Accounts group one or more members together with specific roles or permissions. Accounts can be associated with any number of domains.

The final step in the TCP three-way handshake, confirming the establishment of a connection.

A DNS zone that is active on Cloudflare requires changing its nameservers to Cloudflare's for management.

A data structure enabling customers with BYOIP prefixes or account-level static IPs to specify which IP addresses should be mapped to DNS records when they are proxied through Cloudflare.

A bot which scrapes content from websites in support of an AI model, including by scraping content for indexing, retrieval augmented generation, or training.

An AI model is a trained system that processes input data to generate predictions, decisions, or outputs based on patterns it has learned.

A Durable Object alarm is a mechanism that allows you to schedule the Durable Object to be woken up at a time in the future.

An allowlist is a list of items (usually websites, IP addresses, email addresses, etc.) that are permitted to access a system.

Anycast is a network addressing and routing method in which incoming requests can be routed to a variety of different locations. Anycast typically routes incoming traffic to the nearest data center with the capacity to process the request efficiently.

Apex domain is used to refer to a domain that does not contain a subdomain part, such asexample.com (withoutwww.). It is also known as "root domain" or "naked domain".

Also known as an API request. An API call is a message sent to a server asking an API to provide a service or information.

The API endpoint is the location where API calls or requests are fulfilled. API Shield defines endpoints as a host, method, and path tuple.

An API key is unique to each Cloudflare user and used to confirm identity when using theCloudflare API.

The API schema defines which API requests are valid based on several request properties like target endpoint, path or query variable format, and HTTP method.

API tokens authorize access to specific Cloudflare dashboard pages, accounts, and zones. API tokens are associated to the user that created them.

API Tokens are authentication credentials used to securely access and manage Workers AI resources via the REST API.

The App Launcher portal provides end users with a single dashboard to open applications secured by Cloudflare Zero Trust.

The resource protected by Cloudflare Zero Trust, which can be a subdomain, a path, or a SaaS application.

A piece of data that grants a user access to a specific Access application for a period of time. Can be stored in a browser cookie or passed to the application in place of a normal password.

A number from 1 (likely malicious) to 99 (likely clean) classifying how likely an incoming request is malicious or not. Allows you to detect new attack techniques before they are publicly known.

Traffic that flows through Area 1 can receive one or more attributes, which indicate that a specific condition has been met.

Authenticated Origin Pulls allow origin web servers to validate that a web request came from Cloudflare using TLS client certificate authentication.

A large network or group of networks that has a unified routing policy. Every computer or device that connects to the Internet is connected to an autonomous system.

A Worker created locally via theWorkers Vitest integration that runs in a separate isolate to the test runner, with a different global scope.

Backup codes allow restoration of Cloudflare account access outside the normaltwo-factor authentication process. A backup code becomes invalid after use.

The maximum rate of data transfer across a network.

Bindings allow your Workers to interact with resources on the Cloudflare Developer Platform.

Matches raw bits in a packet to certain values specified in your rules.

A blocklist is a list of items (usually websites, IP addresses, email addresses, etc.) that are prevented from accessing a system.

A bookmark represents the state of a database at a specific point in time.

• Bookmarks are lexicographically sortable. Sorting orders a list of bookmarks from oldest-to-newest.

A bookmark is a mostly alphanumeric string like0000007b-0000b26e-00001538-0c3e87bb37b3db5cc52eedb93cd3b96b which represents a specific state of a SQLite database at a certain point in time. Bookmarks are designed to be lexically comparable: a bookmark representing an earlier point in time compares less than one representing a later point, using regular string comparison.

The routing protocol for the Internet, which is responsible for picking the most efficient routes to deliver Internet traffic.

A software application programmed to do tasks that can be used for good (chatbots, search engine crawlers) or for evil (inventory hoarding, credential stuffing).

A score from 1 to 99 that indicates how likely that request came from a bot, in which 1 to 29 is likely automated and 30 to 99 is likely human.

Additional information about a bot request, such as why Cloudflare has given it a bot score and whether the request came from a verified bot or a category of verified bots.

Brotli compression is a data compression algorithm developed by Google, optimized for web content, and designed to achieve higher compression ratios than traditional algorithms like Gzip.

C3 is a command-line tool designed to help you set up and deploy new applications to Cloudflare.

A temporary storage area where frequently accessed data is stored for quick retrieval.

When a requested piece of content is found in the cache, reducing the need to fetch it from the origin server.

Cache lock (or mutex) is a mechanism employed by CDN data centers, comprising numerous servers, to prevent the overloading of origin servers. This mechanism ensures that only one server can request a specific file from the origin at any given time, facilitating efficient coordination among the servers.

When a requested piece of content is not found in the cache, requiring the server to fetch it from the origin server.

The amount of bandwidth served from Cloudflare without hitting the origin server. Cached bandwidth is the sum of allEdgeResponseBytes whereCacheCacheStatus equalshit,stale,updating,ignored, orrevalidated.

The number of requests served from Cloudflare without having to hit the origin server. Cached requests are the sum of all requests whereCacheCacheStatus equalshit,stale,updating,ignored. This does not includerevalidated since the request had to be sent to the origin server.

CacheTtl is a parameter that defines the length of time in seconds that a KV result is cached in the global network location it is accessed from.

The process of storing copies of files or data in a cache to accelerate future requests.

A CAPTCHA test is designed to determine if an online user is really a human and not a bot. CAPTCHA is an acronym that stands for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart."

A login screen shown to users when they connect to a public Wi-Fi. Captive portals typically occur in places such as airports, cafes, and hotels.

SSL certificates enable encryption over HTTPS for traffic between a client and a website. SSL certificates contain the website's public key and the website's identity along with related information. Devices attempting to communicate with the origin web server reference the SSL certificate to obtain the public key and verify the server's identity. Cloudflare provides aUniversal SSL certificate for each active Cloudflare domain.

A CA is a trusted third party that provides SSL certificates for encrypting network traffic.

Certificate packs allow Cloudflare to fallback to a different SSL certificate for browsers that do not support the latest standards. Certificate packs allow Custom SSL certificates to contain different signature algorithms for the same hostnames listed within the SSL certificate without taking up additional Custom SSL certificate quota for your Cloudflare account.

A security mechanism used to prevent on-path attacks on the Internet by hardcoding information about the certificate that the application expects to receive. If the wrong certificate is received, even if it is trusted by the system, the application will refuse to connect.

A CAA record declares which CAs are allowed to issue an SSL certificate for a domain.

Header to customize the backoff type forrequest retries of a request.

Thecf-aig-cache-key-aig-cache-key let you override the default cache key in order to precisely set the cacheability setting for any resource.

Status indicator for caching, showing if a request was served from cache.

Specifies thecache time-to-live for responses.

Thecf-aig-collect-log header allows you to bypass the default log setting for the gateway.

Allows thecustomization of request cost to reflect user-defined parameters.

cf-aig-event-id is a unique identifier for an event, used to trace specific events through the system.

Thecf-aig-log-id is a unique identifier for the specific log entry to which you want to add feedback.

Header to customize the number of max attempts forrequest retries of a request.

Custom metadataallows you to tag requests with user IDs or other identifiers, enabling better tracking and analysis of your requests.

Header to trigger a fallback provider based on apredetermined response time (measured in milliseconds).

Header to customize the retry delay forrequest retries of a request.

Header tobypass caching for a specific request.

cf-aig-step identifies the processing step in the AI Gateway flow for better tracking and debugging.

Deprecated: This header is replaced bycf-aig-cache-ttl. It specifies cache time-to-live.

Deprecated: This header is replaced bycf-aig-skip-cache. It bypasses caching for a specific request.

A unique, virtual IP address assigned to each WARP device from the100.96.0.0/12 range. You can view the CGNAT IP for a device inMy Team >Devices >Virtual IPv4/IPv6.

The percentage of issued challenges that were solved.

CIDR stands for Classless Inter-Domain Routing. CIDR often refers to CIDR notation, which is an IP address represented as a series of four 8-bit octets, separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1). Additionally, CIDR notation includes a suffix that indicates the number of bits used for the network portion of the address. The format is typically written as "/X," where X is the number of bits in the network portion.

A set of encryption algorithms for establishing a secure communications connection. There are several cipher suites in wide use, and a client and server agree on the cipher suite to use when establishing the TLS connection. Support of multiple cipher suites allows compatibility across various clients.

A network of remote servers used to store and maintain data.

Cloudflare Access replaces corporate VPNs with Cloudflare's network. It verifies attributes such as identity and device posture to grant users secure access to internal tools.

Cloudflare Browser Isolation seamlessly executes active webpage content in a secure isolated browser to protect users from zero-day attacks, malware, and phishing.

Cloudflare CASB provides comprehensive visibility and control over SaaS apps to prevent data leaks and compliance violations. It helps detect insider threats, shadow IT, risky data sharing, and bad actors.

Cloudflare Dashboard is a web-based interface that allows users to manage Workers AI services, including model deployment and monitoring.

CloudflareData Loss Prevention (DLP) allows you to scan your web traffic and SaaS applications for the presence of sensitive data such as social security numbers, financial information, secret keys, and source code.

Cloudflare Digital Experience Monitoring (DEX) provides visibility into device, network, and application performance across your Zero Trust organization.

Cloudflare Gateway is a modern next-generation firewall between your user, device, or network and the public Internet. It includes DNS filtering to inspect and apply policies to all Internet-bound DNS queries.

The name of the Cloudflare WARP client app on iOS and Android devices.

Cloudflare Tunnel uses software agents (cloudflared or WARP Connector) to establish a secure connection between a private network and Cloudflare.

Cloudflare Zero Trust provides the power of Cloudflare's global network to your internal teams and infrastructure. It empowers users with secure, fast, and seamless access to any device on the Internet.

The software powering Cloudflare Tunnel. It runs on origin servers to connect applications or private networks to Cloudflare.

An additional instance ofcloudflared that points to the same Cloudflare Tunnel. It ensures that your network remains online in case a single host runningcloudflared goes down.

A code example illustrates how to use a programming element to implement specific functionality

The process of reducing the size of files or data to speed up their transfer over the network.

A consumer is the term for a client that is subscribing to or consuming messages from a queue.

A geographically distributed group of servers which work together to provide fast delivery of Internet content.

A content object is any binary part of a request body (as detected by Cloudflare systems) that does not match any of the following content types:text/html,text/x-shellscript,application/json,text/csv, ortext/xml.

An added layer of security that helps detect and mitigate certain types of attacks such as cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.

In generative AI, the context window is the sum of the number of input, reasoning, and completion or response tokens a model supports. You can find the context window limit on eachmodel page.

Core web vitals are a set of user-centric performance metrics, including Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS), and First Input Delay (FID), used by Google to assess the overall user experience of a webpage.

CPU time is the amount of time the central processing unit (CPU) actually spends doing work, during a given request.

Credential stuffing is the automated injection of stolen username and password pairs (known as "credentials") into website login forms, trying to gain access to user accounts.

An amount applied to a specific Cloudflare account as credit for recurring subscriptions or plan payments. The Cloudflare billing system automatically applies credits in the next billing cycle.

Cron Triggers allow users to map a cron expression to a Worker using ascheduled() handler that enables Workers to be executed on a schedule.

Cumulative layout shift (CLS) is a web performance metric that quantifies the visual stability of a webpage by measuring the sum of unexpected layout shifts of elements during the page's loading and rendering process.

D1 is Cloudflare's managed, serverless database with SQLite's SQL semantics, built-in disaster recovery, and Worker and HTTP API access.

D1 is Cloudflare's native serverless database.

A program that performs tasks without active management or maintenance.

A physical location where servers run and other IT operations are hosted.

A data packet is a unit of data consisting of user and control information. Information in a network is broken down into packets, that might follow different paths to their final destination.

The process of identifying and resolving errors or issues within software applications or systems, often facilitated by analyzing log data.

A demo application is a functional application in GitHub that you can clone and deploy on your own.

A DoS attack is a type of cyber attack in which an attacker aims to render a computer or other device unavailable to its intended users by interrupting the device's normal functioning.

Deployments track the version(s) of your Worker that are actively serving traffic.

Deprecation in software development involves officially labeling a feature as outdated. While a deprecated software feature remains within the software, users are warned and encouraged to adopt alternatives. Eventually, deprecated features may be removed. This approach ensures backward compatibility and gives programmers time to update their code.

Static rules that are used to detect predictable bot behavior with no overlap with human traffic.

A way to evaluate the security of a user's device, for example by verifying its serial number or checking if it has the latest software updates.

A collection of WARP client settings applied to a specific set of devices in your organization.

Represents Area 1's evaluation of a specific message. For example, after evaluating an email it may get a disposition ofmalicious. Email messages with this disposition exhibit characteristics typical of malicious emails.

A DDoS attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt normal traffic of a targeted server, service, or network by overwhelming the target or its surrounding infrastructure with a flood of Internet traffic.

DNS filtering uses the Domain Name System to block malicious websites and filter out harmful content, enhancing security and access control.

DNS locations are a collection of DNS endpoints which can be mapped to physical entities such as offices, homes, or data centers.

DNS over HTTPS (DoH) is a standard for encrypting DNS traffic via the HTTPS protocol, preventing tracking and spoofing of DNS queries.

DNS over TLS (DoT) is a standard for encrypting DNS traffic using its own port (853) and TLS encryption.

DNS records are instructions that live in authoritative DNS servers and provide information about a domain, including what IP address is associated with that domain and how to handle requests for that domain.

DNS servers translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses, eliminating the need to remember complex IP addresses.

A portion of the DNS namespace that is managed by a specific organization or administrator.

A unique DoH subdomain for each DNS location in Cloudflare Zero Trust used in WARP client settings.

The domain name of your application on Cloudflare.

Process by which a certificate authority (CA) can verify domain ownership before issuing an SSL/TLS certificate.

The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses.

Downtime is the duration during which a system, service, or equipment is not operational or unavailable for use.

"Durable Execution" is a programming model that allows applications to execute reliably, automatically persist state, retry, and be resistant to errors caused by API, network or even machine/infrastructure failures. Cloudflare Workflows provide a way to build and deploy applications that align with this model.

A Durable Object is an individual instance of a Durable Object class. A Durable Object is globally unique (referenced by ID), provides a global point of coordination for all methods/requests sent to it, and has private, persistent storage that is not shared with other Durable Objects within a namespace.

The JavaScript class that defines the methods (RPC) and handlers (fetch,alarm) as part of your Durable Object, and/or an optionalconstructor. All Durable Objects within a single namespace share the same class definition.

The product name, or the collective noun referring to more than one Durable Object.

Durable Objects is a globally distributed coordination API with strongly consistent storage.

Duration is a measurement of wall-clock time — the total amount of time from the start to end of an invocation of a Worker.

Dynamic content refers to website content that changes based on factors specific to the user such as time of visit, location, and device. News websites or social media are examples of this type of content. For this type of website, content has to be fetched from the origin server every time it is requested.

The SSL/TLS certificates that Cloudflare presents to clients visiting your website or application.

Because ofhow Cloudflare works, there can actually betwo certificates involved in a single request: an edge certificate and an origin certificate.

HTTP response code sent from Cloudflare to the client (end user). The Cloudflare dashboardAnalytics app uses the edge response status code.

A server located at the edge of a network, typically within a CDN, that serves content to end-users.

ECS is a DNS extension that enables recursive DNS resolvers to include client IP address information in their DNS queries.

Not all resolvers use ECS but, if they do, usually a part of the IP address is omitted. Sending ECS headers is generally intended to reduce latency and speed up content delivery in connection toCDNs andload balancers. The ECS mechanism is specified inRFC 7871.

An encryption algorithm is a set of mathematical operations performed on data to ensure the data is only understood by the intended recipient.

Any service or hardware that intercepts and processes incoming public or private traffic.

Examples of endpoints include origins, hostnames, private or public IP addresses, virtual IP addresses (VIPs), servers, and other dedicated hardware boxes.

Environments allow you to deploy the same Worker application with different configuration for each environment. Only available for use with aWrangler configuration file.

Environment variables are a type of binding that allow you to attach text strings or JSON values to your Worker.

Environment Variables are dynamic values that can be used within Workers to manage configuration settings, including those related to AI integrations.

A technique that uses hashes calculated from packet data to determine the route chosen.

An error page is a webpage shown to users when they try to access a specific webpage or resource that is unavailable due to a server error, broken link, or other issues. It typically includes details about the encountered error and offers potential solutions or guidance to help users navigate the problem.

An occurrence or happening that is significant and worthy of being recorded in a log.

The event that triggered the Workflow instance. AWorkflowEvent may contain optional parameters (data) that a Workflow can operate on.

Hello, world! You can useMarkdown features inside of yourtooltips.

EV certificates provide maximum trust to visitors, but require the most validation effort by the CA. EV certificates show the name of the company or organization in the address bar of the visitor’s browser. An EV certificate requires additional documentation by the company or organization in order for the CA to approve the certificate.

A feature is a setting in the Cloudflare dashboard that corresponds to functionality within a Cloudflare product or API.

Fine-Tuning is a general term for modifying an AI model by continuing to train it with additional data.

A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls network traffic based on a set of security rules.

Also known as cloud firewall. A security product that is hosted in the cloud.

First contentful paint (FCP) is a web performance metric that measures the time it takes for the first piece of content to be rendered on the screen during the loading of a web page.

First input delay (FID) is a web performance metric that measures the delay between a user's first interaction with a page (for example, clicking a button) and the moment the browser responds, indicating the page's interactivity and responsiveness.

A fleet is a collection of user devices. All devices in a fleet have WARP installed and are connected to aCloudflare Zero Trust organization.

Represents records of communication between devices. There are a number of flow data protocols, such as NetFlow or sFlow.

A standard network protocol used for transferring files from one host to another over a TCP-based network.

An extension of FTP that adds support for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) cryptographic protocols.

Function Calling enables people to take Large Language Models (LLMs) and use the model response to execute functions or interact with external APIs.

Stands for generic routing encapsulation. It is a protocol wrapping one data packet within another type of data packet. This is useful for enabling protocols that are not normally supported by a network.

Handlers are methods on Workers that can receive and process external inputs, and can be invoked from outside your Worker.

Requests issued by a monitor at regular interval and — depending on the monitor settings — return apass orfail value to make sure an endpoint is still able to receive traffic.

Each health monitor request is trying to answer two questions:

1. Is the endpoint offline?: Does the endpoint respond to the health monitor request at all? If so, does it respond quickly enough (as specified in the monitor'sTimeout field)?
2. Is the endpoint working as expected?: Does the endpoint respond with the expected HTTP response codes? Does it include specific information in the response body?

If the answer to either of these questions is "No", then the endpoint fails the health monitor request.

Hops refer to the stops an email makes as it travels from the sender to the recipient.

The name given to a server or node on a network, often the public DNS name of a server.

An HTTP request is the way Internet communications platforms such as web browsers ask for the information they need to load a website.

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used by network devices to send error messages and other operational information. ICMP is useful for diagnostic purposes, for example.

An identity provider (IdP) stores and manages users' digital identities, enabling single sign-on and authentication for multiple applications.

When a TCP connection is in an idle state, it means that the connection has been established, but neither endpoint is sending any data. In the context of HTTP, an idle connection is when an established connection between a client and a server is not currently transmitting any HTTP requests or responses.

An iFrame, short for Inline Frame, is an HTML element used to embed and display external content within a webpage, allowing the incorporation of another document or web page seamlessly within the main document.

Inference refers to the process of using a trained machine learning model to make predictions or generate outputs based on new data.

While a storage operation is executing, no events shall be delivered to a Durable Object except for storage completion events. Any other events will be deferred until such a time as the object is no longer executing JavaScript code and is no longer waiting for any storage operations. We say that these events are waiting for the "input gate" to open.

See "Durable Object".

A specific instance (running, paused, errored) of a Workflow. A Workflow can have a potentially infinite number of instances.

Interaction to next paint (INP) is a web performance metric that measures the time it takes for a web page to become interactive and respond to user input after the initial paint, providing insights into the user experience during the interaction phase of page loading.

For security purposes, CAs issue intermediate certificates for signing website certificates. Intermediate certificates provide a means for the CA to revoke a single intermediate certificate, thus affecting only a small subset of website certificates.

The Internet is a global system of computer networks that provides a wide range of information and communication facilities.

The protocol Cloudflare uses to create the IPsec tunnel between Magic WAN and the customer's device.

A globally distributed database of routing information which contains announced routes and routing policies in a common format. Network operators use this information to configure backbone routers.

IP stands for Internet Protocol, which is the set of rules that makes it possible for devices to communicate over the Internet. With billions of people accessing the Internet every day, unique identifiers are necessary to keep track of who is doing what. The Internet Protocol solves this by assigning IP numbers to every device accessing the Internet. Every assigned number is an IP address.

IP spoofing is the creation of Internet Protocol (IP) packets which have a modified source address to hide the identity of the sender, impersonate another computer system, or both.

Stands for Internet Protocol secure. It is a group of protocols for securing connections between devices, by encrypting IP packets.

Isolates are lightweight contexts that provide your code with variables it can access and a safe environment to be executed within.

JA3 and JA4 fingerprints profile specific SSL/TLS clients across different destination IPs, Ports, and X509 certificates.

A compact way to securely transmit information between parties as a JSON object, often used for authentication.

A common authentication and authorization method used in web applications and APIs.

JSON-friendly refers to data or formats that are easily and naturally represented in JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), a lightweight data interchange format, without requiring complex transformations or modifications.

Workers KV is Cloudflare's key-value data storage.

API methods part of Storage API that support persisting key-value data.

A KV namespace is a key-value database replicated to Cloudflare’s global network. A KV namespace must require a binding and an id.

Largest contentful paint (LCP) is a web performance metric that measures the time it takes for the largest content element to be fully rendered and visible to the user during the loading of a web page.

The delay between a user action and the corresponding response from the system.

The network layer in the OSI model, responsible for logical addressing, routing, and forwarding of data between devices on different networks.

The transport layer in the OSI model, managing end-to-end communication, error-checking, and flow control.

Loading images or other resources only when they are about to be displayed, rather than loading everything at once.

Leaked credentials refers to sensitive authentication information disclosed in some way (for example, due to misconfigurations, data breaches, or simple human error), allowing other parties to gain access to digital resources.

Credentials may include usernames, passwords, API keys, authentication tokens, or private keys.

Legitimate traffic refers to authorized and permissible network activity, data transmissions, or communications that adhere to established norms and rules within a given system or network.

Sometimes referred to as a Letter of Authorization. A document that authorizes Cloudflare to advertise your prefixes. This is required so transit providers can accept the routes Cloudflare advertises on your behalf.

A Cloudflare Tunnel that was created by runningcloudflared tunnel create <NAME> on the command line. Tunnel configuration is stored in your localcloudflared directory.

A chronological record of events, actions, or transactions, typically used for tracking and troubleshooting purposes.

A file containing a collection of log entries, usually stored in a structured or semi-structured format.

The process of recording events, actions, or transactions in a log.

LoRA Adapters (Low-Rank Adaptation adapters) are used in machine learning to fine-tune models efficiently by adjusting a small number of parameters, allowing for customization of AI models in Workers AI.Public LoRA Adapters are pre-trained Low-Rank Adaptation adapters available for public use.

A network location, such as an office, that is associated with a specific WARP client device profile.

MSS limits the size of packets, or small chunks of data, that travel across a network, such as the Internet.

In generative AI, the user-defined propertymax_tokens defines the maximum number of tokens at which the model should stop responding. This limit cannot exceed the context window.

A Mobile Device Management (MDM) file is a configuration file that allows organizations to manage the software, settings, and certificates installed on their devices.

A member or user is an email account in Cloudflare that you can grant access to your organization account. Members belonging to multiple accounts can select which account to manage via the Cloudflare dashboard.

The entity who facilitates "buying and selling". For pay per crawl, Cloudflare is the merchant of record.

A metadata is a serializable value you append to each KV entry.

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) checks multiple aspects of a user's identity, not only their username and password, before allowing them access to an application.

A Durable Object migration is a mapping process from a class name to a runtime state.Initiate a Durable Object migration when you need to:

• Create a new Durable Object class.
• Rename a Durable Object class.
• Delete a Durable Object class.
• Transfer an existing Durable Objects class.

The process of removing unnecessary characters from code (such as whitespace or comments) to reduce file size and improve loading times.

A request to which Cloudflare applied a terminating action such as block or challenge.

Model Catalog is a curated collection of AI models available within Workers AI, providing developers with a variety of pre-trained models for different tasks.

Refers to a Worker written inmodule syntax.

A monitor issues health monitor requests at regular intervals to evaluate the health of each endpoint within apool.

When a poolbecomes unhealthy, your load balancer takes that pool out of the endpoint rotation.

A lightweight, publish-subscribe messaging protocol often used for communication in the Internet of Things (IoT) and other resource-constrained scenarios.

MTLS is a common security practice that uses TLS certificates to ensure that traffic between a client and server is secure and trusted in both directions.

A nameserver is a dedicated server that translates human readable hostnames (www.example.com) into IP addresses.

Nameservers like root servers, TLD servers, andauthoritative nameservers are fundamental components of the Domain Name System (DNS).

A container for a collection of Durable Objects that all share the same Durable Object (class) definition. A single namespace can have (tens of) millions of Durable Objects. Metrics are scoped per namespace.

Network protocol developed by Cisco to collect and monitor network traffic flow data.

Non-browser traffic refers to data exchanges and communication occurring between devices or systems that do not involve web browsers, such as a mobile app or web apps.

A protocol for authorizing users, allowing them to perform actions and view data on different platforms without sharing credentials.

OpenID Connect (OIDC) is an identity authentication protocol built on top of OAuth 2.0. It is used verifying user identity and obtaining basic profile information.

Refers to a way of connecting a business network to Cloudflare. Examples of on-ramps, or ways to connect to Cloudflare, are Anycast GRE tunnels, Anycast IPsec tunnels, Cloudflare Network Interconnect (CNI), Cloudflare Tunnel, and WARP.

OV certificates are used by corporations or governments to portray an extra layer of confidence for their visitors. Rather than just validating domain ownership, the CA also validates the company’s registration using qualified independent information sources. The organization’s name is listed in the certificate.

Origin generally refers to the web server behind Cloudflare where your application is hosted.

The amount of data transferred from the origin server to Cloudflare within a certain period of time. Origin bandwidth is the sum of allEdgeResponseBytes whereOriginResponseStatus does not equal0.

A Cloudflare Origin Certificate is a free SSL/TLS certificate issued by Cloudflare that can be installed on your origin server to facilitate making sure your data is encrypted in transit from Cloudflare to your origin server using HTTPS.

An origin request is a request served from the origin server.

An origin response status code is an HTTP response code sent from the origin server to Cloudflare.

The original server where the web content is hosted before it is distributed to edge servers in a CDN.

The server where the website content is hosted.

A conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers.

When a storage write operation is in progress, any new outgoing network messages will be held back until the write has completed. We say that these messages are waiting for the "output gate" to open. If the write ultimately fails, the outgoing network messages will be discarded and replaced with errors, while the Durable Object will be shut down and restarted from scratch.

A file containing a JavaScript function which can instruct a browser to forward traffic to a proxy server instead of directly to the destination server.

The time it takes for a web page to fully load in a user's browser.

Cloudflare Pages is Cloudflare's product offering for building and deploying full-stack applications.

Classifies rules of the OWASP managed ruleset according to their aggressiveness.

Also known as CNAME setup, a partial setup allows you to use Cloudflare's reverse proxy without using Cloudflare for your authoritative nameservers.

The practice of trying to acquire sensitive data through fraudulent emails or other means. Usually, the perpetrators try to pass for a legitimate company when asking for sensitive data.

Plans distinguish the breadth of Cloudflare features accessible to a specific domain. Plan options includeFree, Pro, Business, or Enterprise.

A set of rules that regulate network activity, such as login access and website reachability.

Policy-based routing (PBR) is a technique used to make routing decisions based on policies set by your administrador.

Within Cloudflare, pools represent your endpoints and how they are organized. As such, a pool can be a group of several endpoints, or you could also have only one endpoint (an origin server, for example) per pool.

If you are familiar with DNS terminology, think of a pool as a “record set,” except Cloudflare only returns addresses that are considered healthy. You can attach health monitors to individual pools for customized monitoring.

A number that identifies the network portion of an IP address. It tells devices if an IP address is on the same network or not. It is shown as a number after a slash (for example,/31) at the end of the IP address.

Using an analogy, the prefix is like a street address. If an IP is in the same street, it belongs to the same network of devices.

Primary and secondary indicates the order in which Custom SSL certificates were uploaded to Cloudflare. The primary certificate is the first certificate added to a pack. The primary certificate defines the hostnames covered by the certificate.

The primary database instance is the original instance of a database. This database instance only exists in one location in the world.

A producer is the term for a client that is publishing or producing messages on to a queue.

Prompt Engineering is the practice of designing and refining input prompts to effectively elicit desired responses from AI models.

Prompt Templates are predefined structures that guide the input provided to AI models, enhancing consistency and effectiveness in responses.

A protocol is a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

A protocol used by network proxies to convey client connection information to the destination server, facilitating proper handling of client requests.

A proxy read timeout is the maximum amount of time a proxy server waits for a response from the origin server before terminating the connection.

The server that sits between the origin server and the client. Cloudflare is a proxy server for example.

The proxy status of a DNS record defines whether requests for your domain will route through Cloudflare (proxied) or not (DNS-only).

When aDNS record is proxied, requests are processed according to your configurations, and Cloudflare can optimize, cache, and protect your domain. Refer toHow Cloudflare works for details.

A proxy write timeout is the maximum amount of time a proxy server allows for sending data to the client before terminating the connection.

SSL public and private keys are essentially long strings of characters used for encrypting and decrypting data. Data encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the private key, and vice versa. Private keys are kept secret and unshared.

The process of removing outdated content from the cache to make room for updated content and ensure the delivery of the latest content.

A component in a database management system which takes a user query and generates the most efficient plan of executing that query (the query plan). For example, the query planner decides which indices to use, or which table to access first.

A queue is a buffer or list that automatically scales as messages are written to it, and allows a consumer Worker to pull messages from that same queue.

Queues integrates with Cloudflare Workers and enables you to build applications that can guarantee delivery.

R2 is an S3-compatible distributed object storage designed to eliminate the obstacles of sharing data across clouds.

Rate limiting is a technique used in computer systems to control the rate at which requests are processed. It can be used as a security measure to prevent attacks, or to limit resource usage in your origin servers.

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) allows remote desktop connections to a computer, often used on Windows and Mac operating systems.

A read replica is an eventually-replicated copy of the primary database instance which only serve read requests. There may be multiple read replicas for a single primary database instance.

Real user monitoring (RUM) is a web performance monitoring technique that collects and analyzes data based on actual user interactions and experiences, providing insights into how users interact with a website or application in real-time.

URL redirects navigate the user from a source URL to a target URL using a given HTTP status code. URL redirection is also known as URL forwarding.

A reference architecture provides a high-level view of how all or part of the Cloudflare platform is built and how Cloudflare products would fit into a customer's existing infrastructure.

A Cloudflare Tunnel that was created in Zero Trust underNetworks >Tunnels. Tunnel configuration is stored in Cloudflare, which allows you to manage the tunnel from the dashboard or using the API.

The time it takes for a browser to display a fully rendered web page after receiving the necessary resources.

The time it takes for the primary database instance to replicate its changes to a specific read replica.

A request is a message that is sent between a client, or web browser, to a server. Each request that has been processed through the Cloudflare network generates a record.

A cryptographic method of signing records that associate a route with an originating autonomous system number.

REST API is an application programming interface that allows developers to interact with Workers AI services over HTTP, enabling model management and inference requests.

A server that handles requests on behalf of clients, forwarding them to backend servers and managing tasks like load balancing and security.

A text file which lists pages in your website that are off-limits for bots. Well-behaved bots respect this file, but some bots may violate it. You can enforcerobots.txt with Cloudflare WAF custom rules.

Authorize which Cloudflare products and features a member is allowed to access in a Cloudflare account. Learn more aboutroles.

Rollbacks are a way to deploy an older deployment to the Cloudflare global network.

A root certificate is generated by a CA and is used to sign certificates. Every browser includes a root store of trusted root certificates. Any certificate signed with the private key of a root certificate is automatically trusted by a browser.

The RPKI-signed object that states an autonomous system is authorized to originate a particular IP address prefix or set of prefixes.

A set of Access rules that can be configured once and then quickly applied across many Access policies.

SafeSearch is a feature of search engines that filters explicit or offensive content from search results.

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) enables single sign-on and authentication for multiple applications.

In the context of Magic Network Monitoring, sampling is the process of taking samples of packets for a specific period to identify potential attacks.

Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) is a cloud-based security model bundling networking and security functions.

The percentage of bandwidth saved by caching on the Cloudflare network.

System for Cross-domain Identity Management (SCIM) is an open standard protocol that allows identity providers (such as Okta or Microsoft Entra ID) to synchronize user identity information with cloud applications and services.

SEO, or search engine optimization, is the practice of optimizing online content to improve its visibility and ranking in search engine results, thereby increasing organic traffic and relevance.

A unique user authenticating to an Access application or enrolling in WARP,

Secrets are a type of binding that allow you to attach encrypted text values to your Worker.

The secret key allows communication between your application backend and the Cloudflare Turnstile server to validate the widget response.

SSL was a widely used cryptographic protocol for providing data security for Internet communications. SSL was superseded by TLS; however, most people still refer to Internet cryptographic protocols as SSL.

SEO crawlers, or web crawlers, are automated programs employed by search engines to systematically browse and index web content, gathering information about the structure and relevance of pages to determine search result rankings.

SNI allows a server to host multiple TLS Certificates for multiple websites using a single IP address. SNI adds the website hostname in the TLS handshake to inform the server which website to present when using shared IPs.

Cloudflare uses SNI for all Universal SSL certificates.

The time it takes for a server to respond to a request from a user's browser.

Serverless GPUs are graphics processing units provided by Cloudflare in a serverless environment, enabling scalable and efficient execution of machine learning models without the need for managing underlying hardware.

An SLA is a contractual obligation for Cloudflare to maintain a specific level of service. Read theService Level Agreement (SLA) for the Cloudflare Business plan. Enterprise customers refer to the Enterprise SLA provided with their contract.

A service provider (SP) provides federated access to an application for a user from an identity provider (IdP).

Authentication credentials generated by Cloudflare Access which enable automated systems to access protected applications.

Refers to a Worker written inservice workersyntax.

An event generated when a user logs in to an Access application.

A session encapsulates all the queries from one logical session for your application. For example, a session may correspond to all queries coming from a particular web browser session.

A session identifier is a unique number that a website assigns to identify a specific user for the duration of their visit.

Set-Cookie is an HTTP header used by web servers to send a cookie to a user's browser during an HTTP response, enabling the server to store information on the client side, often used for session management and user preferences.

An industry standard packet sampling protocol to monitor network devices.

A secure file transfer protocol that uses the Secure Socket Shell (SSH) protocol for encryption and authentication.

Shadow IT is the unsanctioned use of software, hardware, or other systems and services within an organization, often without the knowledge of that organization's information technology (IT) department.

For more information, refer to theCloudflare Learning Center.

A Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) solution collects, analyzes, and correlates data to help manage security incidents, detect anomalies, and meet compliance requirements.

The sitekey is used to invoke Turnstile on your site.

Secure Messaging Block (SMB) is a network file sharing protocol used for accessing files and services on a network.

Stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is an Internet standard based on TCP/IP to send and receive email.

A server responsible for sending, receiving, and relaying email messages over a network, following the SMTP protocol.

Any request that a Snippet makes to either Internet resources using the Fetch API or requests to other Cloudflare services.

The source endpoint is the endpoint managed by API Shield in Endpoint Management by its routing feature.

Speed index is a web performance metric that quantifies how quickly a user perceives a webpage to load by measuring the visual progression of content rendering over time, providing a comprehensive assessment of the overall user experience during page loading.

API methods part of Storage API that support SQL querying.

Secure Shell (SSH) protocol allows users to connect to infrastructure remotely and execute commands.

Single Sign-On (SSO) is a technology that combines multiple application logins into one, requiring users to enter credentials only once.

Static content, like images, stylesheets, and JavaScript, remains the same for all users. It can be directly served from the cache without fetching from the origin server because it does not change without manual intervention.

A fixed configuration to route traffic through Anycast tunnels from Cloudflare global network to the customer's locations.

A step is self-contained, individually retriable component of a Workflow. Steps may emit (optional) state that allows a Workflow to persist and continue from that step, even if a Workflow fails due to a network or infrastructure issue. A Workflow can have one or more steps up to thestep limit.

The transactional and strongly consistent (serializable)Storage API for persisting data within each Durable Object. State stored within a unique Durable Object is "private" to that Durable Object, and not accessible from other Durable Objects.

Storage API includes key-value (KV) API, SQL API, and point-in-time-recovery (PITR) API.

• Durable Object classes with the key-value storage backend can use KV API.
• Durable Object classes with the SQLite storage backend can use KV API, SQL API, and PITR API.

By default, a Durable Object class can use Storage API that leverages a key-value storage backend. New Durable Object classes can opt-in to using aSQLite storage backend.

An object that refers to a unique Durable Object within a namespace and allows you to call into that Durable Object via RPC methods or thefetch API. For example,let stub = env.MY_DURABLE_OBJECT.get(id)

The SAN field of an SSL certificate specifies additional hostnames (sites, IP addresses, common names, subdomains, apex domains, etc.) protected by a single SSL Certificate.

Also known as subnetwork. It refers to a network that is part of another network.

A subrequest is any request that a Worker makes to either Internet resources using theFetch API or requests to other Cloudflare services likeR2,KV, orD1.

The initial step in establishing a TCP connection, where a device requests a connection with another by sending a SYN packet.

The second step in the TCP three-way handshake, where the server responds to a SYN request with a SYN-ACK packet.

A synthetic test is an artificial simulation of user interactions and system behaviors designed to evaluate and measure the performance, responsiveness, and functionality of a website or application under controlled conditions.

ATail Worker receives information about the execution of other Workers (known as producer Workers), such as HTTP statuses, data passed toconsole.log() or uncaught exceptions.

A resource with an IP address or hostname that is reachable by Cloudflare, such as a server or web application.

The target endpoint is the ultimate destination that a request is sent to by API Shield's routing feature.

A label used to identify a set of targets in an Access for Infrastructure application.

A connection-oriented protocol in the transport layer of the Internet Protocol Suite, providing reliable and ordered delivery of data between devices.

TCP Fast Open (TFO) is a protocol extension that can significantly improve the speed of establishing TCP connections by allowing data to be sent in the initial SYN packet, rather than requiring a separate handshake before data transmission begins.

A TCP keep-alive is used to maintain a connection between two endpoints by sending packets to check if the connection is still active. This helps prevent idle connections from being prematurely closed. If a response is not received after a defined period, the connection is terminated.

A TCP Reset (RST) packet is used by a TCP sender to close a connection.

TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish a reliable connection (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) over an IP based connection. SYN is short for synchronize, and ACK is short for acknowledgement.

A unique subdomain assigned to your Cloudflare account (for example,<your-team-name>.cloudflareaccess.com), where users will find the apps you have secured behind Cloudflare Zero Trust.

The customizable portion of your team domain, allowing you to personalize your Cloudflare Zero Trust configuration. You can view your team name in Zero Trust underSettings >Custom Pages.

To learn about the consequences of changing your team name, refer to theFAQ.

An infrastructure as code software tool that allows you to deploy services from different providers using a standardized configuration syntax.

The threat score was a score from0 (zero risk) to100 (high risk) classifying the IP reputation of a visitor. Currently, the threat score is always0 (zero).

Time to first byte (TTFB) is the duration measured from the initiation of a web page request to the moment the first byte of data is received by the user's browser from the web server, indicating the server's initial response time.

Time to interactive (TTI) is a web performance metric that measures the time it takes for a web page to become fully interactive and responsive to user input, indicating when users can effectively engage with and use the page.

The duration for which a cached copy of a resource is considered valid before it needs to be refreshed or revalidated.

A data field indicating the date and time when an event occurred, often used for sequencing and analysis.

TLS is a cryptographic protocol that ensures data security over a computer network, such as the Internet. It encrypts the data that is transmitted between a user's computer and a web server.

Total bandwidth is the amount of data transferred from Cloudflare to end users within a certain period of time. Total bandwidth equals the sum of allEdgeResponseBytes for a certain period of time.

Total blocking time (TBT) is a web performance metric that measures the total amount of time between First Contentful Paint (FCP) and Time to Interactive (TTI) where the main thread was blocked for long enough to prevent input responsiveness.

Traffic is the data sent and received by visitors to a website. Cloudflare serves and protects this data as it passes through the Cloudflare network.

The process of controlling and optimizing the flow of network data to ensure efficient and reliable communication.

Cloudflare evaluates your route's health and steers traffic according to priorities defined by you and / or tunnel health.

A secure pathway for network traffic to flow between a device and Cloudflare's global network.

A probe sent by Cloudflare to check for tunnel health. If a tunnel is not considered healthy, Cloudflare reroutes traffic to one that is considered healthy.

A tutorial is a practical lesson that takes you from a clear starting to ending point.

The goal is to connect products to real-world scenarios to meet a user’s goal.

Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a security process in which a user provides two different authentication factors to verify their identity. In addition to something you know, typically your password, 2FA adds an extra layer of security to user logins by requiring users to also present something they have, such as Yubikey or a one-time login code, or something you are, such as a fingerprint.

It adds an extra layer of security to user logins by requiring users to present two or more separate pieces of evidence (factors) that establish their identity.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless transport layer protocol that provides fast and lightweight data transmission between devices on a network, prioritizing speed over reliability.

Uncached bandwidth is the amount of bandwidth that is not cached and therefore is served from the origin. Uncached bandwidth is the sum of allEdgeResponseBytes whereCacheCacheStatus does not equalhit,stale,updating,ignored, orrevalidated.

Uncached requests are requests that are not cached and therefore are served from the origin server. Uncached requests are the sum of all requests whereCacheCacheStatus does not equal tohit,stale,updating, orignored.

A security feature that can prevent spoofing attacks.

By default, Cloudflare issues — andrenews — free, unshared, publicly trusted SSL certificates to all domainsadded to andactivated on Cloudflare.

The process of modifying the URLs of incoming requests so that they conform to a consistent formatting standard.

An operation performed by a server that converts a source URL into a target URL.

Cloudflare Zero Trust user risk score ranks the likelihood of a user to introduce risk to your organization's systems and data based on the detection of security risk behaviors. Risk scores add user and entity behavior analytics (UEBA) to the Zero Trust platform.

Cloudflare Zero Trust assigns a risk score of Low, Medium or High based on detections of users' activities, posture, and settings. A user's risk score is equal to the highest-level risk behavior they trigger.

Chrome V8 is aJavaScript engine, which means that itexecutes JavaScript code.

The level to which a certificate authority validates domain ownership before issuing an SSL/TLS certificate.

The different certificate validation levels are DV (Domain Validated), OV (Organization Validated), or EV (Extended Validation).

Bots that are transparent about who they are and what they do.

Aversion is defined by the state of code as well as the state of configuration in a Worker's Wrangler file.

A software abstraction that allows you to logically segregate resources on a private network. Virtual networks are especially useful for exposing resources which have overlapping IP routes.

A secure, isolated private network hosted on public cloud infrastructure. Examples of public cloud providers include Google Cloud, AWS, and Microsoft Azure.

A tool that allows users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their devices were directly connected to the private network. For example, employees working from home can use a VPN to access files on the corporate network.

A virtual waiting room is an online system or feature that manages and controls access to a website or service during periods of high traffic, preventing server overload by placing users in a queue until they can be accommodated, ensuring a more equitable and efficient user experience.

Wall-clock time is the total amount of time from the start to end of an invocation of a Worker.

Stands for Wide Area Network. It refers to a computer network that connects groups of computers over large distances. WANs are often used by businesses to connect their office networks. The objective is to make each of the local area networks (LANs) be remotely connected and accessible.

An application that connects corporate devices to Cloudflare for private network access, advanced web filtering, and other security functions.

An extension of the WARP client used to establish site-to-site, bidirectional, and mesh networking connectivity. WARP Connector software installs on a Linux server within a private network, which then becomes a gateway for other local networks that need to on-ramp traffic to Cloudflare.

A website is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server.

Worker Bindings are configurations that connect Workers scripts to external resources, such as AI models, enabling seamless integration and functionality.

workerd is a JavaScript / Wasm server runtime based on the same code that powers Cloudflare Workers.

Workers AI is a Cloudflare service that enables running machine learning models on Cloudflare's global network, utilizing serverless GPUs. It allows developers to integrate AI capabilities into their applications using Workers, Pages, or via the REST API.

Workers KVis a data storage that allows you to store and retrieve data globally.

The named Workflow definition, associated with a single Workers script.

Wrangler is the Cloudflare Developer Platform command-line interface (CLI) that allows you to manage projects, such as Workers, created from the Cloudflare Developer Platform product offering.

Wrangler CLI is a command-line tool for building and deploying Cloudflare Workers, facilitating the integration of AI models into applications.

Theconfiguration used to customize the development and deployment setup for a Worker or a Pages Function.

Zero Trust Security is an IT security model that requires strict identity verification for every person and device accessing resources on a network.

A zone is a portion of DNS namespace that is managed by a specific organization or administrator.

Zone apex refers to the domain or subdomain on which the control of DNS records starts.