Switzerland (German:Schweiz, French:Suisse, Italian:Svizzera, Romansch:Svizra, Latin:Confoederatio Helvetica), officially theSwiss Confederation, is a landlocked country in Western, Central, and SouthernEurope. It is bordered byItaly to the south,France to the west,Germany to the north, andAustria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts the largest cities and economic centers, including Zürich, Geneva and Basel.
The climate is temperate, but varies with altitude. Switzerland has cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters and cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers.
Switzerland is known for its mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest), but it also has a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes. The highest point is Dufourspitze at 4,634m (2.879 miles), while the lowest point is Lake Maggiore at only 195m (639.764 feet) above sea level.
Switzerland's independence and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and Switzerland has not been involved in any military conflict since1815. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations, but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.
Switzerland showcases three of Europe's most distinct cultures. To the northeast is the clean and correct, 8-to-5-working, stiffer Swiss-German-speaking Switzerland; to the southwest is the wine drinking and laissez-faire style known from the French; in the southeast, south of the Alps, the sun warms cappuccino-sippers loitering in Italian-style plazas; and in the center, classic Swiss alphorns and mountain landscapes. Binding it all together is a distinct Swiss mentality.
Switzerland is a peaceful, prosperous, and stable modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP larger than that of the big Western European economies. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to enhance their international competitiveness. Switzerland remains a safe haven for investors, because it has maintained a degree of bank secrecy and has kept up the franc's long-term external value. Reflecting the anemic economic conditions of Europe, GDP growth dropped in 2001 to about 0.8%, to 0.2% in 2002, and to -0.3% in2003, with a small rise to 1.8% in2004–'05. Even so, unemployment has remained at less than half the EU average.
