Class ThreadLocal<T>

java.lang.Object
java.lang.ThreadLocal<T>
Type Parameters:
T - the type of the thread local's value
Direct Known Subclasses:
InheritableThreadLocal
public classThreadLocal<T>extendsObject
This class provides thread-local variables. These variables differ from their normal counterparts in that each thread that accesses one (via itsget orset method) has its own, independently initialized copy of the variable.ThreadLocal instances are typically private static fields in classes that wish to associate state with a thread (e.g., a user ID or Transaction ID).

For example, the class below generates unique identifiers local to each thread. A thread's id is assigned the first time it invokesThreadId.get() and remains unchanged on subsequent calls.

 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; public class ThreadId {     // Atomic integer containing the next thread ID to be assigned     private static final AtomicInteger nextId = new AtomicInteger(0);     // Thread local variable containing each thread's ID     private static final ThreadLocal<Integer> threadId =         new ThreadLocal<Integer>() {             @Override protected Integer initialValue() {                 return nextId.getAndIncrement();         }     };     // Returns the current thread's unique ID, assigning it if necessary     public static int get() {         return threadId.get();     } }

Each thread holds an implicit reference to its copy of a thread-local variable as long as the thread is alive and theThreadLocal instance is accessible; after a thread goes away, all of its copies of thread-local instances are subject to garbage collection (unless other references to these copies exist).

Since:
1.2

  • Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor
    Description
    Creates a thread local variable.

  • Method Summary

    Modifier and Type
    Method
    Description
    get()
    Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable.
    protectedT
    Returns the current thread's "initial value" for this thread-local variable.
    void
    Removes the current thread's value for this thread-local variable.
    void
    set(T value)
    Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable to the specified value.
    static <S> ThreadLocal<S>
    withInitial(Supplier<? extends S> supplier)
    Creates a thread local variable.

  • Constructor Details

  • Method Details

    • initialValue

      protected T initialValue()
      Returns the current thread's "initial value" for this thread-local variable. This method will be invoked the first time a thread accesses the variable with theget() method, unless the thread previously invoked theset(T) method, in which case theinitialValue method will not be invoked for the thread. Normally, this method is invoked at most once per thread, but it may be invoked again in case of subsequent invocations ofremove() followed byget().
      Implementation Requirements:
      This implementation simply returnsnull; if the programmer desires thread-local variables to have an initial value other thannull, then eitherThreadLocal can be subclassed and this method overridden or the methodwithInitial(Supplier) can be used to construct aThreadLocal.
      Returns:
      the initial value for this thread-local
      See Also:

    • withInitial

      public static <S> ThreadLocal<S> withInitial(Supplier<? extends S> supplier)
      Creates a thread local variable. The initial value of the variable is determined by invoking theget method on theSupplier.
      Type Parameters:
      S - the type of the thread local's value
      Parameters:
      supplier - the supplier to be used to determine the initial value
      Returns:
      a new thread local variable
      Throws:
      NullPointerException - if the specified supplier is null
      Since:
      1.8

    • get

      public T get()
      Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable. If the variable has no value for the current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned by an invocation of theinitialValue() method.
      Returns:
      the current thread's value of this thread-local

    • set

      public void set(T value)
      Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable to the specified value. Most subclasses will have no need to override this method, relying solely on theinitialValue() method to set the values of thread-locals.
      Parameters:
      value - the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of this thread-local.

    • remove

      public void remove()
      Removes the current thread's value for this thread-local variable. If this thread-local variable is subsequentlyread by the current thread, its value will be reinitialized by invoking itsinitialValue() method, unless its value isset by the current thread in the interim. This may result in multiple invocations of theinitialValue method in the current thread.
      Since:
      1.5