Python Rules

Rules

py_binary

py_binary(name,deps,srcs,data,args,compatible_with,deprecation,distribs,env,exec_compatible_with,exec_properties,features,imports,legacy_create_init,licenses,main,output_licenses,python_version,restricted_to,srcs_version,stamp,tags,target_compatible_with,testonly,toolchains,visibility)

Apy_binary is an executable Python program consisting of a collection of.py source files (possibly belonging to otherpy_library rules), a*.runfiles directory tree containing all the code and data needed by the program at run-time, and a stub script that starts up the program with the correct initial environment and data.

Examples

py_binary(    name = "foo",    srcs = ["foo.py"],    data = [":transform"],  # a cc_binary which we invoke at run time    deps = [        ":foolib",  # a py_library    ],)

If you want to run apy_binary from within another binary or test (for example, running a python binary to set up some mock resource from within a java_test) then the correct approach is to make the other binary or test depend on thepy_binary in its data section. The other binary can then locate thepy_binary relative to the source directory.

py_binary(    name = "test_main",    srcs = ["test_main.py"],    deps = [":testlib"],)java_library(    name = "testing",    srcs = glob(["*.java"]),    data = [":test_main"])

Arguments

Attributes
`name`	`Name; required` A unique name for this target. If`main` is unspecified, this should be the same as the name of the source file that is the main entry point of the application, minus the extension. For example, if your entry point is called`main.py`, then your name should be`main`.
`deps`	`List oflabels; optional` The list of other libraries to be linked in to the binary target. See general comments about`deps` at Attributes common to all build rules. These are generally`py_library` rules.
`srcs`	`List oflabels; required` The list of source (`.py`) files that are processed to create the target. This includes all your checked-in code and any generated source files. Library targets belong in`deps` instead, while other binary files needed at runtime belong in`data`.
`imports`	`List of strings; optional` List of import directories to be added to the`PYTHONPATH`. Subject to"Make variable" substitution. These import directories will be added for this rule and all rules that depend on it (note: not the rules this rule depends on. Each directory will be added to`PYTHONPATH` by`py_binary` rules that depend on this rule. Absolute paths (paths that start with`/`) and paths that references a path above the execution root are not allowed and will result in an error.
`legacy_create_init`	`Integer; optional; default is -1` Whether to implicitly create empty __init__.py files in the runfiles tree. These are created in every directory containing Python source code or shared libraries, and every parent directory of those directories, excluding the repo root directory. The default, auto, means true unless`--incompatible_default_to_explicit_init_py` is used. If false, the user is responsible for creating (possibly empty) __init__.py files and adding them to the`srcs` of Python targets as required.
`main`	`Label; optional` The name of the source file that is the main entry point of the application. This file must also be listed in`srcs`. If left unspecified,`name` is used instead (see above). If`name` does not match any filename in`srcs`,`main` must be specified.
`python_version`	`String; optional;nonconfigurable; default is "_INTERNAL_SENTINEL"` Whether to build this target (and its transitive`deps`) for Python 2 or Python 3. Valid values are`"PY2"` and`"PY3"` (the default). The Python version is always reset (possibly by default) to whatever version is specified by this attribute, regardless of the version specified on the command line or by other higher targets that depend on this one. If you want to`select()` on the current Python version, you can inspect the value of`@rules_python//python:python_version`. Seehere for more information. Bug warning: This attribute sets the version for which Bazel builds your target, but due to#4815, the resulting stub script may still invoke the wrong interpreter version at runtime. Seethis workaround, which involves defining a`py_runtime` target that points to either Python version as needed, and activating this`py_runtime` by setting`--python_top`.
`srcs_version`	`String; optional; default is "PY2AND3"` This attribute declares the target's`srcs` to be compatible with either Python 2, Python 3, or both. To actually set the Python runtime version, use the`python_version` attribute of an executable Python rule (`py_binary` or`py_test`). Allowed values are:`"PY2AND3"`,`"PY2"`, and`"PY3"`. The values`"PY2ONLY"` and`"PY3ONLY"` are also allowed for historic reasons, but they are essentially the same as`"PY2"` and`"PY3"` and should be avoided. Note that only the executable rules (`py_binary` and`py_library`) actually verify the current Python version against the value of this attribute. (This is a feature; since`py_library` does not change the current Python version, if it did the validation, it'd be impossible to build both`PY2ONLY` and`PY3ONLY` libraries in the same invocation.) Furthermore, if there is a version mismatch, the error is only reported in the execution phase. In particular, the error will not appear in a`bazel build --nobuild` invocation.) To get diagnostic information about which dependencies introduce version requirements, you can run the`find_requirements` aspect on your target: bazel build <your target> \ --aspects=@rules_python//python:defs.bzl%find_requirements \ --output_groups=pyversioninfo This will build a file with the suffix`-pyversioninfo.txt` giving information about why your target requires one Python version or another. Note that it works even if the given target failed to build due to a version conflict.
`stamp`	`Integer; optional; default is -1` Whether to encode build information into the binary. Possible values: `stamp = 1`: Always stamp the build information into the binary, even in`--nostamp` builds.This setting should be avoided, since it potentially kills remote caching for the binary and any downstream actions that depend on it. `stamp = 0`: Always replace build information by constant values. This gives good build result caching. `stamp = -1`: Embedding of build information is controlled by the`--[no]stamp` flag. Stamped binaries arenot rebuilt unless their dependencies change.

py_library

py_library(name,deps,srcs,data,compatible_with,deprecation,distribs,exec_compatible_with,exec_properties,features,imports,licenses,restricted_to,srcs_version,tags,target_compatible_with,testonly,visibility)

Arguments

Attributes
`name`	`Name; required` A unique name for this target.
`deps`	`List oflabels; optional` The list of other libraries to be linked in to the binary target. See general comments about`deps` at Attributes common to all build rules. These are generally`py_library` rules.
`srcs`	`List oflabels; optional` The list of source (`.py`) files that are processed to create the target. This includes all your checked-in code and any generated source files.
`imports`	`List of strings; optional` List of import directories to be added to the`PYTHONPATH`. Subject to"Make variable" substitution. These import directories will be added for this rule and all rules that depend on it (note: not the rules this rule depends on. Each directory will be added to`PYTHONPATH` by`py_binary` rules that depend on this rule. Absolute paths (paths that start with`/`) and paths that references a path above the execution root are not allowed and will result in an error.
`srcs_version`	`String; optional; default is "PY2AND3"` This attribute declares the target's`srcs` to be compatible with either Python 2, Python 3, or both. To actually set the Python runtime version, use the`python_version` attribute of an executable Python rule (`py_binary` or`py_test`). Allowed values are:`"PY2AND3"`,`"PY2"`, and`"PY3"`. The values`"PY2ONLY"` and`"PY3ONLY"` are also allowed for historic reasons, but they are essentially the same as`"PY2"` and`"PY3"` and should be avoided. Note that only the executable rules (`py_binary` and`py_library`) actually verify the current Python version against the value of this attribute. (This is a feature; since`py_library` does not change the current Python version, if it did the validation, it'd be impossible to build both`PY2ONLY` and`PY3ONLY` libraries in the same invocation.) Furthermore, if there is a version mismatch, the error is only reported in the execution phase. In particular, the error will not appear in a`bazel build --nobuild` invocation.) To get diagnostic information about which dependencies introduce version requirements, you can run the`find_requirements` aspect on your target: bazel build <your target> \ --aspects=@rules_python//python:defs.bzl%find_requirements \ --output_groups=pyversioninfo This will build a file with the suffix`-pyversioninfo.txt` giving information about why your target requires one Python version or another. Note that it works even if the given target failed to build due to a version conflict.

py_test

py_test(name,deps,srcs,data,args,compatible_with,deprecation,distribs,env,env_inherit,exec_compatible_with,exec_properties,features,flaky,imports,legacy_create_init,licenses,local,main,python_version,restricted_to,shard_count,size,srcs_version,stamp,tags,target_compatible_with,testonly,timeout,toolchains,visibility)

Apy_test() rule compiles a test. A test is a binary wrapper around some test code.

Examples

py_test(    name = "runtest_test",    srcs = ["runtest_test.py"],    deps = [        "//path/to/a/py/library",    ],)

It's also possible to specify a main module:

py_test(    name = "runtest_test",    srcs = [        "runtest_main.py",        "runtest_lib.py",    ],    main = "runtest_main.py",)

Arguments

Attributes
`name`	`Name; required` A unique name for this target.
`deps`	`List oflabels; optional` The list of other libraries to be linked in to the binary target. See general comments about`deps` at Attributes common to all build rules. These are generally`py_library` rules.
`srcs`	`List oflabels; required` The list of source (`.py`) files that are processed to create the target. This includes all your checked-in code and any generated source files. Library targets belong in`deps` instead, while other binary files needed at runtime belong in`data`.
`imports`	`List of strings; optional` List of import directories to be added to the`PYTHONPATH`. Subject to"Make variable" substitution. These import directories will be added for this rule and all rules that depend on it (note: not the rules this rule depends on. Each directory will be added to`PYTHONPATH` by`py_binary` rules that depend on this rule. Absolute paths (paths that start with`/`) and paths that references a path above the execution root are not allowed and will result in an error.
`legacy_create_init`	`Integer; optional; default is -1` Whether to implicitly create empty __init__.py files in the runfiles tree. These are created in every directory containing Python source code or shared libraries, and every parent directory of those directories, excluding the repo root directory. The default, auto, means true unless`--incompatible_default_to_explicit_init_py` is used. If false, the user is responsible for creating (possibly empty) __init__.py files and adding them to the`srcs` of Python targets as required.
`main`	`Label; optional` The name of the source file that is the main entry point of the application. This file must also be listed in`srcs`. If left unspecified,`name` is used instead (see above). If`name` does not match any filename in`srcs`,`main` must be specified.
`python_version`	`String; optional;nonconfigurable; default is "_INTERNAL_SENTINEL"` Whether to build this target (and its transitive`deps`) for Python 2 or Python 3. Valid values are`"PY2"` and`"PY3"` (the default). The Python version is always reset (possibly by default) to whatever version is specified by this attribute, regardless of the version specified on the command line or by other higher targets that depend on this one. If you want to`select()` on the current Python version, you can inspect the value of`@rules_python//python:python_version`. Seehere for more information. Bug warning: This attribute sets the version for which Bazel builds your target, but due to#4815, the resulting stub script may still invoke the wrong interpreter version at runtime. Seethis workaround, which involves defining a`py_runtime` target that points to either Python version as needed, and activating this`py_runtime` by setting`--python_top`.
`srcs_version`	`String; optional; default is "PY2AND3"` This attribute declares the target's`srcs` to be compatible with either Python 2, Python 3, or both. To actually set the Python runtime version, use the`python_version` attribute of an executable Python rule (`py_binary` or`py_test`). Allowed values are:`"PY2AND3"`,`"PY2"`, and`"PY3"`. The values`"PY2ONLY"` and`"PY3ONLY"` are also allowed for historic reasons, but they are essentially the same as`"PY2"` and`"PY3"` and should be avoided. Note that only the executable rules (`py_binary` and`py_library`) actually verify the current Python version against the value of this attribute. (This is a feature; since`py_library` does not change the current Python version, if it did the validation, it'd be impossible to build both`PY2ONLY` and`PY3ONLY` libraries in the same invocation.) Furthermore, if there is a version mismatch, the error is only reported in the execution phase. In particular, the error will not appear in a`bazel build --nobuild` invocation.) To get diagnostic information about which dependencies introduce version requirements, you can run the`find_requirements` aspect on your target: bazel build <your target> \ --aspects=@rules_python//python:defs.bzl%find_requirements \ --output_groups=pyversioninfo This will build a file with the suffix`-pyversioninfo.txt` giving information about why your target requires one Python version or another. Note that it works even if the given target failed to build due to a version conflict.
`stamp`	`Integer; optional; default is 0` See the section onpy_binary() arguments, except that the stamp argument is set to 0 by default for tests.

py_runtime

py_runtime(name,compatible_with,deprecation,distribs,features,files,interpreter,interpreter_path,licenses,python_version,restricted_to,stub_shebang,tags,target_compatible_with,testonly,visibility)

Represents a Python runtime used to execute Python code.

Apy_runtime target can represent either aplatform runtime or anin-build runtime. A platform runtime accesses a system-installed interpreter at a knownpath, whereas an in-build runtime points to an executable target that acts as the interpreter. Inboth cases, an "interpreter" means any executable binary or wrapper script that is capable ofrunning a Python script passed on the command line, following the same conventions as the standardCPython interpreter.

A platform runtime is by its nature non-hermetic. It imposes a requirement on the target platformto have an interpreter located at a specific path. An in-build runtime may or may not be hermetic,depending on whether it points to a checked-in interpreter or a wrapper script that accesses thesystem interpreter.

Example:

py_runtime(    name = "python-2.7.12",    files = glob(["python-2.7.12/**"]),    interpreter = "python-2.7.12/bin/python",)py_runtime(    name = "python-3.6.0",    interpreter_path = "/opt/pyenv/versions/3.6.0/bin/python",)

Arguments

Attributes
`name`	`Name; required` A unique name for this target.
`files`	`List oflabels; optional` For an in-build runtime, this is the set of files comprising this runtime. These files will be added to the runfiles of Python binaries that use this runtime. For a platform runtime this attribute must not be set.
`interpreter`	`Label; optional` For an in-build runtime, this is the target to invoke as the interpreter. For a platform runtime this attribute must not be set.
`interpreter_path`	`String; optional` For a platform runtime, this is the absolute path of a Python interpreter on the target platform. For an in-build runtime this attribute must not be set.
`python_version`	`String; optional; default is "_INTERNAL_SENTINEL"` Whether this runtime is for Python major version 2 or 3. Valid values are`"PY2"` and`"PY3"`. The default value is controlled by the`--incompatible_py3_is_default` flag. However, in the future this attribute will be mandatory and have no default value.
`stub_shebang`	`String; optional; default is "#!/usr/bin/env python3"` "Shebang" expression prepended to the bootstrapping Python stub script used when executing`py_binary` targets. Seeissue 8685 for motivation. Does not apply to Windows.

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Python Rules

Rules

py_binary

Examples

Arguments

py_library

Arguments

py_test

Examples

Arguments

py_runtime

Example:

Arguments