Module java.base
Package java.io

Class Console

  • All Implemented Interfaces:
    Flushable
    public final classConsoleextendsObjectimplementsFlushable
    Methods to access the character-based console device, if any, associated with the current Java virtual machine.

    Whether a virtual machine has a console is dependent upon the underlying platform and also upon the manner in which the virtual machine is invoked. If the virtual machine is started from an interactive command line without redirecting the standard input and output streams then its console will exist and will typically be connected to the keyboard and display from which the virtual machine was launched. If the virtual machine is started automatically, for example by a background job scheduler, then it will typically not have a console.

    If this virtual machine has a console then it is represented by a unique instance of this class which can be obtained by invoking theSystem.console() method. If no console device is available then an invocation of that method will returnnull.

    Read and write operations are synchronized to guarantee the atomic completion of critical operations; therefore invoking methodsreadLine(),readPassword(),format(),printf() as well as the read, format and write operations on the objects returned byreader() andwriter() may block in multithreaded scenarios.

    Invokingclose() on the objects returned by thereader() and thewriter() will not close the underlying stream of those objects.

    The console-read methods returnnull when the end of the console input stream is reached, for example by typing control-D on Unix or control-Z on Windows. Subsequent read operations will succeed if additional characters are later entered on the console's input device.

    Unless otherwise specified, passing anull argument to any method in this class will cause aNullPointerException to be thrown.

    Security note: If an application needs to read a password or other secure data, it should usereadPassword() orreadPassword(String, Object...) and manually zero the returned character array after processing to minimize the lifetime of sensitive data in memory.

     Console cons; char[] passwd; if ((cons = System.console()) != null &&     (passwd = cons.readPassword("[%s]", "Password:")) != null) {     ...     java.util.Arrays.fill(passwd, ' '); }

    Since:
    1.6

    • Method Detail

      • writer

        public PrintWriter writer()
        Retrieves the uniquePrintWriter object associated with this console.
        Returns:
        The printwriter associated with this console

      • reader

        public Reader reader()
        Retrieves the uniqueReader object associated with this console.

        This method is intended to be used by sophisticated applications, for example, aScanner object which utilizes the rich parsing/scanning functionality provided by theScanner:

         Console con = System.console(); if (con != null) {     Scanner sc = new Scanner(con.reader());     ... }

        For simple applications requiring only line-oriented reading, usereadLine(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object...).

        The bulk read operationsread(char[]),read(char[], int, int) andread(java.nio.CharBuffer) on the returned object will not read in characters beyond the line bound for each invocation, even if the destination buffer has space for more characters. TheReader'sread methods may block if a line bound has not been entered or reached on the console's input device. A line bound is considered to be any one of a line feed ('\n'), a carriage return ('\r'), a carriage return followed immediately by a linefeed, or an end of stream.

        Returns:
        The reader associated with this console

      • format

        public Console format​(String fmt,Object... args)
        Writes a formatted string to this console's output stream using the specified format string and arguments.
        Parameters:
        fmt - A format string as described inFormat string syntax
        args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined byThe Java™ Virtual Machine Specification. The behaviour on anull argument depends on theconversion.
        Returns:
        This console
        Throws:
        IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see theDetails section of the formatter class specification.

      • printf

        public Console printf​(String format,Object... args)
        A convenience method to write a formatted string to this console's output stream using the specified format string and arguments.

        An invocation of this method of the formcon.printf(format, args) behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation of

        con.format(format, args)
        .

        Parameters:
        format - A format string as described inFormat string syntax.
        args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined byThe Java™ Virtual Machine Specification. The behaviour on anull argument depends on theconversion.
        Returns:
        This console
        Throws:
        IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see theDetails section of the formatter class specification.

      • readLine

        public String readLine​(String fmt,Object... args)
        Provides a formatted prompt, then reads a single line of text from the console.
        Parameters:
        fmt - A format string as described inFormat string syntax.
        args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined byThe Java™ Virtual Machine Specification.
        Returns:
        A string containing the line read from the console, not including any line-termination characters, ornull if an end of stream has been reached.
        Throws:
        IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see theDetails section of the formatter class specification.
        IOError - If an I/O error occurs.

      • readLine

        public String readLine()
        Reads a single line of text from the console.
        Returns:
        A string containing the line read from the console, not including any line-termination characters, ornull if an end of stream has been reached.
        Throws:
        IOError - If an I/O error occurs.

      • readPassword

        public char[] readPassword​(String fmt,Object... args)
        Provides a formatted prompt, then reads a password or passphrase from the console with echoing disabled.
        Parameters:
        fmt - A format string as described inFormat string syntax for the prompt text.
        args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined byThe Java™ Virtual Machine Specification.
        Returns:
        A character array containing the password or passphrase read from the console, not including any line-termination characters, ornull if an end of stream has been reached.
        Throws:
        IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see theDetails section of the formatter class specification.
        IOError - If an I/O error occurs.

      • readPassword

        public char[] readPassword()
        Reads a password or passphrase from the console with echoing disabled
        Returns:
        A character array containing the password or passphrase read from the console, not including any line-termination characters, ornull if an end of stream has been reached.
        Throws:
        IOError - If an I/O error occurs.

      • flush

        public void flush()
        Flushes the console and forces any buffered output to be written immediately .
        Specified by:
        flush in interface Flushable