Class Collections

java.lang.Object

java.util.Collections

public classCollectionsextendsObject

This class consists exclusively of static methods that operate on or return collections. It contains polymorphic algorithms that operate on collections, "wrappers", which return a new collection backed by a specified collection, and a few other odds and ends.

The methods of this class all throw aNullPointerException if the collections or class objects provided to them are null.

The documentation for the polymorphic algorithms contained in this class generally includes a brief description of theimplementation. Such descriptions should be regarded asimplementation notes, rather than parts of thespecification. Implementors should feel free to substitute other algorithms, so long as the specification itself is adhered to. (For example, the algorithm used bysort does not have to be a mergesort, but it does have to bestable.)

The "destructive" algorithms contained in this class, that is, the algorithms that modify the collection on which they operate, are specified to throwUnsupportedOperationException if the collection does not support the appropriate mutation primitive(s), such as theset method. These algorithms may, but are not required to, throw this exception if an invocation would have no effect on the collection. For example, invoking thesort method on an unmodifiable list that is already sorted may or may not throwUnsupportedOperationException.

This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.

Since:

1.2

See Also:

Field Summary
Fields
Modifier and Type
Field
Description
static finalList
EMPTY_LIST
The empty list (immutable).
static finalMap
EMPTY_MAP
The empty map (immutable).
static finalSet
EMPTY_SET
The empty set (immutable).
Method Summary
Modifier and Type
Method
Description
static <T> boolean
addAll(Collection<? super T> c, T... elements)
Adds all of the specified elements to the specified collection.
static <T> Queue<T>
asLifoQueue(Deque<T> deque)
Returns a view of aDeque as a Last-in-first-out (Lifo)Queue.
static <T> int
binarySearch(List<? extendsComparable<? super T>> list, T key)
Searches the specified list for the specified object using the binary search algorithm.
static <T> int
binarySearch(List<? extends T> list, T key,Comparator<? super T> c)
Searches the specified list for the specified object using the binary search algorithm.
static <E> Collection<E>
checkedCollection(Collection<E> c,Class<E> type)
Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified collection.
static <E> List<E>
checkedList(List<E> list,Class<E> type)
Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified list.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>
checkedMap(Map<K,V> m,Class<K> keyType,Class<V> valueType)
Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified map.
static <K,V> NavigableMap<K,V>
checkedNavigableMap(NavigableMap<K,V> m,Class<K> keyType,Class<V> valueType)
Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified navigable map.
static <E> NavigableSet<E>
checkedNavigableSet(NavigableSet<E> s,Class<E> type)
Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified navigable set.
static <E> Queue<E>
checkedQueue(Queue<E> queue,Class<E> type)
Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified queue.
static <E> Set<E>
checkedSet(Set<E> s,Class<E> type)
Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified set.
static <K,V> SortedMap<K,V>
checkedSortedMap(SortedMap<K,V> m,Class<K> keyType,Class<V> valueType)
Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified sorted map.
static <E> SortedSet<E>
checkedSortedSet(SortedSet<E> s,Class<E> type)
Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified sorted set.
static <T> void
copy(List<? super T> dest,List<? extends T> src)
Copies all of the elements from one list into another.
static boolean
disjoint(Collection<?> c1,Collection<?> c2)
Returnstrue if the two specified collections have no elements in common.
static <T> Enumeration<T>
emptyEnumeration()
Returns an enumeration that has no elements.
static <T> Iterator<T>
emptyIterator()
Returns an iterator that has no elements.
static final <T> List<T>
emptyList()
Returns an empty list (immutable).
static <T> ListIterator<T>
emptyListIterator()
Returns a list iterator that has no elements.
static final <K,V> Map<K,V>
emptyMap()
Returns an empty map (immutable).
static final <K,V> NavigableMap<K,V>
emptyNavigableMap()
Returns an empty navigable map (immutable).
static <E> NavigableSet<E>
emptyNavigableSet()
Returns an empty navigable set (immutable).
static final <T> Set<T>
emptySet()
Returns an empty set (immutable).
static final <K,V> SortedMap<K,V>
emptySortedMap()
Returns an empty sorted map (immutable).
static <E> SortedSet<E>
emptySortedSet()
Returns an empty sorted set (immutable).
static <T> Enumeration<T>
enumeration(Collection<T> c)
Returns an enumeration over the specified collection.
static <T> void
fill(List<? super T> list, T obj)
Replaces all of the elements of the specified list with the specified element.
static int
frequency(Collection<?> c,Object o)
Returns the number of elements in the specified collection equal to the specified object.
static int
indexOfSubList(List<?> source,List<?> target)
Returns the starting position of the first occurrence of the specified target list within the specified source list, or -1 if there is no such occurrence.
static int
lastIndexOfSubList(List<?> source,List<?> target)
Returns the starting position of the last occurrence of the specified target list within the specified source list, or -1 if there is no such occurrence.
static <T> ArrayList<T>
list(Enumeration<T> e)
Returns an array list containing the elements returned by the specified enumeration in the order they are returned by the enumeration.
static <T extendsObject &Comparable<? super T>> T
max(Collection<? extends T> coll)
Returns the maximum element of the given collection, according to thenatural ordering of its elements.
static <T> T
max(Collection<? extends T> coll,Comparator<? super T> comp)
Returns the maximum element of the given collection, according to the order induced by the specified comparator.
static <T extendsObject &Comparable<? super T>> T
min(Collection<? extends T> coll)
Returns the minimum element of the given collection, according to thenatural ordering of its elements.
static <T> T
min(Collection<? extends T> coll,Comparator<? super T> comp)
Returns the minimum element of the given collection, according to the order induced by the specified comparator.
static <T> List<T>
nCopies(int n, T o)
Returns an immutable list consisting ofn copies of the specified object.
static <E> SequencedSet<E>
newSequencedSetFromMap(SequencedMap<E,Boolean> map)
Returns a sequenced set backed by the specified map.
static <E> Set<E>
newSetFromMap(Map<E,Boolean> map)
Returns a set backed by the specified map.
static <T> boolean
replaceAll(List<T> list, T oldVal, T newVal)
Replaces all occurrences of one specified value in a list with another.
static void
reverse(List<?> list)
Reverses the order of the elements in the specified list.
static <T> Comparator<T>
reverseOrder()
Returns a comparator that imposes the reverse of thenatural ordering on a collection of objects that implement theComparable interface.
static <T> Comparator<T>
reverseOrder(Comparator<T> cmp)
Returns a comparator that imposes the reverse ordering of the specified comparator.
static void
rotate(List<?> list, int distance)
Rotates the elements in the specified list by the specified distance.
static void
shuffle(List<?> list)
Randomly permutes the specified list using a default source of randomness.
static void
shuffle(List<?> list,Random rnd)
Randomly permute the specified list using the specified source of randomness.
static void
shuffle(List<?> list,RandomGenerator rnd)
Randomly permute the specified list using the specified source of randomness.
static <T> Set<T>
singleton(T o)
Returns an immutable set containing only the specified object.
static <T> List<T>
singletonList(T o)
Returns an immutable list containing only the specified object.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>
singletonMap(K key, V value)
Returns an immutable map, mapping only the specified key to the specified value.
static <T extendsComparable<? super T>> void
sort(List<T> list)
Sorts the specified list into ascending order, according to thenatural ordering of its elements.
static <T> void
sort(List<T> list,Comparator<? super T> c)
Sorts the specified list according to the order induced by the specified comparator.
static void
swap(List<?> list, int i, int j)
Swaps the elements at the specified positions in the specified list.
static <T> Collection<T>
synchronizedCollection(Collection<T> c)
Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) collection backed by the specified collection.
static <T> List<T>
synchronizedList(List<T> list)
Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) list backed by the specified list.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>
synchronizedMap(Map<K,V> m)
Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) map backed by the specified map.
static <K,V> NavigableMap<K,V>
synchronizedNavigableMap(NavigableMap<K,V> m)
Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) navigable map backed by the specified navigable map.
static <T> NavigableSet<T>
synchronizedNavigableSet(NavigableSet<T> s)
Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) navigable set backed by the specified navigable set.
static <T> Set<T>
synchronizedSet(Set<T> s)
Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) set backed by the specified set.
static <K,V> SortedMap<K,V>
synchronizedSortedMap(SortedMap<K,V> m)
Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) sorted map backed by the specified sorted map.
static <T> SortedSet<T>
synchronizedSortedSet(SortedSet<T> s)
Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) sorted set backed by the specified sorted set.
static <T> Collection<T>
unmodifiableCollection(Collection<? extends T> c)
Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified collection.
static <T> List<T>
unmodifiableList(List<? extends T> list)
Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified list.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>
unmodifiableMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m)
Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified map.
static <K,V> NavigableMap<K,V>
unmodifiableNavigableMap(NavigableMap<K, ? extends V> m)
Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified navigable map.
static <T> NavigableSet<T>
unmodifiableNavigableSet(NavigableSet<T> s)
Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified navigable set.
static <T> SequencedCollection<T>
unmodifiableSequencedCollection(SequencedCollection<? extends T> c)
Returns anunmodifiable view of the specifiedSequencedCollection.
static <K,V> SequencedMap<K,V>
unmodifiableSequencedMap(SequencedMap<? extends K, ? extends V> m)
Returns anunmodifiable view of the specifiedSequencedMap.
static <T> SequencedSet<T>
unmodifiableSequencedSet(SequencedSet<? extends T> s)
Returns anunmodifiable view of the specifiedSequencedSet.
static <T> Set<T>
unmodifiableSet(Set<? extends T> s)
Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified set.
static <K,V> SortedMap<K,V>
unmodifiableSortedMap(SortedMap<K, ? extends V> m)
Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified sorted map.
static <T> SortedSet<T>
unmodifiableSortedSet(SortedSet<T> s)
Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified sorted set.
Methods declared in class java.lang.Object
clone,equals,finalize,getClass,hashCode,notify,notifyAll,toString,wait,wait,wait

Field Details
- EMPTY_SET
  public static final Set EMPTY_SET
  The empty set (immutable). This set is serializable.
  See Also:
  emptySet()
- EMPTY_LIST
  public static final List EMPTY_LIST
  The empty list (immutable). This list is serializable.
  See Also:
  emptyList()
- EMPTY_MAP
  public static final Map EMPTY_MAP
  The empty map (immutable). This map is serializable.
  Since:
  1.3
  See Also:
  emptyMap()
Method Details
- sort
  public static <T extendsComparable<? super T>>void sort(List<T> list)
  Sorts the specified list into ascending order, according to thenatural ordering of its elements. All elements in the list must implement theComparable interface. Furthermore, all elements in the list must bemutually comparable (that is,e1.compareTo(e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the list).
  This sort is guaranteed to bestable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort.
  The specified list must be modifiable, but need not be resizable.
  Implementation Note:
  This implementation defers to theList.sort(Comparator) method using the specified list and anull comparator.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the list
  Parameters:
  list - the list to be sorted.
  Throws:
  ClassCastException - if the list contains elements that are notmutually comparable (for example, strings and integers).
  UnsupportedOperationException - if the specified list's list-iterator does not support theset operation.
  IllegalArgumentException - (optional) if the implementation detects that the natural ordering of the list elements is found to violate theComparable contract
  See Also:
  List.sort(Comparator)
- sort
  public static <T> void sort(List<T> list,Comparator<? super T> c)
  Sorts the specified list according to the order induced by the specified comparator. All elements in the list must bemutually comparable using the specified comparator (that is,c.compare(e1, e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the list).
  This sort is guaranteed to bestable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort.
  The specified list must be modifiable, but need not be resizable.
  Implementation Note:
  This implementation defers to theList.sort(Comparator) method using the specified list and comparator.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the list
  Parameters:
  list - the list to be sorted.
  c - the comparator to determine the order of the list. Anull value indicates that the elements'natural ordering should be used.
  Throws:
  ClassCastException - if the list contains elements that are notmutually comparable using the specified comparator.
  UnsupportedOperationException - if the specified list's list-iterator does not support theset operation.
  IllegalArgumentException - (optional) if the comparator is found to violate theComparator contract
  See Also:
  List.sort(Comparator)
- binarySearch
  public static <T> int binarySearch(List<? extendsComparable<? super T>> list, T key)
  Searches the specified list for the specified object using the binary search algorithm. The list must be sorted into ascending order according to thenatural ordering of its elements (as by thesort(List) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the list contains multiple elements equal to the specified object, there is no guarantee which one will be found.
  This method runs in log(n) time for a "random access" list (which provides near-constant-time positional access). If the specified list does not implement theRandomAccess interface and is large, this method will do an iterator-based binary search that performs O(n) link traversals and O(log n) element comparisons.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the list
  Parameters:
  list - the list to be searched.
  key - the key to be searched for.
  Returns:
  the index of the search key, if it is contained in the list; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the list: the index of the first element greater than the key, orlist.size() if all elements in the list are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.
  Throws:
  ClassCastException - if the list contains elements that are notmutually comparable (for example, strings and integers), or the search key is not mutually comparable with the elements of the list.
- binarySearch
  public static <T> int binarySearch(List<? extends T> list, T key,Comparator<? super T> c)
  Searches the specified list for the specified object using the binary search algorithm. The list must be sorted into ascending order according to the specified comparator (as by thesort(List, Comparator) method), prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the list contains multiple elements equal to the specified object, there is no guarantee which one will be found.
  This method runs in log(n) time for a "random access" list (which provides near-constant-time positional access). If the specified list does not implement theRandomAccess interface and is large, this method will do an iterator-based binary search that performs O(n) link traversals and O(log n) element comparisons.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the list
  Parameters:
  list - the list to be searched.
  key - the key to be searched for.
  c - the comparator by which the list is ordered. Anull value indicates that the elements'natural ordering should be used.
  Returns:
  the index of the search key, if it is contained in the list; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the list: the index of the first element greater than the key, orlist.size() if all elements in the list are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.
  Throws:
  ClassCastException - if the list contains elements that are notmutually comparable using the specified comparator, or the search key is not mutually comparable with the elements of the list using this comparator.
- reverse
  public static void reverse(List<?> list)
  Reverses the order of the elements in the specified list.
  This method runs in linear time.
  API Note:
  This method mutates the specified list in-place. To obtain a reverse-ordered view of a list without mutating it, use theList.reversed method.
  Parameters:
  list - the list whose elements are to be reversed.
  Throws:
  UnsupportedOperationException - if the specified list or its list-iterator does not support theset operation.
  See Also:
  List.reversed
- shuffle
  public static void shuffle(List<?> list)
  Randomly permutes the specified list using a default source of randomness. All permutations occur with approximately equal likelihood.
  The hedge "approximately" is used in the foregoing description because default source of randomness is only approximately an unbiased source of independently chosen bits. If it were a perfect source of randomly chosen bits, then the algorithm would choose permutations with perfect uniformity.
  This implementation traverses the list backwards, from the last element up to the second, repeatedly swapping a randomly selected element into the "current position". Elements are randomly selected from the portion of the list that runs from the first element to the current position, inclusive.
  Implementation Requirements:
  This method runs in linear time. If the specified list does not implement theRandomAccess interface and is large, this implementation dumps the specified list into an array before shuffling it, and dumps the shuffled array back into the list. This avoids the quadratic behavior that would result from shuffling a "sequential access" list in place.
  Parameters:
  list - the list to be shuffled.
  Throws:
  UnsupportedOperationException - if the specified list or its list-iterator does not support theset operation.
- shuffle
  public static void shuffle(List<?> list,Random rnd)
  Randomly permute the specified list using the specified source of randomness.
  This method is equivalent toshuffle(List, RandomGenerator) and exists for backward compatibility. Theshuffle(List, RandomGenerator) method is preferred, as it is not limited to random generators that extend theRandom class.
  Parameters:
  list - the list to be shuffled.
  rnd - the source of randomness to use to shuffle the list.
  Throws:
  UnsupportedOperationException - if the specified list or its list-iterator does not support theset operation.
- shuffle
  public static void shuffle(List<?> list,RandomGenerator rnd)
  Randomly permute the specified list using the specified source of randomness. All permutations occur with equal likelihood assuming that the source of randomness is fair.
  This implementation traverses the list backwards, from the last element up to the second, repeatedly swapping a randomly selected element into the "current position". Elements are randomly selected from the portion of the list that runs from the first element to the current position, inclusive.
  Implementation Requirements:
  This method runs in linear time. If the specified list does not implement theRandomAccess interface and is large, this implementation dumps the specified list into an array before shuffling it, and dumps the shuffled array back into the list. This avoids the quadratic behavior that would result from shuffling a "sequential access" list in place.
  Parameters:
  list - the list to be shuffled.
  rnd - the source of randomness to use to shuffle the list.
  Throws:
  UnsupportedOperationException - if the specified list or its list-iterator does not support theset operation.
  Since:
  21
- swap
  public static void swap(List<?> list, int i, int j)
  Swaps the elements at the specified positions in the specified list. (If the specified positions are equal, invoking this method leaves the list unchanged.)
  Parameters:
  list - The list in which to swap elements.
  i - the index of one element to be swapped.
  j - the index of the other element to be swapped.
  Throws:
  IndexOutOfBoundsException - if eitheri orj is out of range (i < 0 || i >= list.size() || j < 0 || j >= list.size()).
  Since:
  1.4
- fill
  public static <T> void fill(List<? super T> list, T obj)
  Replaces all of the elements of the specified list with the specified element.
  This method runs in linear time.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the list
  Parameters:
  list - the list to be filled with the specified element.
  obj - The element with which to fill the specified list.
  Throws:
  UnsupportedOperationException - if the specified list or its list-iterator does not support theset operation.
- copy
  public static <T> void copy(List<? super T> dest,List<? extends T> src)
  Copies all of the elements from one list into another. After the operation, the index of each copied element in the destination list will be identical to its index in the source list. The destination list's size must be greater than or equal to the source list's size. If it is greater, the remaining elements in the destination list are unaffected.
  This method runs in linear time.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the lists
  Parameters:
  dest - The destination list.
  src - The source list.
  Throws:
  IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the destination list is too small to contain the entire source List.
  UnsupportedOperationException - if the destination list's list-iterator does not support theset operation.
- min
  public static <T extendsObject &Comparable<? super T>>T min(Collection<? extends T> coll)
  Returns the minimum element of the given collection, according to thenatural ordering of its elements. All elements in the collection must implement theComparable interface. Furthermore, all elements in the collection must bemutually comparable (that is,e1.compareTo(e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the collection).
  This method iterates over the entire collection, hence it requires time proportional to the size of the collection.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the collection
  Parameters:
  coll - the collection whose minimum element is to be determined.
  Returns:
  the minimum element of the given collection, according to thenatural ordering of its elements.
  Throws:
  ClassCastException - if the collection contains elements that are notmutually comparable (for example, strings and integers).
  NoSuchElementException - if the collection is empty.
  See Also:
  Comparable
- min
  public static <T> T min(Collection<? extends T> coll,Comparator<? super T> comp)
  Returns the minimum element of the given collection, according to the order induced by the specified comparator. All elements in the collection must bemutually comparable by the specified comparator (that is,comp.compare(e1, e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the collection).
  This method iterates over the entire collection, hence it requires time proportional to the size of the collection.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the collection
  Parameters:
  coll - the collection whose minimum element is to be determined.
  comp - the comparator with which to determine the minimum element. Anull value indicates that the elements'natural ordering should be used.
  Returns:
  the minimum element of the given collection, according to the specified comparator.
  Throws:
  ClassCastException - if the collection contains elements that are notmutually comparable using the specified comparator.
  NoSuchElementException - if the collection is empty.
  See Also:
  Comparable
- max
  public static <T extendsObject &Comparable<? super T>>T max(Collection<? extends T> coll)
  Returns the maximum element of the given collection, according to thenatural ordering of its elements. All elements in the collection must implement theComparable interface. Furthermore, all elements in the collection must bemutually comparable (that is,e1.compareTo(e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the collection).
  This method iterates over the entire collection, hence it requires time proportional to the size of the collection.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the collection
  Parameters:
  coll - the collection whose maximum element is to be determined.
  Returns:
  the maximum element of the given collection, according to thenatural ordering of its elements.
  Throws:
  ClassCastException - if the collection contains elements that are notmutually comparable (for example, strings and integers).
  NoSuchElementException - if the collection is empty.
  See Also:
  Comparable
- max
  public static <T> T max(Collection<? extends T> coll,Comparator<? super T> comp)
  Returns the maximum element of the given collection, according to the order induced by the specified comparator. All elements in the collection must bemutually comparable by the specified comparator (that is,comp.compare(e1, e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the collection).
  This method iterates over the entire collection, hence it requires time proportional to the size of the collection.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the collection
  Parameters:
  coll - the collection whose maximum element is to be determined.
  comp - the comparator with which to determine the maximum element. Anull value indicates that the elements'natural ordering should be used.
  Returns:
  the maximum element of the given collection, according to the specified comparator.
  Throws:
  ClassCastException - if the collection contains elements that are notmutually comparable using the specified comparator.
  NoSuchElementException - if the collection is empty.
  See Also:
  Comparable
- rotate
  public static void rotate(List<?> list, int distance)
  Rotates the elements in the specified list by the specified distance. After calling this method, the element at indexi will be the element previously at index(i - distance) modlist.size(), for all values ofi between0 andlist.size()-1, inclusive. (This method has no effect on the size of the list.)
  For example, supposelist comprises [t, a, n, k, s]. After invokingCollections.rotate(list, 1) (orCollections.rotate(list, -4)),list will comprise[s, t, a, n, k].
  Note that this method can usefully be applied to sublists to move one or more elements within a list while preserving the order of the remaining elements. For example, the following idiom moves the element at indexj forward to positionk (which must be greater than or equal toj):
  Collections.rotate(list.subList(j, k+1), -1);
  To make this concrete, supposelist comprises[a, b, c, d, e]. To move the element at index1 (b) forward two positions, perform the following invocation:
  Collections.rotate(l.subList(1, 4), -1);
  The resulting list is[a, c, d, b, e].
  To move more than one element forward, increase the absolute value of the rotation distance. To move elements backward, use a positive shift distance.
  If the specified list is small or implements theRandomAccess interface, this implementation exchanges the first element into the location it should go, and then repeatedly exchanges the displaced element into the location it should go until a displaced element is swapped into the first element. If necessary, the process is repeated on the second and successive elements, until the rotation is complete. If the specified list is large and doesn't implement theRandomAccess interface, this implementation breaks the list into two sublist views around index-distance mod size. Then thereverse(List) method is invoked on each sublist view, and finally it is invoked on the entire list. For a more complete description of both algorithms, see Section 2.3 of Jon Bentley'sProgramming Pearls (Addison-Wesley, 1986).
  Parameters:
  list - the list to be rotated.
  distance - the distance to rotate the list. There are no constraints on this value; it may be zero, negative, or greater thanlist.size().
  Throws:
  UnsupportedOperationException - if the specified list or its list-iterator does not support theset operation.
  Since:
  1.4
- replaceAll
  public static <T> boolean replaceAll(List<T> list, T oldVal, T newVal)
  Replaces all occurrences of one specified value in a list with another. More formally, replaces withnewVal each elemente inlist such that(oldVal==null ? e==null : oldVal.equals(e)). (This method has no effect on the size of the list.)
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the list
  Parameters:
  list - the list in which replacement is to occur.
  oldVal - the old value to be replaced.
  newVal - the new value with whicholdVal is to be replaced.
  Returns:
  true iflist contained one or more elementse such that(oldVal==null ? e==null : oldVal.equals(e)).
  Throws:
  UnsupportedOperationException - if the specified list or its list-iterator does not support theset operation.
  Since:
  1.4
- indexOfSubList
  public static int indexOfSubList(List<?> source,List<?> target)
  Returns the starting position of the first occurrence of the specified target list within the specified source list, or -1 if there is no such occurrence. More formally, returns the lowest indexi such thatsource.subList(i, i+target.size()).equals(target), or -1 if there is no such index. (Returns -1 iftarget.size() > source.size())
  This implementation uses the "brute force" technique of scanning over the source list, looking for a match with the target at each location in turn.
  Parameters:
  source - the list in which to search for the first occurrence oftarget.
  target - the list to search for as a subList ofsource.
  Returns:
  the starting position of the first occurrence of the specified target list within the specified source list, or -1 if there is no such occurrence.
  Since:
  1.4
- lastIndexOfSubList
  public static int lastIndexOfSubList(List<?> source,List<?> target)
  Returns the starting position of the last occurrence of the specified target list within the specified source list, or -1 if there is no such occurrence. More formally, returns the highest indexi such thatsource.subList(i, i+target.size()).equals(target), or -1 if there is no such index. (Returns -1 iftarget.size() > source.size())
  This implementation uses the "brute force" technique of iterating over the source list, looking for a match with the target at each location in turn.
  Parameters:
  source - the list in which to search for the last occurrence oftarget.
  target - the list to search for as a subList ofsource.
  Returns:
  the starting position of the last occurrence of the specified target list within the specified source list, or -1 if there is no such occurrence.
  Since:
  1.4
- unmodifiableCollection
  public static <T> Collection<T> unmodifiableCollection(Collection<? extends T> c)
  Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified collection. Query operations on the returned collection "read through" to the specified collection, and attempts to modify the returned collection, whether direct or via its iterator, result in anUnsupportedOperationException.
  The returned collection doesnot pass the hashCode and equals operations through to the backing collection, but relies onObject'sequals andhashCode methods. This is necessary to preserve the contracts of these operations in the case that the backing collection is a set or a list.
  The returned collection will be serializable if the specified collection is serializable.
  Implementation Note:
  This method may return its argument if the argument is already unmodifiable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the collection
  Parameters:
  c - the collection for which an unmodifiable view is to be returned.
  Returns:
  an unmodifiable view of the specified collection.
- unmodifiableSequencedCollection
  public static <T> SequencedCollection<T> unmodifiableSequencedCollection(SequencedCollection<? extends T> c)
  Returns anunmodifiable view of the specifiedSequencedCollection. Query operations on the returned collection "read through" to the specified collection, and attempts to modify the returned collection, whether direct or via its iterator, result in anUnsupportedOperationException.
  The returned collection doesnot pass thehashCode andequals operations through to the backing collection, but relies onObject'sequals andhashCode methods. This is necessary to preserve the contracts of these operations in the case that the backing collection is a set or a list.
  The returned collection will be serializable if the specified collection is serializable.
  Implementation Note:
  This method may return its argument if the argument is already unmodifiable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the collection
  Parameters:
  c - the collection for which an unmodifiable view is to be returned.
  Returns:
  an unmodifiable view of the specified collection.
  Since:
  21
- unmodifiableSet
  public static <T> Set<T> unmodifiableSet(Set<? extends T> s)
  Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified set. Query operations on the returned set "read through" to the specified set, and attempts to modify the returned set, whether direct or via its iterator, result in anUnsupportedOperationException.
  The returned set will be serializable if the specified set is serializable.
  Implementation Note:
  This method may return its argument if the argument is already unmodifiable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the set
  Parameters:
  s - the set for which an unmodifiable view is to be returned.
  Returns:
  an unmodifiable view of the specified set.
- unmodifiableSequencedSet
  public static <T> SequencedSet<T> unmodifiableSequencedSet(SequencedSet<? extends T> s)
  Returns anunmodifiable view of the specifiedSequencedSet. Query operations on the returned set "read through" to the specified set, and attempts to modify the returned set, whether direct or via its iterator, result in anUnsupportedOperationException.
  The returned set will be serializable if the specified set is serializable.
  Implementation Note:
  This method may return its argument if the argument is already unmodifiable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the set
  Parameters:
  s - the set for which an unmodifiable view is to be returned.
  Returns:
  an unmodifiable view of the specified sequenced set.
  Since:
  21
- unmodifiableSortedSet
  public static <T> SortedSet<T> unmodifiableSortedSet(SortedSet<T> s)
  Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified sorted set. Query operations on the returned sorted set "read through" to the specified sorted set. Attempts to modify the returned sorted set, whether direct, via its iterator, or via itssubSet,headSet, ortailSet views, result in anUnsupportedOperationException.
  The returned sorted set will be serializable if the specified sorted set is serializable.
  Implementation Note:
  This method may return its argument if the argument is already unmodifiable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the set
  Parameters:
  s - the sorted set for which an unmodifiable view is to be returned.
  Returns:
  an unmodifiable view of the specified sorted set.
- unmodifiableNavigableSet
  public static <T> NavigableSet<T> unmodifiableNavigableSet(NavigableSet<T> s)
  Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified navigable set. Query operations on the returned navigable set "read through" to the specified navigable set. Attempts to modify the returned navigable set, whether direct, via its iterator, or via itssubSet,headSet, ortailSet views, result in anUnsupportedOperationException.
  The returned navigable set will be serializable if the specified navigable set is serializable.
  Implementation Note:
  This method may return its argument if the argument is already unmodifiable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the set
  Parameters:
  s - the navigable set for which an unmodifiable view is to be returned
  Returns:
  an unmodifiable view of the specified navigable set
  Since:
  1.8
- unmodifiableList
  public static <T> List<T> unmodifiableList(List<? extends T> list)
  Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified list. Query operations on the returned list "read through" to the specified list, and attempts to modify the returned list, whether direct or via its iterator, result in anUnsupportedOperationException.
  The returned list will be serializable if the specified list is serializable. Similarly, the returned list will implementRandomAccess if the specified list does.
  Implementation Note:
  This method may return its argument if the argument is already unmodifiable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the list
  Parameters:
  list - the list for which an unmodifiable view is to be returned.
  Returns:
  an unmodifiable view of the specified list.
- unmodifiableMap
  public static <K,V> Map<K,V> unmodifiableMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m)
  Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified map. Query operations on the returned map "read through" to the specified map, and attempts to modify the returned map, whether direct or via its collection views, result in anUnsupportedOperationException.
  The returned map will be serializable if the specified map is serializable.
  Implementation Note:
  This method may return its argument if the argument is already unmodifiable.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Parameters:
  m - the map for which an unmodifiable view is to be returned.
  Returns:
  an unmodifiable view of the specified map.
- unmodifiableSequencedMap
  public static <K,V> SequencedMap<K,V> unmodifiableSequencedMap(SequencedMap<? extends K, ? extends V> m)
  Returns anunmodifiable view of the specifiedSequencedMap. Query operations on the returned map "read through" to the specified map, and attempts to modify the returned map, whether direct or via its collection views, result in anUnsupportedOperationException.
  The returned map will be serializable if the specified map is serializable.
  Implementation Note:
  This method may return its argument if the argument is already unmodifiable.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Parameters:
  m - the map for which an unmodifiable view is to be returned.
  Returns:
  an unmodifiable view of the specified map.
  Since:
  21
- unmodifiableSortedMap
  public static <K,V> SortedMap<K,V> unmodifiableSortedMap(SortedMap<K, ? extends V> m)
  Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified sorted map. Query operations on the returned sorted map "read through" to the specified sorted map. Attempts to modify the returned sorted map, whether direct, via its collection views, or via itssubMap,headMap, ortailMap views, result in anUnsupportedOperationException.
  The returned sorted map will be serializable if the specified sorted map is serializable.
  Implementation Note:
  This method may return its argument if the argument is already unmodifiable.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Parameters:
  m - the sorted map for which an unmodifiable view is to be returned.
  Returns:
  an unmodifiable view of the specified sorted map.
- unmodifiableNavigableMap
  public static <K,V> NavigableMap<K,V> unmodifiableNavigableMap(NavigableMap<K, ? extends V> m)
  Returns anunmodifiable view of the specified navigable map. Query operations on the returned navigable map "read through" to the specified navigable map. Attempts to modify the returned navigable map, whether direct, via its collection views, or via itssubMap,headMap, ortailMap views, result in anUnsupportedOperationException.
  The returned navigable map will be serializable if the specified navigable map is serializable.
  Implementation Note:
  This method may return its argument if the argument is already unmodifiable.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Parameters:
  m - the navigable map for which an unmodifiable view is to be returned
  Returns:
  an unmodifiable view of the specified navigable map
  Since:
  1.8
- synchronizedCollection
  public static <T> Collection<T> synchronizedCollection(Collection<T> c)
  Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) collection backed by the specified collection. In order to guarantee serial access, it is critical thatall access to the backing collection is accomplished through the returned collection.
  It is imperative that the user manually synchronize on the returned collection when traversing it viaIterator,Spliterator orStream:
  Collection c = Collections.synchronizedCollection(myCollection); ... synchronized (c) { Iterator i = c.iterator(); // Must be in the synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  Failure to follow this advice may result in non-deterministic behavior.
  The returned collection doesnot pass thehashCode andequals operations through to the backing collection, but relies onObject's equals and hashCode methods. This is necessary to preserve the contracts of these operations in the case that the backing collection is a set or a list.
  The returned collection will be serializable if the specified collection is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the collection
  Parameters:
  c - the collection to be "wrapped" in a synchronized collection.
  Returns:
  a synchronized view of the specified collection.
- synchronizedSet
  public static <T> Set<T> synchronizedSet(Set<T> s)
  Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) set backed by the specified set. In order to guarantee serial access, it is critical thatall access to the backing set is accomplished through the returned set.
  It is imperative that the user manually synchronize on the returned collection when traversing it viaIterator,Spliterator orStream:
  Set s = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet()); ... synchronized (s) { Iterator i = s.iterator(); // Must be in the synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  Failure to follow this advice may result in non-deterministic behavior.
  The returned set will be serializable if the specified set is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the set
  Parameters:
  s - the set to be "wrapped" in a synchronized set.
  Returns:
  a synchronized view of the specified set.
- synchronizedSortedSet
  public static <T> SortedSet<T> synchronizedSortedSet(SortedSet<T> s)
  Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) sorted set backed by the specified sorted set. In order to guarantee serial access, it is critical thatall access to the backing sorted set is accomplished through the returned sorted set (or its views).
  It is imperative that the user manually synchronize on the returned sorted set when traversing it or any of itssubSet,headSet, ortailSet views viaIterator,Spliterator orStream:
  SortedSet s = Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet()); ... synchronized (s) { Iterator i = s.iterator(); // Must be in the synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  or:
  SortedSet s = Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet()); SortedSet s2 = s.headSet(foo); ... synchronized (s) { // Note: s, not s2!!! Iterator i = s2.iterator(); // Must be in the synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  Failure to follow this advice may result in non-deterministic behavior.
  The returned sorted set will be serializable if the specified sorted set is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the set
  Parameters:
  s - the sorted set to be "wrapped" in a synchronized sorted set.
  Returns:
  a synchronized view of the specified sorted set.
- synchronizedNavigableSet
  public static <T> NavigableSet<T> synchronizedNavigableSet(NavigableSet<T> s)
  Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) navigable set backed by the specified navigable set. In order to guarantee serial access, it is critical thatall access to the backing navigable set is accomplished through the returned navigable set (or its views).
  It is imperative that the user manually synchronize on the returned navigable set when traversing it, or any of itssubSet,headSet, ortailSet views, viaIterator,Spliterator orStream:
  NavigableSet s = Collections.synchronizedNavigableSet(new TreeSet()); ... synchronized (s) { Iterator i = s.iterator(); // Must be in the synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  or:
  NavigableSet s = Collections.synchronizedNavigableSet(new TreeSet()); NavigableSet s2 = s.headSet(foo, true); ... synchronized (s) { // Note: s, not s2!!! Iterator i = s2.iterator(); // Must be in the synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  Failure to follow this advice may result in non-deterministic behavior.
  The returned navigable set will be serializable if the specified navigable set is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the set
  Parameters:
  s - the navigable set to be "wrapped" in a synchronized navigable set
  Returns:
  a synchronized view of the specified navigable set
  Since:
  1.8
- synchronizedList
  public static <T> List<T> synchronizedList(List<T> list)
  Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) list backed by the specified list. In order to guarantee serial access, it is critical thatall access to the backing list is accomplished through the returned list.
  It is imperative that the user manually synchronize on the returned list when traversing it viaIterator,Spliterator orStream:
  List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList()); ... synchronized (list) { Iterator i = list.iterator(); // Must be in synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  Failure to follow this advice may result in non-deterministic behavior.
  The returned list will be serializable if the specified list is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the list
  Parameters:
  list - the list to be "wrapped" in a synchronized list.
  Returns:
  a synchronized view of the specified list.
- synchronizedMap
  public static <K,V> Map<K,V> synchronizedMap(Map<K,V> m)
  Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) map backed by the specified map. In order to guarantee serial access, it is critical thatall access to the backing map is accomplished through the returned map.
  It is imperative that the user manually synchronize on the returned map when traversing any of its collection views viaIterator,Spliterator orStream:
  Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap()); ... Set s = m.keySet(); // Needn't be in synchronized block ... synchronized (m) { // Synchronizing on m, not s! Iterator i = s.iterator(); // Must be in synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  Failure to follow this advice may result in non-deterministic behavior.
  The returned map will be serializable if the specified map is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Parameters:
  m - the map to be "wrapped" in a synchronized map.
  Returns:
  a synchronized view of the specified map.
- synchronizedSortedMap
  public static <K,V> SortedMap<K,V> synchronizedSortedMap(SortedMap<K,V> m)
  Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) sorted map backed by the specified sorted map. In order to guarantee serial access, it is critical thatall access to the backing sorted map is accomplished through the returned sorted map (or its views).
  It is imperative that the user manually synchronize on the returned sorted map when traversing any of its collection views, or the collections views of any of itssubMap,headMap ortailMap views, viaIterator,Spliterator orStream:
  SortedMap m = Collections.synchronizedSortedMap(new TreeMap()); ... Set s = m.keySet(); // Needn't be in synchronized block ... synchronized (m) { // Synchronizing on m, not s! Iterator i = s.iterator(); // Must be in synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  or:
  SortedMap m = Collections.synchronizedSortedMap(new TreeMap()); SortedMap m2 = m.subMap(foo, bar); ... Set s2 = m2.keySet(); // Needn't be in synchronized block ... synchronized (m) { // Synchronizing on m, not m2 or s2! Iterator i = s2.iterator(); // Must be in synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  Failure to follow this advice may result in non-deterministic behavior.
  The returned sorted map will be serializable if the specified sorted map is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Parameters:
  m - the sorted map to be "wrapped" in a synchronized sorted map.
  Returns:
  a synchronized view of the specified sorted map.
- synchronizedNavigableMap
  public static <K,V> NavigableMap<K,V> synchronizedNavigableMap(NavigableMap<K,V> m)
  Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) navigable map backed by the specified navigable map. In order to guarantee serial access, it is critical thatall access to the backing navigable map is accomplished through the returned navigable map (or its views).
  It is imperative that the user manually synchronize on the returned navigable map when traversing any of its collection views, or the collections views of any of itssubMap,headMap ortailMap views, viaIterator,Spliterator orStream:
  NavigableMap m = Collections.synchronizedNavigableMap(new TreeMap()); ... Set s = m.keySet(); // Needn't be in synchronized block ... synchronized (m) { // Synchronizing on m, not s! Iterator i = s.iterator(); // Must be in synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  or:
  NavigableMap m = Collections.synchronizedNavigableMap(new TreeMap()); NavigableMap m2 = m.subMap(foo, true, bar, false); ... Set s2 = m2.keySet(); // Needn't be in synchronized block ... synchronized (m) { // Synchronizing on m, not m2 or s2! Iterator i = s2.iterator(); // Must be in synchronized block while (i.hasNext()) foo(i.next()); }
  Failure to follow this advice may result in non-deterministic behavior.
  The returned navigable map will be serializable if the specified navigable map is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Parameters:
  m - the navigable map to be "wrapped" in a synchronized navigable map
  Returns:
  a synchronized view of the specified navigable map.
  Since:
  1.8
- checkedCollection
  public static <E> Collection<E> checkedCollection(Collection<E> c,Class<E> type)
  Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified collection. Any attempt to insert an element of the wrong type will result in an immediateClassCastException. Assuming a collection contains no incorrectly typed elements prior to the time a dynamically typesafe view is generated, and that all subsequent access to the collection takes place through the view, it isguaranteed that the collection cannot contain an incorrectly typed element.
  The generics mechanism in the language provides compile-time (static) type checking, but it is possible to defeat this mechanism with unchecked casts. Usually this is not a problem, as the compiler issues warnings on all such unchecked operations. There are, however, times when static type checking alone is not sufficient. For example, suppose a collection is passed to a third-party library and it is imperative that the library code not corrupt the collection by inserting an element of the wrong type.
  Another use of dynamically typesafe views is debugging. Suppose a program fails with aClassCastException, indicating that an incorrectly typed element was put into a parameterized collection. Unfortunately, the exception can occur at any time after the erroneous element is inserted, so it typically provides little or no information as to the real source of the problem. If the problem is reproducible, one can quickly determine its source by temporarily modifying the program to wrap the collection with a dynamically typesafe view. For example, this declaration:
  Collection<String> c = new HashSet<>();
  may be replaced temporarily by this one:
  Collection<String> c = Collections.checkedCollection( new HashSet<>(), String.class);
  Running the program again will cause it to fail at the point where an incorrectly typed element is inserted into the collection, clearly identifying the source of the problem. Once the problem is fixed, the modified declaration may be reverted back to the original.
  The returned collection doesnot pass the hashCode and equals operations through to the backing collection, but relies onObject'sequals andhashCode methods. This is necessary to preserve the contracts of these operations in the case that the backing collection is a set or a list.
  The returned collection will be serializable if the specified collection is serializable.
  Sincenull is considered to be a value of any reference type, the returned collection permits insertion of null elements whenever the backing collection does.
  Type Parameters:
  E - the class of the objects in the collection
  Parameters:
  c - the collection for which a dynamically typesafe view is to be returned
  type - the type of element thatc is permitted to hold
  Returns:
  a dynamically typesafe view of the specified collection
  Since:
  1.5
- checkedQueue
  public static <E> Queue<E> checkedQueue(Queue<E> queue,Class<E> type)
  Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified queue. Any attempt to insert an element of the wrong type will result in an immediateClassCastException. Assuming a queue contains no incorrectly typed elements prior to the time a dynamically typesafe view is generated, and that all subsequent access to the queue takes place through the view, it isguaranteed that the queue cannot contain an incorrectly typed element.
  A discussion of the use of dynamically typesafe views may be found in the documentation for thecheckedCollection method.
  The returned queue will be serializable if the specified queue is serializable.
  Sincenull is considered to be a value of any reference type, the returned queue permits insertion ofnull elements whenever the backing queue does.
  Type Parameters:
  E - the class of the objects in the queue
  Parameters:
  queue - the queue for which a dynamically typesafe view is to be returned
  type - the type of element thatqueue is permitted to hold
  Returns:
  a dynamically typesafe view of the specified queue
  Since:
  1.8
- checkedSet
  public static <E> Set<E> checkedSet(Set<E> s,Class<E> type)
  Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified set. Any attempt to insert an element of the wrong type will result in an immediateClassCastException. Assuming a set contains no incorrectly typed elements prior to the time a dynamically typesafe view is generated, and that all subsequent access to the set takes place through the view, it isguaranteed that the set cannot contain an incorrectly typed element.
  A discussion of the use of dynamically typesafe views may be found in the documentation for thecheckedCollection method.
  The returned set will be serializable if the specified set is serializable.
  Sincenull is considered to be a value of any reference type, the returned set permits insertion of null elements whenever the backing set does.
  Type Parameters:
  E - the class of the objects in the set
  Parameters:
  s - the set for which a dynamically typesafe view is to be returned
  type - the type of element thats is permitted to hold
  Returns:
  a dynamically typesafe view of the specified set
  Since:
  1.5
- checkedSortedSet
  public static <E> SortedSet<E> checkedSortedSet(SortedSet<E> s,Class<E> type)
  Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified sorted set. Any attempt to insert an element of the wrong type will result in an immediateClassCastException. Assuming a sorted set contains no incorrectly typed elements prior to the time a dynamically typesafe view is generated, and that all subsequent access to the sorted set takes place through the view, it isguaranteed that the sorted set cannot contain an incorrectly typed element.
  A discussion of the use of dynamically typesafe views may be found in the documentation for thecheckedCollection method.
  The returned sorted set will be serializable if the specified sorted set is serializable.
  Sincenull is considered to be a value of any reference type, the returned sorted set permits insertion of null elements whenever the backing sorted set does.
  Type Parameters:
  E - the class of the objects in the set
  Parameters:
  s - the sorted set for which a dynamically typesafe view is to be returned
  type - the type of element thats is permitted to hold
  Returns:
  a dynamically typesafe view of the specified sorted set
  Since:
  1.5
- checkedNavigableSet
  public static <E> NavigableSet<E> checkedNavigableSet(NavigableSet<E> s,Class<E> type)
  Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified navigable set. Any attempt to insert an element of the wrong type will result in an immediateClassCastException. Assuming a navigable set contains no incorrectly typed elements prior to the time a dynamically typesafe view is generated, and that all subsequent access to the navigable set takes place through the view, it isguaranteed that the navigable set cannot contain an incorrectly typed element.
  A discussion of the use of dynamically typesafe views may be found in the documentation for thecheckedCollection method.
  The returned navigable set will be serializable if the specified navigable set is serializable.
  Sincenull is considered to be a value of any reference type, the returned navigable set permits insertion of null elements whenever the backing sorted set does.
  Type Parameters:
  E - the class of the objects in the set
  Parameters:
  s - the navigable set for which a dynamically typesafe view is to be returned
  type - the type of element thats is permitted to hold
  Returns:
  a dynamically typesafe view of the specified navigable set
  Since:
  1.8
- checkedList
  public static <E> List<E> checkedList(List<E> list,Class<E> type)
  Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified list. Any attempt to insert an element of the wrong type will result in an immediateClassCastException. Assuming a list contains no incorrectly typed elements prior to the time a dynamically typesafe view is generated, and that all subsequent access to the list takes place through the view, it isguaranteed that the list cannot contain an incorrectly typed element.
  A discussion of the use of dynamically typesafe views may be found in the documentation for thecheckedCollection method.
  The returned list will be serializable if the specified list is serializable.
  Sincenull is considered to be a value of any reference type, the returned list permits insertion of null elements whenever the backing list does.
  Type Parameters:
  E - the class of the objects in the list
  Parameters:
  list - the list for which a dynamically typesafe view is to be returned
  type - the type of element thatlist is permitted to hold
  Returns:
  a dynamically typesafe view of the specified list
  Since:
  1.5
- checkedMap
  public static <K,V> Map<K,V> checkedMap(Map<K,V> m,Class<K> keyType,Class<V> valueType)
  Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified map. Any attempt to insert a mapping whose key or value have the wrong type will result in an immediateClassCastException. Similarly, any attempt to modify the value currently associated with a key will result in an immediateClassCastException, whether the modification is attempted directly through the map itself, or through aMap.Entry instance obtained from the map'sentry set view.
  Assuming a map contains no incorrectly typed keys or values prior to the time a dynamically typesafe view is generated, and that all subsequent access to the map takes place through the view (or one of its collection views), it isguaranteed that the map cannot contain an incorrectly typed key or value.
  A discussion of the use of dynamically typesafe views may be found in the documentation for thecheckedCollection method.
  The returned map will be serializable if the specified map is serializable.
  Sincenull is considered to be a value of any reference type, the returned map permits insertion of null keys or values whenever the backing map does.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Parameters:
  m - the map for which a dynamically typesafe view is to be returned
  keyType - the type of key thatm is permitted to hold
  valueType - the type of value thatm is permitted to hold
  Returns:
  a dynamically typesafe view of the specified map
  Since:
  1.5
- checkedSortedMap
  public static <K,V> SortedMap<K,V> checkedSortedMap(SortedMap<K,V> m,Class<K> keyType,Class<V> valueType)
  Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified sorted map. Any attempt to insert a mapping whose key or value have the wrong type will result in an immediateClassCastException. Similarly, any attempt to modify the value currently associated with a key will result in an immediateClassCastException, whether the modification is attempted directly through the map itself, or through aMap.Entry instance obtained from the map'sentry set view.
  Assuming a map contains no incorrectly typed keys or values prior to the time a dynamically typesafe view is generated, and that all subsequent access to the map takes place through the view (or one of its collection views), it isguaranteed that the map cannot contain an incorrectly typed key or value.
  A discussion of the use of dynamically typesafe views may be found in the documentation for thecheckedCollection method.
  The returned map will be serializable if the specified map is serializable.
  Sincenull is considered to be a value of any reference type, the returned map permits insertion of null keys or values whenever the backing map does.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Parameters:
  m - the map for which a dynamically typesafe view is to be returned
  keyType - the type of key thatm is permitted to hold
  valueType - the type of value thatm is permitted to hold
  Returns:
  a dynamically typesafe view of the specified map
  Since:
  1.5
- checkedNavigableMap
  public static <K,V> NavigableMap<K,V> checkedNavigableMap(NavigableMap<K,V> m,Class<K> keyType,Class<V> valueType)
  Returns a dynamically typesafe view of the specified navigable map. Any attempt to insert a mapping whose key or value have the wrong type will result in an immediateClassCastException. Similarly, any attempt to modify the value currently associated with a key will result in an immediateClassCastException, whether the modification is attempted directly through the map itself, or through aMap.Entry instance obtained from the map'sentry set view.
  Assuming a map contains no incorrectly typed keys or values prior to the time a dynamically typesafe view is generated, and that all subsequent access to the map takes place through the view (or one of its collection views), it isguaranteed that the map cannot contain an incorrectly typed key or value.
  A discussion of the use of dynamically typesafe views may be found in the documentation for thecheckedCollection method.
  The returned map will be serializable if the specified map is serializable.
  Sincenull is considered to be a value of any reference type, the returned map permits insertion of null keys or values whenever the backing map does.
  Type Parameters:
  K - type of map keys
  V - type of map values
  Parameters:
  m - the map for which a dynamically typesafe view is to be returned
  keyType - the type of key thatm is permitted to hold
  valueType - the type of value thatm is permitted to hold
  Returns:
  a dynamically typesafe view of the specified map
  Since:
  1.8
- emptyIterator
  public static <T> Iterator<T> emptyIterator()
  Returns an iterator that has no elements. More precisely,
  hasNext always returns false.
  next always throwsNoSuchElementException.
  remove always throwsIllegalStateException.
  Implementations of this method are permitted, but not required, to return the same object from multiple invocations.
  Type Parameters:
  T - type of elements, if there were any, in the iterator
  Returns:
  an empty iterator
  Since:
  1.7
- emptyListIterator
  public static <T> ListIterator<T> emptyListIterator()
  Returns a list iterator that has no elements. More precisely,
  hasNext andhasPrevious always return false.
  next andprevious always throwNoSuchElementException.
  remove andset always throwIllegalStateException.
  add always throwsUnsupportedOperationException.
  nextIndex always returns0.
  previousIndex always returns-1.
  Implementations of this method are permitted, but not required, to return the same object from multiple invocations.
  Type Parameters:
  T - type of elements, if there were any, in the iterator
  Returns:
  an empty list iterator
  Since:
  1.7
- emptyEnumeration
  public static <T> Enumeration<T> emptyEnumeration()
  Returns an enumeration that has no elements. More precisely,
  hasMoreElements always returnsfalse.
  nextElement always throwsNoSuchElementException.
  Implementations of this method are permitted, but not required, to return the same object from multiple invocations.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the enumeration
  Returns:
  an empty enumeration
  Since:
  1.7
- emptySet
  public static final <T> Set<T> emptySet()
  Returns an empty set (immutable). This set is serializable. Unlike the like-named field, this method is parameterized.
  This example illustrates the type-safe way to obtain an empty set:
  Set<String> s = Collections.emptySet();
  Implementation Note:
  Implementations of this method need not create a separateSet object for each call. Using this method is likely to have comparable cost to using the like-named field. (Unlike this method, the field does not provide type safety.)
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the set
  Returns:
  the empty set
  Since:
  1.5
  See Also:
  EMPTY_SET
- emptySortedSet
  public static <E> SortedSet<E> emptySortedSet()
  Returns an empty sorted set (immutable). This set is serializable.
  This example illustrates the type-safe way to obtain an empty sorted set:
  SortedSet<String> s = Collections.emptySortedSet();
  Implementation Note:
  Implementations of this method need not create a separateSortedSet object for each call.
  Type Parameters:
  E - type of elements, if there were any, in the set
  Returns:
  the empty sorted set
  Since:
  1.8
- emptyNavigableSet
  public static <E> NavigableSet<E> emptyNavigableSet()
  Returns an empty navigable set (immutable). This set is serializable.
  This example illustrates the type-safe way to obtain an empty navigable set:
  NavigableSet<String> s = Collections.emptyNavigableSet();
  Implementation Note:
  Implementations of this method need not create a separateNavigableSet object for each call.
  Type Parameters:
  E - type of elements, if there were any, in the set
  Returns:
  the empty navigable set
  Since:
  1.8
- emptyList
  public static final <T> List<T> emptyList()
  Returns an empty list (immutable). This list is serializable.
  This example illustrates the type-safe way to obtain an empty list:
  List<String> s = Collections.emptyList();
  Implementation Note:
  Implementations of this method need not create a separateList object for each call. Using this method is likely to have comparable cost to using the like-named field. (Unlike this method, the field does not provide type safety.)
  Type Parameters:
  T - type of elements, if there were any, in the list
  Returns:
  an empty immutable list
  Since:
  1.5
  See Also:
  EMPTY_LIST
- emptyMap
  public static final <K,V> Map<K,V> emptyMap()
  Returns an empty map (immutable). This map is serializable.
  This example illustrates the type-safe way to obtain an empty map:
  Map<String, Date> s = Collections.emptyMap();
  Implementation Note:
  Implementations of this method need not create a separateMap object for each call. Using this method is likely to have comparable cost to using the like-named field. (Unlike this method, the field does not provide type safety.)
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Returns:
  an empty map
  Since:
  1.5
  See Also:
  EMPTY_MAP
- emptySortedMap
  public static final <K,V> SortedMap<K,V> emptySortedMap()
  Returns an empty sorted map (immutable). This map is serializable.
  This example illustrates the type-safe way to obtain an empty map:
  SortedMap<String, Date> s = Collections.emptySortedMap();
  Implementation Note:
  Implementations of this method need not create a separateSortedMap object for each call.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Returns:
  an empty sorted map
  Since:
  1.8
- emptyNavigableMap
  public static final <K,V> NavigableMap<K,V> emptyNavigableMap()
  Returns an empty navigable map (immutable). This map is serializable.
  This example illustrates the type-safe way to obtain an empty map:
  NavigableMap<String, Date> s = Collections.emptyNavigableMap();
  Implementation Note:
  Implementations of this method need not create a separateNavigableMap object for each call.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Returns:
  an empty navigable map
  Since:
  1.8
- singleton
  public static <T> Set<T> singleton(T o)
  Returns an immutable set containing only the specified object. The returned set is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the set
  Parameters:
  o - the sole object to be stored in the returned set.
  Returns:
  an immutable set containing only the specified object.
- singletonList
  public static <T> List<T> singletonList(T o)
  Returns an immutable list containing only the specified object. The returned list is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the list
  Parameters:
  o - the sole object to be stored in the returned list.
  Returns:
  an immutable list containing only the specified object.
  Since:
  1.3
- singletonMap
  public static <K,V> Map<K,V> singletonMap(K key, V value)
  Returns an immutable map, mapping only the specified key to the specified value. The returned map is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  K - the class of the map keys
  V - the class of the map values
  Parameters:
  key - the sole key to be stored in the returned map.
  value - the value to which the returned map mapskey.
  Returns:
  an immutable map containing only the specified key-value mapping.
  Since:
  1.3
- nCopies
  public static <T> List<T> nCopies(int n, T o)
  Returns an immutable list consisting ofn copies of the specified object. The newly allocated data object is tiny (it contains a single reference to the data object). This method is useful in combination with theList.addAll method to grow lists. The returned list is serializable.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the object to copy and of the objects in the returned list.
  Parameters:
  n - the number of elements in the returned list.
  o - the element to appear repeatedly in the returned list.
  Returns:
  an immutable list consisting ofn copies of the specified object.
  Throws:
  IllegalArgumentException - ifn < 0
  See Also:
  List.addAll(Collection)
  List.addAll(int, Collection)
- reverseOrder
  public static <T> Comparator<T> reverseOrder()
  Returns a comparator that imposes the reverse of thenatural ordering on a collection of objects that implement theComparable interface. (The natural ordering is the ordering imposed by the objects' owncompareTo method.) This enables a simple idiom for sorting (or maintaining) collections (or arrays) of objects that implement theComparable interface in reverse-natural-order. For example, supposea is an array of strings. Then:
  Arrays.sort(a, Collections.reverseOrder());
  sorts the array in reverse-lexicographic (alphabetical) order.
  The returned comparator is serializable.
  API Note:
  This method returns aComparator that is suitable for sorting elements in reverse order. To obtain a reverse-orderedview of a sequenced collection, use theSequencedCollection.reversed method. Or, to obtain a reverse-orderedview of a sequenced map, use theSequencedMap.reversed method.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects compared by the comparator
  Returns:
  A comparator that imposes the reverse of thenatural ordering on a collection of objects that implement theComparable interface.
  See Also:
  Comparable
- reverseOrder
  public static <T> Comparator<T> reverseOrder(Comparator<T> cmp)
  Returns a comparator that imposes the reverse ordering of the specified comparator. If the specified comparator isnull, this method is equivalent toreverseOrder() (in other words, it returns a comparator that imposes the reverse of thenatural ordering on a collection of objects that implement the Comparable interface).
  The returned comparator is serializable (assuming the specified comparator is also serializable ornull).
  API Note:
  This method returns aComparator that is suitable for sorting elements in reverse order. To obtain a reverse-orderedview of a sequenced collection, use theSequencedCollection.reversed method. Or, to obtain a reverse-orderedview of a sequenced map, use theSequencedMap.reversed method.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects compared by the comparator
  Parameters:
  cmp - a comparator who's ordering is to be reversed by the returned comparator ornull
  Returns:
  A comparator that imposes the reverse ordering of the specified comparator.
  Since:
  1.5
- enumeration
  public static <T> Enumeration<T> enumeration(Collection<T> c)
  Returns an enumeration over the specified collection. This provides interoperability with legacy APIs that require an enumeration as input.
  The iterator returned from a call toEnumeration.asIterator() does not support removal of elements from the specified collection. This is necessary to avoid unintentionally increasing the capabilities of the returned enumeration.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the collection
  Parameters:
  c - the collection for which an enumeration is to be returned.
  Returns:
  an enumeration over the specified collection.
  See Also:
  Enumeration
- list
  public static <T> ArrayList<T> list(Enumeration<T> e)
  Returns an array list containing the elements returned by the specified enumeration in the order they are returned by the enumeration. This method provides interoperability between legacy APIs that return enumerations and new APIs that require collections.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects returned by the enumeration
  Parameters:
  e - enumeration providing elements for the returned array list
  Returns:
  an array list containing the elements returned by the specified enumeration.
  Since:
  1.4
  See Also:
  Enumeration
  ArrayList
- frequency
  public static int frequency(Collection<?> c,Object o)
  Returns the number of elements in the specified collection equal to the specified object. More formally, returns the number of elementse in the collection such thatObjects.equals(o, e).
  Parameters:
  c - the collection in which to determine the frequency ofo
  o - the object whose frequency is to be determined
  Returns:
  the number of elements inc equal too
  Throws:
  NullPointerException - ifc is null
  Since:
  1.5
- disjoint
  public static boolean disjoint(Collection<?> c1,Collection<?> c2)
  Returnstrue if the two specified collections have no elements in common.
  Care must be exercised if this method is used on collections that do not comply with the general contract forCollection. Implementations may elect to iterate over either collection and test for containment in the other collection (or to perform any equivalent computation). If either collection uses a nonstandard equality test (as does aSortedSet whose ordering is notcompatible with equals, or the key set of anIdentityHashMap), both collections must use the same nonstandard equality test, or the result of this method is undefined.
  Care must also be exercised when using collections that have restrictions on the elements that they may contain. Collection implementations are allowed to throw exceptions for any operation involving elements they deem ineligible. For absolute safety the specified collections should contain only elements which are eligible elements for both collections.
  Note that it is permissible to pass the same collection in both parameters, in which case the method will returntrue if and only if the collection is empty.
  Parameters:
  c1 - a collection
  c2 - a collection
  Returns:
  true if the two specified collections have no elements in common.
  Throws:
  NullPointerException - if either collection isnull.
  NullPointerException - if one collection contains anull element andnull is not an eligible element for the other collection. (optional)
  ClassCastException - if one collection contains an element that is of a type which is ineligible for the other collection. (optional)
  Since:
  1.5
- addAll
  @SafeVarargspublic static <T> boolean addAll(Collection<? super T> c, T... elements)
  Adds all of the specified elements to the specified collection. Elements to be added may be specified individually or as an array. The behaviour of this convenience method is similar to that ofc.addAll(Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(elements))).
  When elements are specified individually, this method provides a convenient way to add a few elements to an existing collection:
  Collections.addAll(flavors, "Peaches 'n Plutonium", "Rocky Racoon");
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the elements to add and of the collection
  Parameters:
  c - the collection into whichelements are to be inserted
  elements - the elements to insert intoc
  Returns:
  true if the collection changed as a result of the call
  Throws:
  UnsupportedOperationException - ifc does not support theadd operation
  NullPointerException - ifelements contains one or more null values andc does not permit null elements, or ifc orelements arenull
  IllegalArgumentException - if some property of a value inelements prevents it from being added toc
  Since:
  1.5
  See Also:
  Collection.addAll(Collection)
- newSetFromMap
  public static <E> Set<E> newSetFromMap(Map<E,Boolean> map)
  Returns a set backed by the specified map. The resulting set displays the same ordering, concurrency, and performance characteristics as the backing map. In essence, this factory method provides aSet implementation corresponding to anyMap implementation. There is no need to use this method on aMap implementation that already has a correspondingSet implementation (such asHashMap orTreeMap).
  Each method invocation on the set returned by this method results in exactly one method invocation on the backing map or itskeySet view, with one exception. TheaddAll method is implemented as a sequence ofput invocations on the backing map.
  The specified map must be empty at the time this method is invoked, and should not be accessed directly after this method returns. These conditions are ensured if the map is created empty, passed directly to this method, and no reference to the map is retained, as illustrated in the following code fragment:
  Set<Object> weakHashSet = Collections.newSetFromMap( new WeakHashMap<Object, Boolean>());
  Type Parameters:
  E - the class of the map keys and of the objects in the returned set
  Parameters:
  map - the backing map
  Returns:
  the set backed by the map
  Throws:
  IllegalArgumentException - ifmap is not empty
  Since:
  1.6
- newSequencedSetFromMap
  public static <E> SequencedSet<E> newSequencedSetFromMap(SequencedMap<E,Boolean> map)
  Returns a sequenced set backed by the specified map. The resulting set displays the same ordering, concurrency, and performance characteristics as the backing map. In essence, this factory method provides aSequencedSet implementation corresponding to anySequencedMap implementation.
  Each method invocation on the set returned by this method results in exactly one method invocation on the backing map or itskeySet view, with one exception. TheaddAll method is implemented as a sequence ofput invocations on the backing map.
  The specified map must be empty at the time this method is invoked, and should not be accessed directly after this method returns. These conditions are ensured if the map is created empty, passed directly to this method, and no reference to the map is retained.
  API Note:
  The following example code creates aSequencedSet from aLinkedHashMap. This differs from aLinkedHashSet in that the map'sremoveEldestEntry is overridden to provide an eviction policy, which is not possible with aLinkedHashSet.
  SequencedSet<String> set = Collections.newSequencedSetFromMap( new LinkedHashMap<String, Boolean>() { protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<String, Boolean> e) { return this.size() > 5; } });
  Type Parameters:
  E - the class of the map keys and of the objects in the returned set
  Parameters:
  map - the backing map
  Returns:
  the set backed by the map
  Throws:
  IllegalArgumentException - ifmap is not empty
  Since:
  21
- asLifoQueue
  public static <T> Queue<T> asLifoQueue(Deque<T> deque)
  Returns a view of aDeque as a Last-in-first-out (Lifo)Queue. Methodadd is mapped topush,remove is mapped topop and so on. This view can be useful when you would like to use a method requiring aQueue but you need Lifo ordering.
  Each method invocation on the queue returned by this method results in exactly one method invocation on the backing deque, with one exception. TheaddAll method is implemented as a sequence ofaddFirst invocations on the backing deque.
  API Note:
  This method provides a view that inverts the sense of certain operations, but it doesn't reverse the encounter order. To obtain a reverse-ordered view, use theDeque.reversed method.
  Type Parameters:
  T - the class of the objects in the deque
  Parameters:
  deque - the deque
  Returns:
  the queue
  Since:
  1.6

Movatterモバイル変換

Class Collections

Field Summary

Method Summary

Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

Field Details

EMPTY_SET

EMPTY_LIST

EMPTY_MAP

Method Details

sort

sort

binarySearch

binarySearch

reverse

shuffle

shuffle

shuffle

swap

fill

copy

min

min

max

max

rotate

replaceAll

indexOfSubList

lastIndexOfSubList

unmodifiableCollection

unmodifiableSequencedCollection

unmodifiableSet

unmodifiableSequencedSet

unmodifiableSortedSet

unmodifiableNavigableSet

unmodifiableList

unmodifiableMap

unmodifiableSequencedMap

unmodifiableSortedMap

unmodifiableNavigableMap

synchronizedCollection

synchronizedSet

synchronizedSortedSet

synchronizedNavigableSet

synchronizedList

synchronizedMap

synchronizedSortedMap

synchronizedNavigableMap

checkedCollection

checkedQueue

checkedSet

checkedSortedSet

checkedNavigableSet

checkedList

checkedMap

checkedSortedMap

checkedNavigableMap

emptyIterator

emptyListIterator

emptyEnumeration

emptySet

emptySortedSet

emptyNavigableSet

emptyList

emptyMap

emptySortedMap

emptyNavigableMap

singleton

singletonList

singletonMap

nCopies

reverseOrder

reverseOrder

enumeration

list

frequency

disjoint

addAll

newSetFromMap

newSequencedSetFromMap