Module java.base

Package java.lang

Provides classes that are fundamental to the design of the Java programming language. The most important classes are Object, which is the root of the class hierarchy, and Class, instances of which represent classes at run time.

Frequently it is necessary to represent a value of primitive type as if it were an object. The wrapper classesBoolean,Character,Integer,Long,Float, andDouble serve this purpose. An object of type Double, for example, contains a field whose type is double, representing that value in such a way that a reference to it can be stored in a variable of reference type. These classes also provide a number of methods for converting among primitive values, as well as supporting such standard methods as equals and hashCode. TheVoid class is a non-instantiable class that holds a reference to aClass object representing the type void.

The classMath provides commonly used mathematical functions such as sine, cosine, and square root. The classes String,StringBuffer, andStringBuilder similarly provide commonly used operations on character strings.

ClassesClassLoader,Process, ProcessBuilder,Runtime,SecurityManager, andSystem provide "system operations" that manage the dynamic loading of classes, creation of external processes, host environment inquiries such as the time of day, and enforcement of security policies.

ClassThrowable encompasses objects that may be thrown by thethrow statement. Subclasses ofThrowable represent errors and exceptions.

Character Encodings

The specification of thejava.nio.charset.Charset class describes the naming conventions for character encodings as well as the set of standard encodings that must be supported by every implementation of the Java platform.
Since:
1.0