[]
    getAvailableIDs(int rawOffset)
    Gets the available IDs according to the given time zone offset in milliseconds.
    staticTimeZone
    Gets the defaultTimeZone of the Java virtual machine.
    finalString
    Returns a long standard time name of thisTimeZone suitable for presentation to the user in the default locale.
    finalString
    getDisplayName(boolean daylight, int style)
    Returns a name in the specifiedstyle of thisTimeZone suitable for presentation to the user in the default locale.
    getDisplayName(boolean daylight, int style,Locale locale)
    Returns a name in the specifiedstyle of thisTimeZone suitable for presentation to the user in the specified locale.
    finalString
    Returns a long standard time name of thisTimeZone suitable for presentation to the user in the specifiedlocale.
    int
    Returns the amount of time to be added to local standard time to get local wall clock time.
    Gets the ID of this time zone.
    abstract int
    getOffset(int era, int year, int month, int day, int dayOfWeek, int milliseconds)
    Gets the time zone offset, for current date, modified in case of daylight savings.
    int
    getOffset(long date)
    Returns the offset of this time zone from UTC at the specified date.
    abstract int
    Returns the amount of time in milliseconds to add to UTC to get standard time in this time zone.
    staticTimeZone
    Gets theTimeZone for the given ID.
    staticTimeZone
    Gets theTimeZone for the givenzoneId.
    boolean
    Returns true if this zone has the same rule and offset as another zone.
    abstract boolean
    Queries if the givendate is in Daylight Saving Time in this time zone.
    boolean
    Returnstrue if thisTimeZone is currently in Daylight Saving Time, or if a transition from Standard Time to Daylight Saving Time occurs at any future time.
    static void
    Sets theTimeZone that is returned by thegetDefault method.
    void
    Sets the time zone ID.
    abstract void
    setRawOffset(int offsetMillis)
    Sets the base time zone offset to GMT.
    Converts thisTimeZone object to aZoneId.
    abstract boolean
    Queries if thisTimeZone uses Daylight Saving Time.

  • Field Details

    • SHORT

      public static final int SHORT
      A style specifier forgetDisplayName() indicating a short name, such as "PST."
      Since:
      1.2
      See Also:

    • LONG

      public static final int LONG
      A style specifier forgetDisplayName() indicating a long name, such as "Pacific Standard Time."
      Since:
      1.2
      See Also:

  • Constructor Details

    • TimeZone

      public TimeZone()
      Sole constructor. (For invocation by subclass constructors, typically implicit.)

  • Method Details

    • getOffset

      public abstract int getOffset(int era, int year, int month, int day, int dayOfWeek, int milliseconds)
      Gets the time zone offset, for current date, modified in case of daylight savings. This is the offset to add to UTC to get local time.

      This method returns a historically correct offset if an underlyingTimeZone implementation subclass supports historical Daylight Saving Time schedule and GMT offset changes.

      Parameters:
      era - the era of the given date.
      year - the year in the given date.
      month - the month in the given date. Month is 0-based. e.g., 0 for January.
      day - the day-in-month of the given date.
      dayOfWeek - the day-of-week of the given date.
      milliseconds - the milliseconds in day instandard local time.
      Returns:
      the offset in milliseconds to add to GMT to get local time.
      See Also:

    • getOffset

      public int getOffset(long date)
      Returns the offset of this time zone from UTC at the specified date. If Daylight Saving Time is in effect at the specified date, the offset value is adjusted with the amount of daylight saving.

      This method returns a historically correct offset value if an underlying TimeZone implementation subclass supports historical Daylight Saving Time schedule and GMT offset changes.

      Parameters:
      date - the date represented in milliseconds since January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT
      Returns:
      the amount of time in milliseconds to add to UTC to get local time.
      Since:
      1.4
      See Also:

    • setRawOffset

      public abstract void setRawOffset(int offsetMillis)
      Sets the base time zone offset to GMT. This is the offset to add to UTC to get local time.

      If an underlyingTimeZone implementation subclass supports historical GMT offset changes, the specified GMT offset is set as the latest GMT offset and the difference from the known latest GMT offset value is used to adjust all historical GMT offset values.

      Parameters:
      offsetMillis - the given base time zone offset to GMT.

    • getRawOffset

      public abstract int getRawOffset()
      Returns the amount of time in milliseconds to add to UTC to get standard time in this time zone. Because this value is not affected by daylight saving time, it is calledraw offset.

      If an underlyingTimeZone implementation subclass supports historical GMT offset changes, the method returns the raw offset value of the current date. In Honolulu, for example, its raw offset changed from GMT-10:30 to GMT-10:00 in 1947, and this method always returns -36000000 milliseconds (i.e., -10 hours).

      Returns:
      the amount of raw offset time in milliseconds to add to UTC.
      See Also:

    • getID

      public String getID()
      Gets the ID of this time zone.
      Returns:
      the ID of this time zone.

    • setID

      public void setID(String ID)
      Sets the time zone ID. This does not change any other data in the time zone object.
      Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation throws aNullPointerException ifID isnull
      Parameters:
      ID - the new time zone ID.
      Throws:
      NullPointerException - This method may throw aNullPointerException ifID isnull

    • getDisplayName

      public final String getDisplayName()
      Returns a long standard time name of thisTimeZone suitable for presentation to the user in the default locale.

      This method is equivalent to:

      getDisplayName(false,LONG,               Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.DISPLAY));

      Returns:
      the human-readable name of this time zone in the default locale.
      Since:
      1.2
      See Also:

    • getDisplayName

      public final String getDisplayName(Locale locale)
      Returns a long standard time name of thisTimeZone suitable for presentation to the user in the specifiedlocale.

      This method is equivalent to:

      getDisplayName(false,LONG, locale);

      Parameters:
      locale - the locale in which to supply the display name.
      Returns:
      the human-readable name of this time zone in the given locale.
      Throws:
      NullPointerException - iflocale isnull.
      Since:
      1.2
      See Also:

    • getDisplayName

      public final String getDisplayName(boolean daylight, int style)
      Returns a name in the specifiedstyle of thisTimeZone suitable for presentation to the user in the default locale. If the specifieddaylight istrue, a Daylight Saving Time name is returned (even if thisTimeZone doesn't observe Daylight Saving Time). Otherwise, a Standard Time name is returned.

      This method is equivalent to:

      getDisplayName(daylight, style,               Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.DISPLAY));

      Parameters:
      daylight -true specifying a Daylight Saving Time name, orfalse specifying a Standard Time name
      style - eitherLONG orSHORT
      Returns:
      the human-readable name of this time zone in the default locale.
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - ifstyle is invalid.
      Since:
      1.2
      See Also:

    • getDisplayName

      public String getDisplayName(boolean daylight, int style,Locale locale)
      Returns a name in the specifiedstyle of thisTimeZone suitable for presentation to the user in the specified locale. If the specifieddaylight istrue, a Daylight Saving Time name is returned (even if thisTimeZone doesn't observe Daylight Saving Time). Otherwise, a Standard Time name is returned.

      When looking up a time zone name, thedefaultLocale search path ofResourceBundle derived from the specifiedlocale is used. (NofallbackLocale search is performed.) If a time zone name in anyLocale of the search path, includingLocale.ROOT, is found, the name is returned. Otherwise, a string in thenormalized custom ID format is returned.

      Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation throws anIllegalArgumentException ifstyle is invalid or aNullPointerException ifID isnull.
      Parameters:
      daylight -true specifying a Daylight Saving Time name, orfalse specifying a Standard Time name
      style - eitherLONG orSHORT
      locale - the locale in which to supply the display name.
      Returns:
      the human-readable name of this time zone in the given locale.
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - This method may throw anIllegalArgumentException ifstyle is invalid.
      NullPointerException - This method may throw aNullPointerException ifID isnull
      Since:
      1.2
      See Also:

    • getDSTSavings

      public int getDSTSavings()
      Returns the amount of time to be added to local standard time to get local wall clock time.

      The default implementation returns 3600000 milliseconds (i.e., one hour) if a call touseDaylightTime() returnstrue. Otherwise, 0 (zero) is returned.

      If an underlyingTimeZone implementation subclass supports historical and future Daylight Saving Time schedule changes, this method returns the amount of saving time of the last known Daylight Saving Time rule that can be a future prediction.

      If the amount of saving time at any given time stamp is required, construct aCalendar with this TimeZone and the time stamp, and callCalendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET).

      Returns:
      the amount of saving time in milliseconds
      Since:
      1.4
      See Also:

    • useDaylightTime

      public abstract boolean useDaylightTime()
      Queries if thisTimeZone uses Daylight Saving Time.

      If an underlyingTimeZone implementation subclass supports historical and future Daylight Saving Time schedule changes, this method refers to the last known Daylight Saving Time rule that can be a future prediction and may not be the same as the current rule. Consider callingobservesDaylightTime() if the current rule should also be taken into account.

      Returns:
      true if thisTimeZone uses Daylight Saving Time,false, otherwise.
      See Also:

    • observesDaylightTime

      public boolean observesDaylightTime()
      Returnstrue if thisTimeZone is currently in Daylight Saving Time, or if a transition from Standard Time to Daylight Saving Time occurs at any future time.

      The default implementation returnstrue ifuseDaylightTime() orinDaylightTime(new Date()) returnstrue.

      Returns:
      true if thisTimeZone is currently in Daylight Saving Time, or if a transition from Standard Time to Daylight Saving Time occurs at any future time;false otherwise.
      Since:
      1.7
      See Also:

    • inDaylightTime

      public abstract boolean inDaylightTime(Date date)
      Queries if the givendate is in Daylight Saving Time in this time zone.
      Parameters:
      date - the given Date.
      Returns:
      true if the given date is in Daylight Saving Time,false, otherwise.
      Throws:
      NullPointerException - This method may throw aNullPointerException ifdate isnull

    • getTimeZone

      public static TimeZone getTimeZone(String ID)
      Gets theTimeZone for the given ID.
      Parameters:
      ID - the ID for aTimeZone, either an abbreviation such as "PST", a full name such as "America/Los_Angeles", or a custom ID such as "GMT-8:00". Note that the support of abbreviations is for JDK 1.1.x compatibility only and full names should be used.
      Returns:
      the specifiedTimeZone, or the GMT zone if the given ID cannot be understood.
      Throws:
      NullPointerException - ifID isnull

    • getTimeZone

      public static TimeZone getTimeZone(ZoneId zoneId)
      Gets theTimeZone for the givenzoneId.
      Parameters:
      zoneId - aZoneId from which the time zone ID is obtained
      Returns:
      the specifiedTimeZone, or the GMT zone if the given ID cannot be understood.
      Throws:
      NullPointerException - ifzoneId isnull
      Since:
      1.8

    • toZoneId

      public ZoneId toZoneId()
      Converts thisTimeZone object to aZoneId.
      Returns:
      aZoneId representing the same time zone as thisTimeZone
      Since:
      1.8

    • getAvailableIDs

      public static String[] getAvailableIDs(int rawOffset)
      Gets the available IDs according to the given time zone offset in milliseconds.
      Parameters:
      rawOffset - the given time zone GMT offset in milliseconds.
      Returns:
      an array of IDs, where the time zone for that ID has the specified GMT offset. For example, "America/Phoenix" and "America/Denver" both have GMT-07:00, but differ in daylight saving behavior.
      See Also:

    • getAvailableIDs

      public static String[] getAvailableIDs()
      Gets all the available IDs supported.
      Returns:
      an array of IDs.

    • getDefault

      public static TimeZone getDefault()
      Gets the defaultTimeZone of the Java virtual machine. If the cached defaultTimeZone is available, its clone is returned. Otherwise, the method takes the following steps to determine the default time zone.
      • Use theuser.timezone property value as the default time zone ID if it's available.
      • Detect the platform time zone ID. The source of the platform time zone and ID mapping may vary with implementation.
      • UseGMT as the last resort if the given or detected time zone ID is unknown.

      The defaultTimeZone created from the ID is cached, and its clone is returned. Theuser.timezone property value is set to the ID upon return.

      Returns:
      the defaultTimeZone
      See Also:

    • setDefault

      public static void setDefault(TimeZone zone)
      Sets theTimeZone that is returned by thegetDefault method.zone is cached. Ifzone is null, the cached defaultTimeZone is cleared. This method doesn't change the value of theuser.timezone property.
      Parameters:
      zone - the new defaultTimeZone, or null
      See Also:

    • hasSameRules

      public boolean hasSameRules(TimeZone other)
      Returns true if this zone has the same rule and offset as another zone. That is, if this zone differs only in ID, if at all. Returns false if the other zone is null.
      Parameters:
      other - theTimeZone object to be compared with
      Returns:
      true if the other zone is not null and is the same as this one, with the possible exception of the ID
      Since:
      1.2

    • clone

      public Object clone()
      Creates a copy of thisTimeZone.
      Overrides:
      clone in class Object
      Returns:
      a clone of thisTimeZone
      See Also: