<mmultiscripts>

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since January 2023.

The<mmultiscripts>MathML element is used to attach an arbitrary number of subscripts and superscripts to an expression at once, generalizing the<msubsup> element. Scripts can be either pre-scripts (placedbefore the expression) or post-scripts (placedafter it).

MathML uses the syntax below, that is a base expression, followed by an arbitrary number of post-subscript and post-superscript pairs (attached in the given order) optionally followed by an<mprescripts> element and an arbitrary number of pre-subscript and pre-superscript pairs (attached in the given order). In addition, empty<mrow> elements can be used to represent absent scripts.

html

<mmultiscripts>  base  post-sub-script-1 post-sup-script-1  post-sub-script-2 post-sup-script-2  post-sub-script-3 post-sup-script-3  ...  post-sub-script-N post-sup-script-N  <mprescripts />                    ⎫  pre-sub-script-1 pre-sup-script-1  ⎪  pre-sub-script-2 pre-sup-script-2  ⎬ Optional  pre-sub-script-3 pre-sup-script-3  ⎪  ...                                ⎪  pre-sub-script-M pre-sup-script-N  ⎭</mmultiscripts>

Attributes

This element's attributes include theglobal MathML attributes as well as the following deprecated attributes:

subscriptshiftDeprecated Non-standard: A<length-percentage> indicating the minimum amount to shift the baseline of the subscript down.
superscriptshiftDeprecated Non-standard: A<length-percentage> indicating the minimum amount to shift the baseline of the superscript up.

Note:For thesubscriptshift andsuperscriptshift attributes, some browsers may also acceptlegacy MathML lengths.

Examples

Using`<mprescripts>`

Children after the<mprescripts> element are placed as pre-scripts (before the base expression):

html,body {  height: 100%;}body {  display: grid;  place-items: center;  font-size: 2rem;}

html

<math display="block">  <mmultiscripts>    <mi>X</mi> <!-- base expression -->    <mi>a</mi> <!-- post-sub-script -->    <mi>b</mi> <!-- post-sup-script -->    <mprescripts />    <mi>c</mi> <!-- pre-sub-script -->    <mi>d</mi> <!-- pre-sup-script -->  </mmultiscripts></math>

Empty scripts

Empty<mrow> elements can be used to represent absent scripts:

html,body {  height: 100%;}body {  display: grid;  place-items: center;  font-size: 2rem;}

html

<math display="block">  <mmultiscripts>    <mi>X</mi>    <!-- base expression -->    <mrow></mrow> <!-- post-sub-script -->    <mi>b</mi>    <!-- post-sup-script -->    <mprescripts />    <mi>c</mi>    <!-- pre-sub-script -->    <mrow></mrow> <!-- pre-sup-script -->  </mmultiscripts></math>

Order of scripts

Here is a more complex example with many scripts, so you can see in which order they are attached to the base:

html,body {  height: 100%;}body {  display: grid;  place-items: center;  font-size: 2rem;}

html

<math display="block">  <mmultiscripts>    <mi>X</mi> <!-- base expression -->    <mn>1</mn> <!-- post-sub-script-1 -->    <mn>2</mn> <!-- post-sup-script-1 -->    <mn>3</mn> <!-- post-sub-script-2 -->    <mn>4</mn> <!-- post-sup-script-2 -->    <mprescripts />    <mn>5</mn> <!-- pre-sub-script-1 -->    <mn>6</mn> <!-- pre-sup-script-1 -->    <mn>7</mn> <!-- pre-sub-script-2 -->    <mn>8</mn> <!-- pre-sup-script-2 -->  </mmultiscripts></math>