Subtraction (-)
Baseline Widely available
This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.
Thesubtraction (-) operator subtracts the two operands, producing their difference.
Try it
console.log(5 - 3);// Expected output: 2console.log(3.5 - 5);// Expected output: -1.5console.log(5 - "hello");// Expected output: NaNconsole.log(5 - true);// Expected output: 4Syntax
x - yDescription
The- operator is overloaded for two types of operands: number andBigInt. It firstcoerces both operands to numeric values and tests the types of them. It performs BigInt subtraction if both operands become BigInts; otherwise, it performs number subtraction. ATypeError is thrown if one operand becomes a BigInt but the other becomes a number.
Examples
Subtraction using numbers
5 - 3; // 23 - 5; // -2Other non-BigInt values are coerced to numbers:
"foo" - 3; // NaN; "foo" is converted to the number NaN5 - "3"; // 2; "3" is converted to the number 3Subtraction using BigInts
2n - 1n; // 1nYou cannot mix BigInt and number operands in subtraction.
2n - 1; // TypeError: Cannot mix BigInt and other types, use explicit conversions2 - 1n; // TypeError: Cannot mix BigInt and other types, use explicit conversionsTo do subtraction with a BigInt and a non-BigInt, convert either operand:
2n - BigInt(1); // 1nNumber(2n) - 1; // 1Specifications
| Specification |
|---|
| ECMAScript® 2026 Language Specification # sec-subtraction-operator-minus |