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Method Summary

• Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

  clone,equals,finalize,getClass,hashCode,notify,notifyAll,toString,wait,wait,wait

Method Detail

• sort

  public static void sort​(int[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

• sort

  public static void sort​(int[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• sort

  public static void sort​(long[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

• sort

  public static void sort​(long[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• sort

  public static void sort​(short[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

• sort

  public static void sort​(short[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• sort

  public static void sort​(char[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

• sort

  public static void sort​(char[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• sort

  public static void sort​(byte[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

• sort

  public static void sort​(byte[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• sort

  public static void sort​(float[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  The< relation does not provide a total order on all float values:-0.0f == 0.0f istrue and aFloat.NaN value compares neither less than, greater than, nor equal to any value, even itself. This method uses the total order imposed by the methodFloat.compareTo(java.lang.Float):-0.0f is treated as less than value0.0f andFloat.NaN is considered greater than any other value and allFloat.NaN values are considered equal.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

• sort

  public static void sort​(float[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  The< relation does not provide a total order on all float values:-0.0f == 0.0f istrue and aFloat.NaN value compares neither less than, greater than, nor equal to any value, even itself. This method uses the total order imposed by the methodFloat.compareTo(java.lang.Float):-0.0f is treated as less than value0.0f andFloat.NaN is considered greater than any other value and allFloat.NaN values are considered equal.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• sort

  public static void sort​(double[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  The< relation does not provide a total order on all double values:-0.0d == 0.0d istrue and aDouble.NaN value compares neither less than, greater than, nor equal to any value, even itself. This method uses the total order imposed by the methodDouble.compareTo(java.lang.Double):-0.0d is treated as less than value0.0d andDouble.NaN is considered greater than any other value and allDouble.NaN values are considered equal.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

• sort

  public static void sort​(double[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  The< relation does not provide a total order on all double values:-0.0d == 0.0d istrue and aDouble.NaN value compares neither less than, greater than, nor equal to any value, even itself. This method uses the total order imposed by the methodDouble.compareTo(java.lang.Double):-0.0d is treated as less than value0.0d andDouble.NaN is considered greater than any other value and allDouble.NaN values are considered equal.

  Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(byte[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(byte[] a,                                int fromIndex,                                int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending numerical order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the specified range of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(char[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(char[] a,                                int fromIndex,                                int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending numerical order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the specified range of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(short[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(short[] a,                                int fromIndex,                                int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending numerical order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the specified range of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(int[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(int[] a,                                int fromIndex,                                int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending numerical order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the specified range of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(long[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(long[] a,                                int fromIndex,                                int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending numerical order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the specified range of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(float[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  The< relation does not provide a total order on all float values:-0.0f == 0.0f istrue and aFloat.NaN value compares neither less than, greater than, nor equal to any value, even itself. This method uses the total order imposed by the methodFloat.compareTo(java.lang.Float):-0.0f is treated as less than value0.0f andFloat.NaN is considered greater than any other value and allFloat.NaN values are considered equal.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(float[] a,                                int fromIndex,                                int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending numerical order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  The< relation does not provide a total order on all float values:-0.0f == 0.0f istrue and aFloat.NaN value compares neither less than, greater than, nor equal to any value, even itself. This method uses the total order imposed by the methodFloat.compareTo(java.lang.Float):-0.0f is treated as less than value0.0f andFloat.NaN is considered greater than any other value and allFloat.NaN values are considered equal.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the specified range of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(double[] a)

  Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.

  The< relation does not provide a total order on all double values:-0.0d == 0.0d istrue and aDouble.NaN value compares neither less than, greater than, nor equal to any value, even itself. This method uses the total order imposed by the methodDouble.compareTo(java.lang.Double):-0.0d is treated as less than value0.0d andDouble.NaN is considered greater than any other value and allDouble.NaN values are considered equal.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static void parallelSort​(double[] a,                                int fromIndex,                                int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the array into ascending numerical order. The range to be sorted extends from the indexfromIndex, inclusive, to the indextoIndex, exclusive. IffromIndex == toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.

  The< relation does not provide a total order on all double values:-0.0d == 0.0d istrue and aDouble.NaN value compares neither less than, greater than, nor equal to any value, even itself. This method uses the total order imposed by the methodDouble.compareTo(java.lang.Double):-0.0d is treated as less than value0.0d andDouble.NaN is considered greater than any other value and allDouble.NaN values are considered equal.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the specified range of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive, to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive, to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static <T extendsComparable<? super T>> void parallelSort​(T[] a)

  Sorts the specified array of objects into ascending order, according to thenatural ordering of its elements. All elements in the array must implement theComparable interface. Furthermore, all elements in the array must bemutually comparable (that is,e1.compareTo(e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the array).

  This sort is guaranteed to bestable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects to be sorted

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  Throws:

  ClassCastException - if the array contains elements that are notmutually comparable (for example, strings and integers)

  IllegalArgumentException - (optional) if the natural ordering of the array elements is found to violate theComparable contract

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static <T extendsComparable<? super T>> void parallelSort​(T[] a,                                                                  int fromIndex,                                                                  int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the specified array of objects into ascending order, according to thenatural ordering of its elements. The range to be sorted extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.) All elements in this range must implement theComparable interface. Furthermore, all elements in this range must bemutually comparable (that is,e1.compareTo(e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the array).

  This sort is guaranteed to bestable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the specified range of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects to be sorted

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex or (optional) if the natural ordering of the array elements is found to violate theComparable contract

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

  ClassCastException - if the array contains elements that are notmutually comparable (for example, strings and integers).

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static <T> void parallelSort​(T[] a,Comparator<? super T> cmp)

  Sorts the specified array of objects according to the order induced by the specified comparator. All elements in the array must bemutually comparable by the specified comparator (that is,c.compare(e1, e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the array).

  This sort is guaranteed to bestable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects to be sorted

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  cmp - the comparator to determine the order of the array. Anull value indicates that the elements'natural ordering should be used.

  Throws:

  ClassCastException - if the array contains elements that are notmutually comparable using the specified comparator

  IllegalArgumentException - (optional) if the comparator is found to violate theComparator contract

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSort

  public static <T> void parallelSort​(T[] a,                                    int fromIndex,                                    int toIndex,Comparator<? super T> cmp)

  Sorts the specified range of the specified array of objects according to the order induced by the specified comparator. The range to be sorted extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.) All elements in the range must bemutually comparable by the specified comparator (that is,c.compare(e1, e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the range).

  This sort is guaranteed to bestable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort.

  Implementation Note:

  The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged. When the sub-array length reaches a minimum granularity, the sub-array is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. If the length of the specified array is less than the minimum granularity, then it is sorted using the appropriateArrays.sort method. The algorithm requires a working space no greater than the size of the specified range of the original array. TheForkJoin common pool is used to execute any parallel tasks.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects to be sorted

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted

  cmp - the comparator to determine the order of the array. Anull value indicates that the elements'natural ordering should be used.

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex or (optional) if the natural ordering of the array elements is found to violate theComparable contract

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

  ClassCastException - if the array contains elements that are notmutually comparable (for example, strings and integers).

  Since:

  1.8

• sort

  public static void sort​(Object[] a)

  Sorts the specified array of objects into ascending order, according to thenatural ordering of its elements. All elements in the array must implement theComparable interface. Furthermore, all elements in the array must bemutually comparable (that is,e1.compareTo(e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the array).

  This sort is guaranteed to bestable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort.

  Implementation note: This implementation is a stable, adaptive, iterative mergesort that requires far fewer than n lg(n) comparisons when the input array is partially sorted, while offering the performance of a traditional mergesort when the input array is randomly ordered. If the input array is nearly sorted, the implementation requires approximately n comparisons. Temporary storage requirements vary from a small constant for nearly sorted input arrays to n/2 object references for randomly ordered input arrays.

  The implementation takes equal advantage of ascending and descending order in its input array, and can take advantage of ascending and descending order in different parts of the same input array. It is well-suited to merging two or more sorted arrays: simply concatenate the arrays and sort the resulting array.

  The implementation was adapted from Tim Peters's list sort for Python ( TimSort). It uses techniques from Peter McIlroy's "Optimistic Sorting and Information Theoretic Complexity", in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp 467-474, January 1993.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  Throws:

  ClassCastException - if the array contains elements that are notmutually comparable (for example, strings and integers)

  IllegalArgumentException - (optional) if the natural ordering of the array elements is found to violate theComparable contract

• sort

  public static void sort​(Object[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex)

  Sorts the specified range of the specified array of objects into ascending order, according to thenatural ordering of its elements. The range to be sorted extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.) All elements in this range must implement theComparable interface. Furthermore, all elements in this range must bemutually comparable (that is,e1.compareTo(e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the array).

  This sort is guaranteed to bestable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort.

  Implementation note: This implementation is a stable, adaptive, iterative mergesort that requires far fewer than n lg(n) comparisons when the input array is partially sorted, while offering the performance of a traditional mergesort when the input array is randomly ordered. If the input array is nearly sorted, the implementation requires approximately n comparisons. Temporary storage requirements vary from a small constant for nearly sorted input arrays to n/2 object references for randomly ordered input arrays.

  The implementation takes equal advantage of ascending and descending order in its input array, and can take advantage of ascending and descending order in different parts of the same input array. It is well-suited to merging two or more sorted arrays: simply concatenate the arrays and sort the resulting array.

  The implementation was adapted from Tim Peters's list sort for Python ( TimSort). It uses techniques from Peter McIlroy's "Optimistic Sorting and Information Theoretic Complexity", in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp 467-474, January 1993.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex or (optional) if the natural ordering of the array elements is found to violate theComparable contract

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

  ClassCastException - if the array contains elements that are notmutually comparable (for example, strings and integers).

• sort

  public static <T> void sort​(T[] a,Comparator<? super T> c)

  Sorts the specified array of objects according to the order induced by the specified comparator. All elements in the array must bemutually comparable by the specified comparator (that is,c.compare(e1, e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the array).

  This sort is guaranteed to bestable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort.

  Implementation note: This implementation is a stable, adaptive, iterative mergesort that requires far fewer than n lg(n) comparisons when the input array is partially sorted, while offering the performance of a traditional mergesort when the input array is randomly ordered. If the input array is nearly sorted, the implementation requires approximately n comparisons. Temporary storage requirements vary from a small constant for nearly sorted input arrays to n/2 object references for randomly ordered input arrays.

  The implementation takes equal advantage of ascending and descending order in its input array, and can take advantage of ascending and descending order in different parts of the same input array. It is well-suited to merging two or more sorted arrays: simply concatenate the arrays and sort the resulting array.

  The implementation was adapted from Tim Peters's list sort for Python ( TimSort). It uses techniques from Peter McIlroy's "Optimistic Sorting and Information Theoretic Complexity", in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp 467-474, January 1993.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects to be sorted

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  c - the comparator to determine the order of the array. Anull value indicates that the elements'natural ordering should be used.

  Throws:

  ClassCastException - if the array contains elements that are notmutually comparable using the specified comparator

  IllegalArgumentException - (optional) if the comparator is found to violate theComparator contract

• sort

  public static <T> void sort​(T[] a,                            int fromIndex,                            int toIndex,Comparator<? super T> c)

  Sorts the specified range of the specified array of objects according to the order induced by the specified comparator. The range to be sorted extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be sorted is empty.) All elements in the range must bemutually comparable by the specified comparator (that is,c.compare(e1, e2) must not throw aClassCastException for any elementse1 ande2 in the range).

  This sort is guaranteed to bestable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort.

  Implementation note: This implementation is a stable, adaptive, iterative mergesort that requires far fewer than n lg(n) comparisons when the input array is partially sorted, while offering the performance of a traditional mergesort when the input array is randomly ordered. If the input array is nearly sorted, the implementation requires approximately n comparisons. Temporary storage requirements vary from a small constant for nearly sorted input arrays to n/2 object references for randomly ordered input arrays.

  The implementation takes equal advantage of ascending and descending order in its input array, and can take advantage of ascending and descending order in different parts of the same input array. It is well-suited to merging two or more sorted arrays: simply concatenate the arrays and sort the resulting array.

  The implementation was adapted from Tim Peters's list sort for Python ( TimSort). It uses techniques from Peter McIlroy's "Optimistic Sorting and Information Theoretic Complexity", in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp 467-474, January 1993.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects to be sorted

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be sorted

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted

  c - the comparator to determine the order of the array. Anull value indicates that the elements'natural ordering should be used.

  Throws:

  ClassCastException - if the array contains elements that are notmutually comparable using the specified comparator.

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex or (optional) if the comparator is found to violate theComparator contract

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• parallelPrefix

  public static <T> void parallelPrefix​(T[] array,BinaryOperator<T> op)

  Cumulates, in parallel, each element of the given array in place, using the supplied function. For example if the array initially holds[2, 1, 0, 3] and the operation performs addition, then upon return the array holds[2, 3, 3, 6]. Parallel prefix computation is usually more efficient than sequential loops for large arrays.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects in the array

  Parameters:

  array - the array, which is modified in-place by this method

  op - a side-effect-free, associative function to perform the cumulation

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the specified array or function is null

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelPrefix

  public static <T> void parallelPrefix​(T[] array,                                      int fromIndex,                                      int toIndex,BinaryOperator<T> op)

  PerformsparallelPrefix(Object[], BinaryOperator) for the given subrange of the array.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects in the array

  Parameters:

  array - the array

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive

  op - a side-effect-free, associative function to perform the cumulation

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > array.length

  NullPointerException - if the specified array or function is null

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelPrefix

  public static void parallelPrefix​(long[] array,LongBinaryOperator op)

  Cumulates, in parallel, each element of the given array in place, using the supplied function. For example if the array initially holds[2, 1, 0, 3] and the operation performs addition, then upon return the array holds[2, 3, 3, 6]. Parallel prefix computation is usually more efficient than sequential loops for large arrays.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, which is modified in-place by this method

  op - a side-effect-free, associative function to perform the cumulation

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the specified array or function is null

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelPrefix

  public static void parallelPrefix​(long[] array,                                  int fromIndex,                                  int toIndex,LongBinaryOperator op)

  PerformsparallelPrefix(long[], LongBinaryOperator) for the given subrange of the array.

  Parameters:

  array - the array

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive

  op - a side-effect-free, associative function to perform the cumulation

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > array.length

  NullPointerException - if the specified array or function is null

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelPrefix

  public static void parallelPrefix​(double[] array,DoubleBinaryOperator op)

  Cumulates, in parallel, each element of the given array in place, using the supplied function. For example if the array initially holds[2.0, 1.0, 0.0, 3.0] and the operation performs addition, then upon return the array holds[2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 6.0]. Parallel prefix computation is usually more efficient than sequential loops for large arrays.

  Because floating-point operations may not be strictly associative, the returned result may not be identical to the value that would be obtained if the operation was performed sequentially.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, which is modified in-place by this method

  op - a side-effect-free function to perform the cumulation

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the specified array or function is null

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelPrefix

  public static void parallelPrefix​(double[] array,                                  int fromIndex,                                  int toIndex,DoubleBinaryOperator op)

  PerformsparallelPrefix(double[], DoubleBinaryOperator) for the given subrange of the array.

  Parameters:

  array - the array

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive

  op - a side-effect-free, associative function to perform the cumulation

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > array.length

  NullPointerException - if the specified array or function is null

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelPrefix

  public static void parallelPrefix​(int[] array,IntBinaryOperator op)

  Cumulates, in parallel, each element of the given array in place, using the supplied function. For example if the array initially holds[2, 1, 0, 3] and the operation performs addition, then upon return the array holds[2, 3, 3, 6]. Parallel prefix computation is usually more efficient than sequential loops for large arrays.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, which is modified in-place by this method

  op - a side-effect-free, associative function to perform the cumulation

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the specified array or function is null

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelPrefix

  public static void parallelPrefix​(int[] array,                                  int fromIndex,                                  int toIndex,IntBinaryOperator op)

  PerformsparallelPrefix(int[], IntBinaryOperator) for the given subrange of the array.

  Parameters:

  array - the array

  fromIndex - the index of the first element, inclusive

  toIndex - the index of the last element, exclusive

  op - a side-effect-free, associative function to perform the cumulation

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > array.length

  NullPointerException - if the specified array or function is null

  Since:

  1.8

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(long[] a,                               long key)

  Searches the specified array of longs for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The array must be sorted (as by thesort(long[]) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the array contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, ora.length if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(long[] a,                               int fromIndex,                               int toIndex,                               long key)

  Searches a range of the specified array of longs for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The range must be sorted (as by thesort(long[], int, int) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array within the specified range; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element in the range greater than the key, ortoIndex if all elements in the range are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 or toIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.6

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(int[] a,                               int key)

  Searches the specified array of ints for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The array must be sorted (as by thesort(int[]) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the array contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, ora.length if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(int[] a,                               int fromIndex,                               int toIndex,                               int key)

  Searches a range of the specified array of ints for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The range must be sorted (as by thesort(int[], int, int) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array within the specified range; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element in the range greater than the key, ortoIndex if all elements in the range are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 or toIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.6

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(short[] a,                               short key)

  Searches the specified array of shorts for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The array must be sorted (as by thesort(short[]) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the array contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, ora.length if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(short[] a,                               int fromIndex,                               int toIndex,                               short key)

  Searches a range of the specified array of shorts for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The range must be sorted (as by thesort(short[], int, int) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array within the specified range; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element in the range greater than the key, ortoIndex if all elements in the range are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 or toIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.6

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(char[] a,                               char key)

  Searches the specified array of chars for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The array must be sorted (as by thesort(char[]) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the array contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, ora.length if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(char[] a,                               int fromIndex,                               int toIndex,                               char key)

  Searches a range of the specified array of chars for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The range must be sorted (as by thesort(char[], int, int) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array within the specified range; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element in the range greater than the key, ortoIndex if all elements in the range are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 or toIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.6

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(byte[] a,                               byte key)

  Searches the specified array of bytes for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The array must be sorted (as by thesort(byte[]) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the array contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, ora.length if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(byte[] a,                               int fromIndex,                               int toIndex,                               byte key)

  Searches a range of the specified array of bytes for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The range must be sorted (as by thesort(byte[], int, int) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array within the specified range; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element in the range greater than the key, ortoIndex if all elements in the range are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 or toIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.6

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(double[] a,                               double key)

  Searches the specified array of doubles for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The array must be sorted (as by thesort(double[]) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the array contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found. This method considers all NaN values to be equivalent and equal.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, ora.length if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(double[] a,                               int fromIndex,                               int toIndex,                               double key)

  Searches a range of the specified array of doubles for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The range must be sorted (as by thesort(double[], int, int) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found. This method considers all NaN values to be equivalent and equal.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array within the specified range; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element in the range greater than the key, ortoIndex if all elements in the range are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 or toIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.6

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(float[] a,                               float key)

  Searches the specified array of floats for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The array must be sorted (as by thesort(float[]) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the array contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found. This method considers all NaN values to be equivalent and equal.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, ora.length if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(float[] a,                               int fromIndex,                               int toIndex,                               float key)

  Searches a range of the specified array of floats for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The range must be sorted (as by thesort(float[], int, int) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found. This method considers all NaN values to be equivalent and equal.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array within the specified range; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element in the range greater than the key, ortoIndex if all elements in the range are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 or toIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.6

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(Object[] a,Object key)

  Searches the specified array for the specified object using the binary search algorithm. The array must be sorted into ascending order according to thenatural ordering of its elements (as by thesort(Object[]) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. (If the array contains elements that are not mutually comparable (for example, strings and integers), itcannot be sorted according to the natural ordering of its elements, hence results are undefined.) If the array contains multiple elements equal to the specified object, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, ora.length if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

  Throws:

  ClassCastException - if the search key is not comparable to the elements of the array.

• binarySearch

  public static int binarySearch​(Object[] a,                               int fromIndex,                               int toIndex,Object key)

  Searches a range of the specified array for the specified object using the binary search algorithm. The range must be sorted into ascending order according to thenatural ordering of its elements (as by thesort(Object[], int, int) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. (If the range contains elements that are not mutually comparable (for example, strings and integers), itcannot be sorted according to the natural ordering of its elements, hence results are undefined.) If the range contains multiple elements equal to the specified object, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array within the specified range; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element in the range greater than the key, ortoIndex if all elements in the range are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

  Throws:

  ClassCastException - if the search key is not comparable to the elements of the array within the specified range.

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 or toIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.6

• binarySearch

  public static <T> int binarySearch​(T[] a,                                   T key,Comparator<? super T> c)

  Searches the specified array for the specified object using the binary search algorithm. The array must be sorted into ascending order according to the specified comparator (as by thesort(T[], Comparator) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the array contains multiple elements equal to the specified object, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects in the array

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  c - the comparator by which the array is ordered. Anull value indicates that the elements'natural ordering should be used.

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, ora.length if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

  Throws:

  ClassCastException - if the array contains elements that are notmutually comparable using the specified comparator, or the search key is not comparable to the elements of the array using this comparator.

• binarySearch

  public static <T> int binarySearch​(T[] a,                                   int fromIndex,                                   int toIndex,                                   T key,Comparator<? super T> c)

  Searches a range of the specified array for the specified object using the binary search algorithm. The range must be sorted into ascending order according to the specified comparator (as by thesort(T[], int, int, Comparator) method) prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements equal to the specified object, there is no guarantee which one will be found.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects in the array

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be searched

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched

  key - the value to be searched for

  c - the comparator by which the array is ordered. Anull value indicates that the elements'natural ordering should be used.

  Returns:

  index of the search key, if it is contained in the array within the specified range; otherwise,(-(insertion point) - 1). Theinsertion point is defined as the point at which the key would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element in the range greater than the key, ortoIndex if all elements in the range are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if and only if the key is found.

  Throws:

  ClassCastException - if the range contains elements that are notmutually comparable using the specified comparator, or the search key is not comparable to the elements in the range using this comparator.

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 or toIndex > a.length

  Since:

  1.6

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(long[] a,                             long[] a2)

  Returnstrue if the two specified arrays of longs areequal to one another. Two arrays are considered equal if both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Also, two array references are considered equal if both arenull.

  Parameters:

  a - one array to be tested for equality

  a2 - the other array to be tested for equality

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays are equal

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(long[] a,                             int aFromIndex,                             int aToIndex,                             long[] b,                             int bFromIndex,                             int bToIndex)

  Returns true if the two specified arrays of longs, over the specified ranges, areequal to one another.

  Two arrays are considered equal if the number of elements covered by each range is the same, and all corresponding pairs of elements over the specified ranges in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain, over the specified ranges, the same elements in the same order.

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to be tested for equality

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be tested

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be tested

  b - the second array to be tested fro equality

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be tested

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be tested

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays, over the specified ranges, are equal

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array isnull

  Since:

  9

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(int[] a,                             int[] a2)

  Returnstrue if the two specified arrays of ints areequal to one another. Two arrays are considered equal if both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Also, two array references are considered equal if both arenull.

  Parameters:

  a - one array to be tested for equality

  a2 - the other array to be tested for equality

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays are equal

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(int[] a,                             int aFromIndex,                             int aToIndex,                             int[] b,                             int bFromIndex,                             int bToIndex)

  Returns true if the two specified arrays of ints, over the specified ranges, areequal to one another.

  Two arrays are considered equal if the number of elements covered by each range is the same, and all corresponding pairs of elements over the specified ranges in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain, over the specified ranges, the same elements in the same order.

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to be tested for equality

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be tested

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be tested

  b - the second array to be tested fro equality

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be tested

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be tested

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays, over the specified ranges, are equal

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array isnull

  Since:

  9

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(short[] a,                             short[] a2)

  Returnstrue if the two specified arrays of shorts areequal to one another. Two arrays are considered equal if both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Also, two array references are considered equal if both arenull.

  Parameters:

  a - one array to be tested for equality

  a2 - the other array to be tested for equality

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays are equal

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(short[] a,                             int aFromIndex,                             int aToIndex,                             short[] b,                             int bFromIndex,                             int bToIndex)

  Returns true if the two specified arrays of shorts, over the specified ranges, areequal to one another.

  Two arrays are considered equal if the number of elements covered by each range is the same, and all corresponding pairs of elements over the specified ranges in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain, over the specified ranges, the same elements in the same order.

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to be tested for equality

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be tested

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be tested

  b - the second array to be tested fro equality

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be tested

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be tested

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays, over the specified ranges, are equal

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array isnull

  Since:

  9

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(char[] a,                             char[] a2)

  Returnstrue if the two specified arrays of chars areequal to one another. Two arrays are considered equal if both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Also, two array references are considered equal if both arenull.

  Parameters:

  a - one array to be tested for equality

  a2 - the other array to be tested for equality

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays are equal

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(char[] a,                             int aFromIndex,                             int aToIndex,                             char[] b,                             int bFromIndex,                             int bToIndex)

  Returns true if the two specified arrays of chars, over the specified ranges, areequal to one another.

  Two arrays are considered equal if the number of elements covered by each range is the same, and all corresponding pairs of elements over the specified ranges in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain, over the specified ranges, the same elements in the same order.

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to be tested for equality

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be tested

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be tested

  b - the second array to be tested fro equality

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be tested

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be tested

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays, over the specified ranges, are equal

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array isnull

  Since:

  9

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(byte[] a,                             byte[] a2)

  Returnstrue if the two specified arrays of bytes areequal to one another. Two arrays are considered equal if both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Also, two array references are considered equal if both arenull.

  Parameters:

  a - one array to be tested for equality

  a2 - the other array to be tested for equality

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays are equal

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(byte[] a,                             int aFromIndex,                             int aToIndex,                             byte[] b,                             int bFromIndex,                             int bToIndex)

  Returns true if the two specified arrays of bytes, over the specified ranges, areequal to one another.

  Two arrays are considered equal if the number of elements covered by each range is the same, and all corresponding pairs of elements over the specified ranges in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain, over the specified ranges, the same elements in the same order.

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to be tested for equality

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be tested

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be tested

  b - the second array to be tested fro equality

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be tested

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be tested

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays, over the specified ranges, are equal

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array isnull

  Since:

  9

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(boolean[] a,                             boolean[] a2)

  Returnstrue if the two specified arrays of booleans areequal to one another. Two arrays are considered equal if both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Also, two array references are considered equal if both arenull.

  Parameters:

  a - one array to be tested for equality

  a2 - the other array to be tested for equality

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays are equal

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(boolean[] a,                             int aFromIndex,                             int aToIndex,                             boolean[] b,                             int bFromIndex,                             int bToIndex)

  Returns true if the two specified arrays of booleans, over the specified ranges, areequal to one another.

  Two arrays are considered equal if the number of elements covered by each range is the same, and all corresponding pairs of elements over the specified ranges in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain, over the specified ranges, the same elements in the same order.

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to be tested for equality

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be tested

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be tested

  b - the second array to be tested fro equality

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be tested

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be tested

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays, over the specified ranges, are equal

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array isnull

  Since:

  9

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(double[] a,                             double[] a2)

  Returnstrue if the two specified arrays of doubles areequal to one another. Two arrays are considered equal if both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Also, two array references are considered equal if both arenull. Two doublesd1 andd2 are considered equal if:

  new Double(d1).equals(new Double(d2))

  (Unlike the== operator, this method considersNaN equals to itself, and 0.0d unequal to -0.0d.)

  Parameters:

  a - one array to be tested for equality

  a2 - the other array to be tested for equality

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays are equal

  See Also:

  Double.equals(Object)

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(double[] a,                             int aFromIndex,                             int aToIndex,                             double[] b,                             int bFromIndex,                             int bToIndex)

  Returns true if the two specified arrays of doubles, over the specified ranges, areequal to one another.

  Two arrays are considered equal if the number of elements covered by each range is the same, and all corresponding pairs of elements over the specified ranges in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain, over the specified ranges, the same elements in the same order.

  Two doublesd1 andd2 are considered equal if:

  new Double(d1).equals(new Double(d2))

  (Unlike the== operator, this method considersNaN equals to itself, and 0.0d unequal to -0.0d.)

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to be tested for equality

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be tested

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be tested

  b - the second array to be tested fro equality

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be tested

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be tested

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays, over the specified ranges, are equal

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array isnull

  Since:

  9

  See Also:

  Double.equals(Object)

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(float[] a,                             float[] a2)

  Returnstrue if the two specified arrays of floats areequal to one another. Two arrays are considered equal if both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Also, two array references are considered equal if both arenull. Two floatsf1 andf2 are considered equal if:

  new Float(f1).equals(new Float(f2))

  (Unlike the== operator, this method considersNaN equals to itself, and 0.0f unequal to -0.0f.)

  Parameters:

  a - one array to be tested for equality

  a2 - the other array to be tested for equality

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays are equal

  See Also:

  Float.equals(Object)

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(float[] a,                             int aFromIndex,                             int aToIndex,                             float[] b,                             int bFromIndex,                             int bToIndex)

  Returns true if the two specified arrays of floats, over the specified ranges, areequal to one another.

  Two arrays are considered equal if the number of elements covered by each range is the same, and all corresponding pairs of elements over the specified ranges in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain, over the specified ranges, the same elements in the same order.

  Two floatsf1 andf2 are considered equal if:

  new Float(f1).equals(new Float(f2))

  (Unlike the== operator, this method considersNaN equals to itself, and 0.0f unequal to -0.0f.)

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to be tested for equality

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be tested

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be tested

  b - the second array to be tested fro equality

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be tested

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be tested

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays, over the specified ranges, are equal

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array isnull

  Since:

  9

  See Also:

  Float.equals(Object)

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(Object[] a,Object[] a2)

  Returnstrue if the two specified arrays of Objects areequal to one another. The two arrays are considered equal if both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. Two objectse1 ande2 are consideredequal ifObjects.equals(e1, e2). In other words, the two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Also, two array references are considered equal if both arenull.

  Parameters:

  a - one array to be tested for equality

  a2 - the other array to be tested for equality

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays are equal

• equals

  public static boolean equals​(Object[] a,                             int aFromIndex,                             int aToIndex,Object[] b,                             int bFromIndex,                             int bToIndex)

  Returns true if the two specified arrays of Objects, over the specified ranges, areequal to one another.

  Two arrays are considered equal if the number of elements covered by each range is the same, and all corresponding pairs of elements over the specified ranges in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain, over the specified ranges, the same elements in the same order.

  Two objectse1 ande2 are consideredequal ifObjects.equals(e1, e2).

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to be tested for equality

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be tested

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be tested

  b - the second array to be tested fro equality

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be tested

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be tested

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays, over the specified ranges, are equal

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array isnull

  Since:

  9

• equals

  public static <T> boolean equals​(T[] a,                                 T[] a2,Comparator<? super T> cmp)

  Returnstrue if the two specified arrays of Objects areequal to one another.

  Two arrays are considered equal if both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. In other words, the two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Also, two array references are considered equal if both arenull.

  Two objectse1 ande2 are consideredequal if, given the specified comparator,cmp.compare(e1, e2) == 0.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the type of array elements

  Parameters:

  a - one array to be tested for equality

  a2 - the other array to be tested for equality

  cmp - the comparator to compare array elements

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays are equal

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the comparator isnull

  Since:

  9

• equals

  public static <T> boolean equals​(T[] a,                                 int aFromIndex,                                 int aToIndex,                                 T[] b,                                 int bFromIndex,                                 int bToIndex,Comparator<? super T> cmp)

  Returns true if the two specified arrays of Objects, over the specified ranges, areequal to one another.

  Two arrays are considered equal if the number of elements covered by each range is the same, and all corresponding pairs of elements over the specified ranges in the two arrays are equal. In other words, two arrays are equal if they contain, over the specified ranges, the same elements in the same order.

  Two objectse1 ande2 are consideredequal if, given the specified comparator,cmp.compare(e1, e2) == 0.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the type of array elements

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to be tested for equality

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be tested

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be tested

  b - the second array to be tested fro equality

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be tested

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be tested

  cmp - the comparator to compare array elements

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays, over the specified ranges, are equal

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array or the comparator isnull

  Since:

  9

• fill

  public static void fill​(long[] a,                        long val)

  Assigns the specified long value to each element of the specified array of longs.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

• fill

  public static void fill​(long[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex,                        long val)

  Assigns the specified long value to each element of the specified range of the specified array of longs. The range to be filled extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be filled is empty.)

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• fill

  public static void fill​(int[] a,                        int val)

  Assigns the specified int value to each element of the specified array of ints.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

• fill

  public static void fill​(int[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex,                        int val)

  Assigns the specified int value to each element of the specified range of the specified array of ints. The range to be filled extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be filled is empty.)

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• fill

  public static void fill​(short[] a,                        short val)

  Assigns the specified short value to each element of the specified array of shorts.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

• fill

  public static void fill​(short[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex,                        short val)

  Assigns the specified short value to each element of the specified range of the specified array of shorts. The range to be filled extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be filled is empty.)

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• fill

  public static void fill​(char[] a,                        char val)

  Assigns the specified char value to each element of the specified array of chars.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

• fill

  public static void fill​(char[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex,                        char val)

  Assigns the specified char value to each element of the specified range of the specified array of chars. The range to be filled extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be filled is empty.)

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• fill

  public static void fill​(byte[] a,                        byte val)

  Assigns the specified byte value to each element of the specified array of bytes.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

• fill

  public static void fill​(byte[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex,                        byte val)

  Assigns the specified byte value to each element of the specified range of the specified array of bytes. The range to be filled extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be filled is empty.)

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• fill

  public static void fill​(boolean[] a,                        boolean val)

  Assigns the specified boolean value to each element of the specified array of booleans.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

• fill

  public static void fill​(boolean[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex,                        boolean val)

  Assigns the specified boolean value to each element of the specified range of the specified array of booleans. The range to be filled extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be filled is empty.)

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• fill

  public static void fill​(double[] a,                        double val)

  Assigns the specified double value to each element of the specified array of doubles.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

• fill

  public static void fill​(double[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex,                        double val)

  Assigns the specified double value to each element of the specified range of the specified array of doubles. The range to be filled extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be filled is empty.)

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• fill

  public static void fill​(float[] a,                        float val)

  Assigns the specified float value to each element of the specified array of floats.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

• fill

  public static void fill​(float[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex,                        float val)

  Assigns the specified float value to each element of the specified range of the specified array of floats. The range to be filled extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be filled is empty.)

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

• fill

  public static void fill​(Object[] a,Object val)

  Assigns the specified Object reference to each element of the specified array of Objects.

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

  Throws:

  ArrayStoreException - if the specified value is not of a runtime type that can be stored in the specified array

• fill

  public static void fill​(Object[] a,                        int fromIndex,                        int toIndex,Object val)

  Assigns the specified Object reference to each element of the specified range of the specified array of Objects. The range to be filled extends from indexfromIndex, inclusive, to indextoIndex, exclusive. (IffromIndex==toIndex, the range to be filled is empty.)

  Parameters:

  a - the array to be filled

  fromIndex - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  toIndex - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be filled with the specified value

  val - the value to be stored in all elements of the array

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - iffromIndex > toIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffromIndex < 0 ortoIndex > a.length

  ArrayStoreException - if the specified value is not of a runtime type that can be stored in the specified array

• copyOf

  public static <T> T[] copyOf​(T[] original,                             int newLength)

  Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with nulls (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. For all indices that are valid in both the original array and the copy, the two arrays will contain identical values. For any indices that are valid in the copy but not the original, the copy will containnull. Such indices will exist if and only if the specified length is greater than that of the original array. The resulting array is of exactly the same class as the original array.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects in the array

  Parameters:

  original - the array to be copied

  newLength - the length of the copy to be returned

  Returns:

  a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with nulls to obtain the specified length

  Throws:

  NegativeArraySizeException - ifnewLength is negative

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOf

  public static <T,​U> T[] copyOf​(U[] original,                                     int newLength,Class<? extends T[]> newType)

  Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with nulls (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. For all indices that are valid in both the original array and the copy, the two arrays will contain identical values. For any indices that are valid in the copy but not the original, the copy will containnull. Such indices will exist if and only if the specified length is greater than that of the original array. The resulting array is of the classnewType.

  Type Parameters:

  U - the class of the objects in the original array

  T - the class of the objects in the returned array

  Parameters:

  original - the array to be copied

  newLength - the length of the copy to be returned

  newType - the class of the copy to be returned

  Returns:

  a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with nulls to obtain the specified length

  Throws:

  NegativeArraySizeException - ifnewLength is negative

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  ArrayStoreException - if an element copied fromoriginal is not of a runtime type that can be stored in an array of classnewType

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOf

  public static byte[] copyOf​(byte[] original,                            int newLength)

  Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. For all indices that are valid in both the original array and the copy, the two arrays will contain identical values. For any indices that are valid in the copy but not the original, the copy will contain(byte)0. Such indices will exist if and only if the specified length is greater than that of the original array.

  Parameters:

  original - the array to be copied

  newLength - the length of the copy to be returned

  Returns:

  a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the specified length

  Throws:

  NegativeArraySizeException - ifnewLength is negative

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOf

  public static short[] copyOf​(short[] original,                             int newLength)

  Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. For all indices that are valid in both the original array and the copy, the two arrays will contain identical values. For any indices that are valid in the copy but not the original, the copy will contain(short)0. Such indices will exist if and only if the specified length is greater than that of the original array.

  Parameters:

  original - the array to be copied

  newLength - the length of the copy to be returned

  Returns:

  a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the specified length

  Throws:

  NegativeArraySizeException - ifnewLength is negative

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOf

  public static int[] copyOf​(int[] original,                           int newLength)

  Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. For all indices that are valid in both the original array and the copy, the two arrays will contain identical values. For any indices that are valid in the copy but not the original, the copy will contain0. Such indices will exist if and only if the specified length is greater than that of the original array.

  Parameters:

  original - the array to be copied

  newLength - the length of the copy to be returned

  Returns:

  a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the specified length

  Throws:

  NegativeArraySizeException - ifnewLength is negative

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOf

  public static long[] copyOf​(long[] original,                            int newLength)

  Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. For all indices that are valid in both the original array and the copy, the two arrays will contain identical values. For any indices that are valid in the copy but not the original, the copy will contain0L. Such indices will exist if and only if the specified length is greater than that of the original array.

  Parameters:

  original - the array to be copied

  newLength - the length of the copy to be returned

  Returns:

  a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the specified length

  Throws:

  NegativeArraySizeException - ifnewLength is negative

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOf

  public static char[] copyOf​(char[] original,                            int newLength)

  Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with null characters (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. For all indices that are valid in both the original array and the copy, the two arrays will contain identical values. For any indices that are valid in the copy but not the original, the copy will contain'\\u000'. Such indices will exist if and only if the specified length is greater than that of the original array.

  Parameters:

  original - the array to be copied

  newLength - the length of the copy to be returned

  Returns:

  a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with null characters to obtain the specified length

  Throws:

  NegativeArraySizeException - ifnewLength is negative

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOf

  public static float[] copyOf​(float[] original,                             int newLength)

  Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. For all indices that are valid in both the original array and the copy, the two arrays will contain identical values. For any indices that are valid in the copy but not the original, the copy will contain0f. Such indices will exist if and only if the specified length is greater than that of the original array.

  Parameters:

  original - the array to be copied

  newLength - the length of the copy to be returned

  Returns:

  a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the specified length

  Throws:

  NegativeArraySizeException - ifnewLength is negative

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOf

  public static double[] copyOf​(double[] original,                              int newLength)

  Copies the specified array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. For all indices that are valid in both the original array and the copy, the two arrays will contain identical values. For any indices that are valid in the copy but not the original, the copy will contain0d. Such indices will exist if and only if the specified length is greater than that of the original array.

  Parameters:

  original - the array to be copied

  newLength - the length of the copy to be returned

  Returns:

  a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the specified length

  Throws:

  NegativeArraySizeException - ifnewLength is negative

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOf

  public static boolean[] copyOf​(boolean[] original,                               int newLength)

  Copies the specified array, truncating or padding withfalse (if necessary) so the copy has the specified length. For all indices that are valid in both the original array and the copy, the two arrays will contain identical values. For any indices that are valid in the copy but not the original, the copy will containfalse. Such indices will exist if and only if the specified length is greater than that of the original array.

  Parameters:

  original - the array to be copied

  newLength - the length of the copy to be returned

  Returns:

  a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with false elements to obtain the specified length

  Throws:

  NegativeArraySizeException - ifnewLength is negative

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOfRange

  public static <T> T[] copyOfRange​(T[] original,                                  int from,                                  int to)

  Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array. The initial index of the range (from) must lie between zero andoriginal.length, inclusive. The value atoriginal[from] is placed into the initial element of the copy (unlessfrom == original.length orfrom == to). Values from subsequent elements in the original array are placed into subsequent elements in the copy. The final index of the range (to), which must be greater than or equal tofrom, may be greater thanoriginal.length, in which casenull is placed in all elements of the copy whose index is greater than or equal tooriginal.length - from. The length of the returned array will beto - from.

  The resulting array is of exactly the same class as the original array.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects in the array

  Parameters:

  original - the array from which a range is to be copied

  from - the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive

  to - the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. (This index may lie outside the array.)

  Returns:

  a new array containing the specified range from the original array, truncated or padded with nulls to obtain the required length

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffrom < 0 orfrom > original.length

  IllegalArgumentException - iffrom > to

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOfRange

  public static <T,​U> T[] copyOfRange​(U[] original,                                          int from,                                          int to,Class<? extends T[]> newType)

  Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array. The initial index of the range (from) must lie between zero andoriginal.length, inclusive. The value atoriginal[from] is placed into the initial element of the copy (unlessfrom == original.length orfrom == to). Values from subsequent elements in the original array are placed into subsequent elements in the copy. The final index of the range (to), which must be greater than or equal tofrom, may be greater thanoriginal.length, in which casenull is placed in all elements of the copy whose index is greater than or equal tooriginal.length - from. The length of the returned array will beto - from. The resulting array is of the classnewType.

  Type Parameters:

  U - the class of the objects in the original array

  T - the class of the objects in the returned array

  Parameters:

  original - the array from which a range is to be copied

  from - the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive

  to - the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. (This index may lie outside the array.)

  newType - the class of the copy to be returned

  Returns:

  a new array containing the specified range from the original array, truncated or padded with nulls to obtain the required length

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffrom < 0 orfrom > original.length

  IllegalArgumentException - iffrom > to

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  ArrayStoreException - if an element copied fromoriginal is not of a runtime type that can be stored in an array of classnewType.

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOfRange

  public static byte[] copyOfRange​(byte[] original,                                 int from,                                 int to)

  Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array. The initial index of the range (from) must lie between zero andoriginal.length, inclusive. The value atoriginal[from] is placed into the initial element of the copy (unlessfrom == original.length orfrom == to). Values from subsequent elements in the original array are placed into subsequent elements in the copy. The final index of the range (to), which must be greater than or equal tofrom, may be greater thanoriginal.length, in which case(byte)0 is placed in all elements of the copy whose index is greater than or equal tooriginal.length - from. The length of the returned array will beto - from.

  Parameters:

  original - the array from which a range is to be copied

  from - the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive

  to - the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. (This index may lie outside the array.)

  Returns:

  a new array containing the specified range from the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the required length

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffrom < 0 orfrom > original.length

  IllegalArgumentException - iffrom > to

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOfRange

  public static short[] copyOfRange​(short[] original,                                  int from,                                  int to)

  Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array. The initial index of the range (from) must lie between zero andoriginal.length, inclusive. The value atoriginal[from] is placed into the initial element of the copy (unlessfrom == original.length orfrom == to). Values from subsequent elements in the original array are placed into subsequent elements in the copy. The final index of the range (to), which must be greater than or equal tofrom, may be greater thanoriginal.length, in which case(short)0 is placed in all elements of the copy whose index is greater than or equal tooriginal.length - from. The length of the returned array will beto - from.

  Parameters:

  original - the array from which a range is to be copied

  from - the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive

  to - the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. (This index may lie outside the array.)

  Returns:

  a new array containing the specified range from the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the required length

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffrom < 0 orfrom > original.length

  IllegalArgumentException - iffrom > to

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOfRange

  public static int[] copyOfRange​(int[] original,                                int from,                                int to)

  Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array. The initial index of the range (from) must lie between zero andoriginal.length, inclusive. The value atoriginal[from] is placed into the initial element of the copy (unlessfrom == original.length orfrom == to). Values from subsequent elements in the original array are placed into subsequent elements in the copy. The final index of the range (to), which must be greater than or equal tofrom, may be greater thanoriginal.length, in which case0 is placed in all elements of the copy whose index is greater than or equal tooriginal.length - from. The length of the returned array will beto - from.

  Parameters:

  original - the array from which a range is to be copied

  from - the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive

  to - the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. (This index may lie outside the array.)

  Returns:

  a new array containing the specified range from the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the required length

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffrom < 0 orfrom > original.length

  IllegalArgumentException - iffrom > to

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOfRange

  public static long[] copyOfRange​(long[] original,                                 int from,                                 int to)

  Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array. The initial index of the range (from) must lie between zero andoriginal.length, inclusive. The value atoriginal[from] is placed into the initial element of the copy (unlessfrom == original.length orfrom == to). Values from subsequent elements in the original array are placed into subsequent elements in the copy. The final index of the range (to), which must be greater than or equal tofrom, may be greater thanoriginal.length, in which case0L is placed in all elements of the copy whose index is greater than or equal tooriginal.length - from. The length of the returned array will beto - from.

  Parameters:

  original - the array from which a range is to be copied

  from - the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive

  to - the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. (This index may lie outside the array.)

  Returns:

  a new array containing the specified range from the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the required length

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffrom < 0 orfrom > original.length

  IllegalArgumentException - iffrom > to

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOfRange

  public static char[] copyOfRange​(char[] original,                                 int from,                                 int to)

  Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array. The initial index of the range (from) must lie between zero andoriginal.length, inclusive. The value atoriginal[from] is placed into the initial element of the copy (unlessfrom == original.length orfrom == to). Values from subsequent elements in the original array are placed into subsequent elements in the copy. The final index of the range (to), which must be greater than or equal tofrom, may be greater thanoriginal.length, in which case'\\u000' is placed in all elements of the copy whose index is greater than or equal tooriginal.length - from. The length of the returned array will beto - from.

  Parameters:

  original - the array from which a range is to be copied

  from - the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive

  to - the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. (This index may lie outside the array.)

  Returns:

  a new array containing the specified range from the original array, truncated or padded with null characters to obtain the required length

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffrom < 0 orfrom > original.length

  IllegalArgumentException - iffrom > to

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOfRange

  public static float[] copyOfRange​(float[] original,                                  int from,                                  int to)

  Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array. The initial index of the range (from) must lie between zero andoriginal.length, inclusive. The value atoriginal[from] is placed into the initial element of the copy (unlessfrom == original.length orfrom == to). Values from subsequent elements in the original array are placed into subsequent elements in the copy. The final index of the range (to), which must be greater than or equal tofrom, may be greater thanoriginal.length, in which case0f is placed in all elements of the copy whose index is greater than or equal tooriginal.length - from. The length of the returned array will beto - from.

  Parameters:

  original - the array from which a range is to be copied

  from - the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive

  to - the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. (This index may lie outside the array.)

  Returns:

  a new array containing the specified range from the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the required length

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffrom < 0 orfrom > original.length

  IllegalArgumentException - iffrom > to

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOfRange

  public static double[] copyOfRange​(double[] original,                                   int from,                                   int to)

  Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array. The initial index of the range (from) must lie between zero andoriginal.length, inclusive. The value atoriginal[from] is placed into the initial element of the copy (unlessfrom == original.length orfrom == to). Values from subsequent elements in the original array are placed into subsequent elements in the copy. The final index of the range (to), which must be greater than or equal tofrom, may be greater thanoriginal.length, in which case0d is placed in all elements of the copy whose index is greater than or equal tooriginal.length - from. The length of the returned array will beto - from.

  Parameters:

  original - the array from which a range is to be copied

  from - the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive

  to - the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. (This index may lie outside the array.)

  Returns:

  a new array containing the specified range from the original array, truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the required length

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffrom < 0 orfrom > original.length

  IllegalArgumentException - iffrom > to

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• copyOfRange

  public static boolean[] copyOfRange​(boolean[] original,                                    int from,                                    int to)

  Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array. The initial index of the range (from) must lie between zero andoriginal.length, inclusive. The value atoriginal[from] is placed into the initial element of the copy (unlessfrom == original.length orfrom == to). Values from subsequent elements in the original array are placed into subsequent elements in the copy. The final index of the range (to), which must be greater than or equal tofrom, may be greater thanoriginal.length, in which casefalse is placed in all elements of the copy whose index is greater than or equal tooriginal.length - from. The length of the returned array will beto - from.

  Parameters:

  original - the array from which a range is to be copied

  from - the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive

  to - the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. (This index may lie outside the array.)

  Returns:

  a new array containing the specified range from the original array, truncated or padded with false elements to obtain the required length

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - iffrom < 0 orfrom > original.length

  IllegalArgumentException - iffrom > to

  NullPointerException - iforiginal is null

  Since:

  1.6

• asList

  @SafeVarargspublic static <T> List<T> asList​(T... a)

  Returns a fixed-size list backed by the specified array. (Changes to the returned list "write through" to the array.) This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs, in combination withCollection.toArray(). The returned list is serializable and implementsRandomAccess.

  This method also provides a convenient way to create a fixed-size list initialized to contain several elements:

       List<String> stooges = Arrays.asList("Larry", "Moe", "Curly");

  Type Parameters:

  T - the class of the objects in the array

  Parameters:

  a - the array by which the list will be backed

  Returns:

  a list view of the specified array

• hashCode

  public static int hashCode​(long[] a)

  Returns a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. For any twolong arraysa andb such thatArrays.equals(a, b), it is also the case thatArrays.hashCode(a) == Arrays.hashCode(b).

  The value returned by this method is the same value that would be obtained by invoking thehashCode method on aList containing a sequence ofLong instances representing the elements ofa in the same order. Ifa isnull, this method returns 0.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose hash value to compute

  Returns:

  a content-based hash code fora

  Since:

  1.5

• hashCode

  public static int hashCode​(int[] a)

  Returns a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. For any two non-nullint arraysa andb such thatArrays.equals(a, b), it is also the case thatArrays.hashCode(a) == Arrays.hashCode(b).

  The value returned by this method is the same value that would be obtained by invoking thehashCode method on aList containing a sequence ofInteger instances representing the elements ofa in the same order. Ifa isnull, this method returns 0.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose hash value to compute

  Returns:

  a content-based hash code fora

  Since:

  1.5

• hashCode

  public static int hashCode​(short[] a)

  Returns a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. For any twoshort arraysa andb such thatArrays.equals(a, b), it is also the case thatArrays.hashCode(a) == Arrays.hashCode(b).

  The value returned by this method is the same value that would be obtained by invoking thehashCode method on aList containing a sequence ofShort instances representing the elements ofa in the same order. Ifa isnull, this method returns 0.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose hash value to compute

  Returns:

  a content-based hash code fora

  Since:

  1.5

• hashCode

  public static int hashCode​(char[] a)

  Returns a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. For any twochar arraysa andb such thatArrays.equals(a, b), it is also the case thatArrays.hashCode(a) == Arrays.hashCode(b).

  The value returned by this method is the same value that would be obtained by invoking thehashCode method on aList containing a sequence ofCharacter instances representing the elements ofa in the same order. Ifa isnull, this method returns 0.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose hash value to compute

  Returns:

  a content-based hash code fora

  Since:

  1.5

• hashCode

  public static int hashCode​(byte[] a)

  Returns a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. For any twobyte arraysa andb such thatArrays.equals(a, b), it is also the case thatArrays.hashCode(a) == Arrays.hashCode(b).

  The value returned by this method is the same value that would be obtained by invoking thehashCode method on aList containing a sequence ofByte instances representing the elements ofa in the same order. Ifa isnull, this method returns 0.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose hash value to compute

  Returns:

  a content-based hash code fora

  Since:

  1.5

• hashCode

  public static int hashCode​(boolean[] a)

  Returns a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. For any twoboolean arraysa andb such thatArrays.equals(a, b), it is also the case thatArrays.hashCode(a) == Arrays.hashCode(b).

  The value returned by this method is the same value that would be obtained by invoking thehashCode method on aList containing a sequence ofBoolean instances representing the elements ofa in the same order. Ifa isnull, this method returns 0.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose hash value to compute

  Returns:

  a content-based hash code fora

  Since:

  1.5

• hashCode

  public static int hashCode​(float[] a)

  Returns a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. For any twofloat arraysa andb such thatArrays.equals(a, b), it is also the case thatArrays.hashCode(a) == Arrays.hashCode(b).

  The value returned by this method is the same value that would be obtained by invoking thehashCode method on aList containing a sequence ofFloat instances representing the elements ofa in the same order. Ifa isnull, this method returns 0.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose hash value to compute

  Returns:

  a content-based hash code fora

  Since:

  1.5

• hashCode

  public static int hashCode​(double[] a)

  Returns a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. For any twodouble arraysa andb such thatArrays.equals(a, b), it is also the case thatArrays.hashCode(a) == Arrays.hashCode(b).

  The value returned by this method is the same value that would be obtained by invoking thehashCode method on aList containing a sequence ofDouble instances representing the elements ofa in the same order. Ifa isnull, this method returns 0.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose hash value to compute

  Returns:

  a content-based hash code fora

  Since:

  1.5

• hashCode

  public static int hashCode​(Object[] a)

  Returns a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. If the array contains other arrays as elements, the hash code is based on their identities rather than their contents. It is therefore acceptable to invoke this method on an array that contains itself as an element, either directly or indirectly through one or more levels of arrays.

  For any two arraysa andb such thatArrays.equals(a, b), it is also the case thatArrays.hashCode(a) == Arrays.hashCode(b).

  The value returned by this method is equal to the value that would be returned byArrays.asList(a).hashCode(), unlessa isnull, in which case0 is returned.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose content-based hash code to compute

  Returns:

  a content-based hash code fora

  Since:

  1.5

  See Also:

  deepHashCode(Object[])

• deepHashCode

  public static int deepHashCode​(Object[] a)

  Returns a hash code based on the "deep contents" of the specified array. If the array contains other arrays as elements, the hash code is based on their contents and so on, ad infinitum. It is therefore unacceptable to invoke this method on an array that contains itself as an element, either directly or indirectly through one or more levels of arrays. The behavior of such an invocation is undefined.

  For any two arraysa andb such thatArrays.deepEquals(a, b), it is also the case thatArrays.deepHashCode(a) == Arrays.deepHashCode(b).

  The computation of the value returned by this method is similar to that of the value returned byList.hashCode() on a list containing the same elements asa in the same order, with one difference: If an elemente ofa is itself an array, its hash code is computed not by callinge.hashCode(), but as by calling the appropriate overloading ofArrays.hashCode(e) ife is an array of a primitive type, or as by callingArrays.deepHashCode(e) recursively ife is an array of a reference type. Ifa isnull, this method returns 0.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose deep-content-based hash code to compute

  Returns:

  a deep-content-based hash code fora

  Since:

  1.5

  See Also:

  hashCode(Object[])

• deepEquals

  public static boolean deepEquals​(Object[] a1,Object[] a2)

  Returnstrue if the two specified arrays aredeeply equal to one another. Unlike theequals(Object[],Object[]) method, this method is appropriate for use with nested arrays of arbitrary depth.

  Two array references are considered deeply equal if both arenull, or if they refer to arrays that contain the same number of elements and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are deeply equal.

  Two possiblynull elementse1 ande2 are deeply equal if any of the following conditions hold:

  • e1 ande2 are both arrays of object reference types, andArrays.deepEquals(e1, e2) would return true
  • e1 ande2 are arrays of the same primitive type, and the appropriate overloading ofArrays.equals(e1, e2) would return true.
  • e1 == e2
  • e1.equals(e2) would return true.

  Note that this definition permitsnull elements at any depth.

  If either of the specified arrays contain themselves as elements either directly or indirectly through one or more levels of arrays, the behavior of this method is undefined.

  Parameters:

  a1 - one array to be tested for equality

  a2 - the other array to be tested for equality

  Returns:

  true if the two arrays are equal

  Since:

  1.5

  See Also:

  equals(Object[],Object[]),Objects.deepEquals(Object, Object)

• toString

  public static String toString​(long[] a)

  Returns a string representation of the contents of the specified array. The string representation consists of a list of the array's elements, enclosed in square brackets ("[]"). Adjacent elements are separated by the characters", " (a comma followed by a space). Elements are converted to strings as byString.valueOf(long). Returns"null" ifa isnull.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose string representation to return

  Returns:

  a string representation ofa

  Since:

  1.5

• toString

  public static String toString​(int[] a)

  Returns a string representation of the contents of the specified array. The string representation consists of a list of the array's elements, enclosed in square brackets ("[]"). Adjacent elements are separated by the characters", " (a comma followed by a space). Elements are converted to strings as byString.valueOf(int). Returns"null" ifa isnull.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose string representation to return

  Returns:

  a string representation ofa

  Since:

  1.5

• toString

  public static String toString​(short[] a)

  Returns a string representation of the contents of the specified array. The string representation consists of a list of the array's elements, enclosed in square brackets ("[]"). Adjacent elements are separated by the characters", " (a comma followed by a space). Elements are converted to strings as byString.valueOf(short). Returns"null" ifa isnull.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose string representation to return

  Returns:

  a string representation ofa

  Since:

  1.5

• toString

  public static String toString​(char[] a)

  Returns a string representation of the contents of the specified array. The string representation consists of a list of the array's elements, enclosed in square brackets ("[]"). Adjacent elements are separated by the characters", " (a comma followed by a space). Elements are converted to strings as byString.valueOf(char). Returns"null" ifa isnull.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose string representation to return

  Returns:

  a string representation ofa

  Since:

  1.5

• toString

  public static String toString​(byte[] a)

  Returns a string representation of the contents of the specified array. The string representation consists of a list of the array's elements, enclosed in square brackets ("[]"). Adjacent elements are separated by the characters", " (a comma followed by a space). Elements are converted to strings as byString.valueOf(byte). Returns"null" ifa isnull.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose string representation to return

  Returns:

  a string representation ofa

  Since:

  1.5

• toString

  public static String toString​(boolean[] a)

  Returns a string representation of the contents of the specified array. The string representation consists of a list of the array's elements, enclosed in square brackets ("[]"). Adjacent elements are separated by the characters", " (a comma followed by a space). Elements are converted to strings as byString.valueOf(boolean). Returns"null" ifa isnull.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose string representation to return

  Returns:

  a string representation ofa

  Since:

  1.5

• toString

  public static String toString​(float[] a)

  Returns a string representation of the contents of the specified array. The string representation consists of a list of the array's elements, enclosed in square brackets ("[]"). Adjacent elements are separated by the characters", " (a comma followed by a space). Elements are converted to strings as byString.valueOf(float). Returns"null" ifa isnull.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose string representation to return

  Returns:

  a string representation ofa

  Since:

  1.5

• toString

  public static String toString​(double[] a)

  Returns a string representation of the contents of the specified array. The string representation consists of a list of the array's elements, enclosed in square brackets ("[]"). Adjacent elements are separated by the characters", " (a comma followed by a space). Elements are converted to strings as byString.valueOf(double). Returns"null" ifa isnull.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose string representation to return

  Returns:

  a string representation ofa

  Since:

  1.5

• toString

  public static String toString​(Object[] a)

  Returns a string representation of the contents of the specified array. If the array contains other arrays as elements, they are converted to strings by theObject.toString() method inherited fromObject, which describes theiridentities rather than their contents.

  The value returned by this method is equal to the value that would be returned byArrays.asList(a).toString(), unlessa isnull, in which case"null" is returned.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose string representation to return

  Returns:

  a string representation ofa

  Since:

  1.5

  See Also:

  deepToString(Object[])

• deepToString

  public static String deepToString​(Object[] a)

  Returns a string representation of the "deep contents" of the specified array. If the array contains other arrays as elements, the string representation contains their contents and so on. This method is designed for converting multidimensional arrays to strings.

  The string representation consists of a list of the array's elements, enclosed in square brackets ("[]"). Adjacent elements are separated by the characters", " (a comma followed by a space). Elements are converted to strings as byString.valueOf(Object), unless they are themselves arrays.

  If an elemente is an array of a primitive type, it is converted to a string as by invoking the appropriate overloading ofArrays.toString(e). If an elemente is an array of a reference type, it is converted to a string as by invoking this method recursively.

  To avoid infinite recursion, if the specified array contains itself as an element, or contains an indirect reference to itself through one or more levels of arrays, the self-reference is converted to the string"[...]". For example, an array containing only a reference to itself would be rendered as"[[...]]".

  This method returns"null" if the specified array isnull.

  Parameters:

  a - the array whose string representation to return

  Returns:

  a string representation ofa

  Since:

  1.5

  See Also:

  toString(Object[])

• setAll

  public static <T> void setAll​(T[] array,IntFunction<? extends T> generator)

  Set all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator function to compute each element.

  If the generator function throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller and the array is left in an indeterminate state.

  API Note:

  Setting a subrange of an array, using a generator function to compute each element, can be written as follows:

   IntStream.range(startInclusive, endExclusive)          .forEach(i -> array[i] = generator.apply(i));

  Type Parameters:

  T - type of elements of the array

  Parameters:

  array - array to be initialized

  generator - a function accepting an index and producing the desired value for that position

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the generator is null

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSetAll

  public static <T> void parallelSetAll​(T[] array,IntFunction<? extends T> generator)

  Set all elements of the specified array, in parallel, using the provided generator function to compute each element.

  If the generator function throws an exception, an unchecked exception is thrown fromparallelSetAll and the array is left in an indeterminate state.

  API Note:

  Setting a subrange of an array, in parallel, using a generator function to compute each element, can be written as follows:

   IntStream.range(startInclusive, endExclusive)          .parallel()          .forEach(i -> array[i] = generator.apply(i));

  Type Parameters:

  T - type of elements of the array

  Parameters:

  array - array to be initialized

  generator - a function accepting an index and producing the desired value for that position

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the generator is null

  Since:

  1.8

• setAll

  public static void setAll​(int[] array,IntUnaryOperator generator)

  Set all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator function to compute each element.

  If the generator function throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller and the array is left in an indeterminate state.

  API Note:

  Setting a subrange of an array, using a generator function to compute each element, can be written as follows:

   IntStream.range(startInclusive, endExclusive)          .forEach(i -> array[i] = generator.applyAsInt(i));

  Parameters:

  array - array to be initialized

  generator - a function accepting an index and producing the desired value for that position

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the generator is null

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSetAll

  public static void parallelSetAll​(int[] array,IntUnaryOperator generator)

  Set all elements of the specified array, in parallel, using the provided generator function to compute each element.

  If the generator function throws an exception, an unchecked exception is thrown fromparallelSetAll and the array is left in an indeterminate state.

  API Note:

  Setting a subrange of an array, in parallel, using a generator function to compute each element, can be written as follows:

   IntStream.range(startInclusive, endExclusive)          .parallel()          .forEach(i -> array[i] = generator.applyAsInt(i));

  Parameters:

  array - array to be initialized

  generator - a function accepting an index and producing the desired value for that position

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the generator is null

  Since:

  1.8

• setAll

  public static void setAll​(long[] array,IntToLongFunction generator)

  Set all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator function to compute each element.

  If the generator function throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller and the array is left in an indeterminate state.

  API Note:

  Setting a subrange of an array, using a generator function to compute each element, can be written as follows:

   IntStream.range(startInclusive, endExclusive)          .forEach(i -> array[i] = generator.applyAsLong(i));

  Parameters:

  array - array to be initialized

  generator - a function accepting an index and producing the desired value for that position

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the generator is null

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSetAll

  public static void parallelSetAll​(long[] array,IntToLongFunction generator)

  Set all elements of the specified array, in parallel, using the provided generator function to compute each element.

  If the generator function throws an exception, an unchecked exception is thrown fromparallelSetAll and the array is left in an indeterminate state.

  API Note:

  Setting a subrange of an array, in parallel, using a generator function to compute each element, can be written as follows:

   IntStream.range(startInclusive, endExclusive)          .parallel()          .forEach(i -> array[i] = generator.applyAsLong(i));

  Parameters:

  array - array to be initialized

  generator - a function accepting an index and producing the desired value for that position

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the generator is null

  Since:

  1.8

• setAll

  public static void setAll​(double[] array,IntToDoubleFunction generator)

  Set all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator function to compute each element.

  If the generator function throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller and the array is left in an indeterminate state.

  API Note:

  Setting a subrange of an array, using a generator function to compute each element, can be written as follows:

   IntStream.range(startInclusive, endExclusive)          .forEach(i -> array[i] = generator.applyAsDouble(i));

  Parameters:

  array - array to be initialized

  generator - a function accepting an index and producing the desired value for that position

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the generator is null

  Since:

  1.8

• parallelSetAll

  public static void parallelSetAll​(double[] array,IntToDoubleFunction generator)

  Set all elements of the specified array, in parallel, using the provided generator function to compute each element.

  If the generator function throws an exception, an unchecked exception is thrown fromparallelSetAll and the array is left in an indeterminate state.

  API Note:

  Setting a subrange of an array, in parallel, using a generator function to compute each element, can be written as follows:

   IntStream.range(startInclusive, endExclusive)          .parallel()          .forEach(i -> array[i] = generator.applyAsDouble(i));

  Parameters:

  array - array to be initialized

  generator - a function accepting an index and producing the desired value for that position

  Throws:

  NullPointerException - if the generator is null

  Since:

  1.8

• spliterator

  public static <T> Spliterator<T> spliterator​(T[] array)

  Returns aSpliterator covering all of the specified array.

  The spliterator reportsSpliterator.SIZED,Spliterator.SUBSIZED,Spliterator.ORDERED, andSpliterator.IMMUTABLE.

  Type Parameters:

  T - type of elements

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  Returns:

  a spliterator for the array elements

  Since:

  1.8

• spliterator

  public static <T> Spliterator<T> spliterator​(T[] array,                                             int startInclusive,                                             int endExclusive)

  Returns aSpliterator covering the specified range of the specified array.

  The spliterator reportsSpliterator.SIZED,Spliterator.SUBSIZED,Spliterator.ORDERED, andSpliterator.IMMUTABLE.

  Type Parameters:

  T - type of elements

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  startInclusive - the first index to cover, inclusive

  endExclusive - index immediately past the last index to cover

  Returns:

  a spliterator for the array elements

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifstartInclusive is negative,endExclusive is less thanstartInclusive, orendExclusive is greater than the array size

  Since:

  1.8

• spliterator

  public static Spliterator.OfInt spliterator​(int[] array)

  Returns aSpliterator.OfInt covering all of the specified array.

  The spliterator reportsSpliterator.SIZED,Spliterator.SUBSIZED,Spliterator.ORDERED, andSpliterator.IMMUTABLE.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  Returns:

  a spliterator for the array elements

  Since:

  1.8

• spliterator

  public static Spliterator.OfInt spliterator​(int[] array,                                            int startInclusive,                                            int endExclusive)

  Returns aSpliterator.OfInt covering the specified range of the specified array.

  The spliterator reportsSpliterator.SIZED,Spliterator.SUBSIZED,Spliterator.ORDERED, andSpliterator.IMMUTABLE.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  startInclusive - the first index to cover, inclusive

  endExclusive - index immediately past the last index to cover

  Returns:

  a spliterator for the array elements

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifstartInclusive is negative,endExclusive is less thanstartInclusive, orendExclusive is greater than the array size

  Since:

  1.8

• spliterator

  public static Spliterator.OfLong spliterator​(long[] array)

  Returns aSpliterator.OfLong covering all of the specified array.

  The spliterator reportsSpliterator.SIZED,Spliterator.SUBSIZED,Spliterator.ORDERED, andSpliterator.IMMUTABLE.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  Returns:

  the spliterator for the array elements

  Since:

  1.8

• spliterator

  public static Spliterator.OfLong spliterator​(long[] array,                                             int startInclusive,                                             int endExclusive)

  Returns aSpliterator.OfLong covering the specified range of the specified array.

  The spliterator reportsSpliterator.SIZED,Spliterator.SUBSIZED,Spliterator.ORDERED, andSpliterator.IMMUTABLE.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  startInclusive - the first index to cover, inclusive

  endExclusive - index immediately past the last index to cover

  Returns:

  a spliterator for the array elements

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifstartInclusive is negative,endExclusive is less thanstartInclusive, orendExclusive is greater than the array size

  Since:

  1.8

• spliterator

  public static Spliterator.OfDouble spliterator​(double[] array)

  Returns aSpliterator.OfDouble covering all of the specified array.

  The spliterator reportsSpliterator.SIZED,Spliterator.SUBSIZED,Spliterator.ORDERED, andSpliterator.IMMUTABLE.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  Returns:

  a spliterator for the array elements

  Since:

  1.8

• spliterator

  public static Spliterator.OfDouble spliterator​(double[] array,                                               int startInclusive,                                               int endExclusive)

  Returns aSpliterator.OfDouble covering the specified range of the specified array.

  The spliterator reportsSpliterator.SIZED,Spliterator.SUBSIZED,Spliterator.ORDERED, andSpliterator.IMMUTABLE.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  startInclusive - the first index to cover, inclusive

  endExclusive - index immediately past the last index to cover

  Returns:

  a spliterator for the array elements

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifstartInclusive is negative,endExclusive is less thanstartInclusive, orendExclusive is greater than the array size

  Since:

  1.8

• stream

  public static <T> Stream<T> stream​(T[] array)

  Returns a sequentialStream with the specified array as its source.

  Type Parameters:

  T - The type of the array elements

  Parameters:

  array - The array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  Returns:

  aStream for the array

  Since:

  1.8

• stream

  public static <T> Stream<T> stream​(T[] array,                                   int startInclusive,                                   int endExclusive)

  Returns a sequentialStream with the specified range of the specified array as its source.

  Type Parameters:

  T - the type of the array elements

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  startInclusive - the first index to cover, inclusive

  endExclusive - index immediately past the last index to cover

  Returns:

  aStream for the array range

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifstartInclusive is negative,endExclusive is less thanstartInclusive, orendExclusive is greater than the array size

  Since:

  1.8

• stream

  public static IntStream stream​(int[] array)

  Returns a sequentialIntStream with the specified array as its source.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  Returns:

  anIntStream for the array

  Since:

  1.8

• stream

  public static IntStream stream​(int[] array,                               int startInclusive,                               int endExclusive)

  Returns a sequentialIntStream with the specified range of the specified array as its source.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  startInclusive - the first index to cover, inclusive

  endExclusive - index immediately past the last index to cover

  Returns:

  anIntStream for the array range

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifstartInclusive is negative,endExclusive is less thanstartInclusive, orendExclusive is greater than the array size

  Since:

  1.8

• stream

  public static LongStream stream​(long[] array)

  Returns a sequentialLongStream with the specified array as its source.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  Returns:

  aLongStream for the array

  Since:

  1.8

• stream

  public static LongStream stream​(long[] array,                                int startInclusive,                                int endExclusive)

  Returns a sequentialLongStream with the specified range of the specified array as its source.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  startInclusive - the first index to cover, inclusive

  endExclusive - index immediately past the last index to cover

  Returns:

  aLongStream for the array range

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifstartInclusive is negative,endExclusive is less thanstartInclusive, orendExclusive is greater than the array size

  Since:

  1.8

• stream

  public static DoubleStream stream​(double[] array)

  Returns a sequentialDoubleStream with the specified array as its source.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  Returns:

  aDoubleStream for the array

  Since:

  1.8

• stream

  public static DoubleStream stream​(double[] array,                                  int startInclusive,                                  int endExclusive)

  Returns a sequentialDoubleStream with the specified range of the specified array as its source.

  Parameters:

  array - the array, assumed to be unmodified during use

  startInclusive - the first index to cover, inclusive

  endExclusive - index immediately past the last index to cover

  Returns:

  aDoubleStream for the array range

  Throws:

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifstartInclusive is negative,endExclusive is less thanstartInclusive, orendExclusive is greater than the array size

  Since:

  1.8

• compare

  public static int compare​(boolean[] a,                          boolean[] b)

  Compares twoboolean arrays lexicographically.

  If the two arrays share a common prefix then the lexicographic comparison is the result of comparing two elements, as if byBoolean.compare(boolean, boolean), at an index within the respective arrays that is the prefix length. Otherwise, one array is a proper prefix of the other and, lexicographic comparison is the result of comparing the two array lengths. (Seemismatch(boolean[], boolean[]) for the definition of a common and proper prefix.)

  Anull array reference is considered lexicographically less than a non-null array reference. Twonull array references are considered equal.

  The comparison is consistent withequals, more specifically the following holds for arraysa andb:

       Arrays.equals(a, b) == (Arrays.compare(a, b) == 0)

  API Note:

  This method behaves as if (for non-null array references):

       int i = Arrays.mismatch(a, b);     if (i >= 0 && i < Math.min(a.length, b.length))         return Boolean.compare(a[i], b[i]);     return a.length - b.length;

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to compare

  b - the second array to compare

  Returns:

  the value0 if the first and second array are equal and contain the same elements in the same order; a value less than0 if the first array is lexicographically less than the second array; and a value greater than0 if the first array is lexicographically greater than the second array

  Since:

  9

• compare

  public static int compare​(boolean[] a,                          int aFromIndex,                          int aToIndex,                          boolean[] b,                          int bFromIndex,                          int bToIndex)

  Compares twoboolean arrays lexicographically over the specified ranges.

  If the two arrays, over the specified ranges, share a common prefix then the lexicographic comparison is the result of comparing two elements, as if byBoolean.compare(boolean, boolean), at a relative index within the respective arrays that is the length of the prefix. Otherwise, one array is a proper prefix of the other and, lexicographic comparison is the result of comparing the two range lengths. (Seemismatch(boolean[], int, int, boolean[], int, int) for the definition of a common and proper prefix.)

  The comparison is consistent withequals, more specifically the following holds for arraysa andb with specified ranges [aFromIndex,atoIndex) and [bFromIndex,btoIndex) respectively:

       Arrays.equals(a, aFromIndex, aToIndex, b, bFromIndex, bToIndex) ==         (Arrays.compare(a, aFromIndex, aToIndex, b, bFromIndex, bToIndex) == 0)

  API Note:

  This method behaves as if:

       int i = Arrays.mismatch(a, aFromIndex, aToIndex,                             b, bFromIndex, bToIndex);     if (i >= 0 && i < Math.min(aToIndex - aFromIndex, bToIndex - bFromIndex))         return Boolean.compare(a[aFromIndex + i], b[bFromIndex + i]);     return (aToIndex - aFromIndex) - (bToIndex - bFromIndex);

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to compare

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be compared

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be compared

  b - the second array to compare

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be compared

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be compared

  Returns:

  the value0 if, over the specified ranges, the first and second array are equal and contain the same elements in the same order; a value less than0 if, over the specified ranges, the first array is lexicographically less than the second array; and a value greater than0 if, over the specified ranges, the first array is lexicographically greater than the second array

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array isnull

  Since:

  9

• compare

  public static int compare​(byte[] a,                          byte[] b)

  Compares twobyte arrays lexicographically.

  If the two arrays share a common prefix then the lexicographic comparison is the result of comparing two elements, as if byByte.compare(byte, byte), at an index within the respective arrays that is the prefix length. Otherwise, one array is a proper prefix of the other and, lexicographic comparison is the result of comparing the two array lengths. (Seemismatch(byte[], byte[]) for the definition of a common and proper prefix.)

  Anull array reference is considered lexicographically less than a non-null array reference. Twonull array references are considered equal.

  The comparison is consistent withequals, more specifically the following holds for arraysa andb:

       Arrays.equals(a, b) == (Arrays.compare(a, b) == 0)

  API Note:

  This method behaves as if (for non-null array references):

       int i = Arrays.mismatch(a, b);     if (i >= 0 && i < Math.min(a.length, b.length))         return Byte.compare(a[i], b[i]);     return a.length - b.length;

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to compare

  b - the second array to compare

  Returns:

  the value0 if the first and second array are equal and contain the same elements in the same order; a value less than0 if the first array is lexicographically less than the second array; and a value greater than0 if the first array is lexicographically greater than the second array

  Since:

  9

• compare

  public static int compare​(byte[] a,                          int aFromIndex,                          int aToIndex,                          byte[] b,                          int bFromIndex,                          int bToIndex)

  Compares twobyte arrays lexicographically over the specified ranges.

  If the two arrays, over the specified ranges, share a common prefix then the lexicographic comparison is the result of comparing two elements, as if byByte.compare(byte, byte), at a relative index within the respective arrays that is the length of the prefix. Otherwise, one array is a proper prefix of the other and, lexicographic comparison is the result of comparing the two range lengths. (Seemismatch(byte[], int, int, byte[], int, int) for the definition of a common and proper prefix.)

  The comparison is consistent withequals, more specifically the following holds for arraysa andb with specified ranges [aFromIndex,atoIndex) and [bFromIndex,btoIndex) respectively:

       Arrays.equals(a, aFromIndex, aToIndex, b, bFromIndex, bToIndex) ==         (Arrays.compare(a, aFromIndex, aToIndex, b, bFromIndex, bToIndex) == 0)

  API Note:

  This method behaves as if:

       int i = Arrays.mismatch(a, aFromIndex, aToIndex,                             b, bFromIndex, bToIndex);     if (i >= 0 && i < Math.min(aToIndex - aFromIndex, bToIndex - bFromIndex))         return Byte.compare(a[aFromIndex + i], b[bFromIndex + i]);     return (aToIndex - aFromIndex) - (bToIndex - bFromIndex);

  Parameters:

  a - the first array to compare

  aFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the first array to be compared

  aToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the first array to be compared

  b - the second array to compare

  bFromIndex - the index (inclusive) of the first element in the second array to be compared

  bToIndex - the index (exclusive) of the last element in the second array to be compared

  Returns:

  the value0 if, over the specified ranges, the first and second array are equal and contain the same elements in the same order; a value less than0 if, over the specified ranges, the first array is lexicographically less than the second array; and a value greater than0 if, over the specified ranges, the first array is lexicographically greater than the second array

  Throws:

  IllegalArgumentException - ifaFromIndex > aToIndex or ifbFromIndex > bToIndex

  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - ifaFromIndex < 0 or aToIndex > a.length or ifbFromIndex < 0 or bToIndex > b.length

  NullPointerException - if either array isnull

  Since:

  9