sin()
Baseline Widely available
This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since March 2023.
Thesin()CSSfunction is a trigonometric function that returns the sine of a number, which is a value between-1 and1. The function contains a single calculation that must resolve to either a<number> or an<angle> by interpreting the result of the argument as radians. That is,sin(45deg),sin(0.125turn), andsin(3.14159 / 4) all represent the same value, approximately0.707.
Try it
transform: translateX(calc(cos(0deg) * 140px)) translateY(calc(sin(0deg) * -140px));transform: translateX(calc(cos(90deg) * 140px)) translateY(calc(sin(90deg) * -140px));transform: translateX(calc(cos(135deg) * 140px)) translateY(calc(sin(135deg) * -140px));transform: translateX(calc(cos(180deg) * 140px)) translateY(calc(sin(180deg) * -140px));transform: translateX(calc(cos(-45deg) * 140px)) translateY(calc(sin(-45deg) * -140px));<div> <span></span></div>:root { --radius: 140px; --dot-size: 10px;}.circle { display: grid; place-content: center; margin: 0 auto; width: calc(var(--radius) * 2); aspect-ratio: 1; border-radius: 50%; border: 2px solid #666666; background-image: radial-gradient(black var(--dot-size), transparent var(--dot-size)), linear-gradient(135deg, blue, deepskyblue, lightgreen, lavender, honeydew);}.dot { display: block; width: var(--dot-size); aspect-ratio: 1; border-radius: 50%; border: 2px solid #666666; background-color: #ff6666; transform: translateX(calc(cos(0deg) * var(--radius))) translateY(calc(sin(0deg) * var(--radius) * -1));}Syntax
/* Single <angle> values */width: calc(100px * sin(45deg));width: calc(100px * sin(0.25turn));width: calc(100px * sin(1.0471967rad));/* Single <number> values */width: calc(100px * sin(63.673));width: calc(100px * sin(2 * 0.125));/* Other values */width: calc(100px * sin(pi / 2));width: calc(100px * sin(e / 4));Parameters
Thesin(angle) function accepts only one value as its parameter.
Return value
The sine of anangle will always return a number between−1 and1.
- If
angleisinfinity,-infinity, orNaN, the result isNaN. - If
angleis0⁻, the result is0⁻.
Formal syntax
<sin()> =
sin(<calc-sum>)
<calc-sum> =
<calc-product>[[ '+'| '-']<calc-product>]*
<calc-product> =
<calc-value>[[ '*'| /]<calc-value>]*
<calc-value> =
<number>|
<dimension>|
<percentage>|
<calc-keyword>|
(<calc-sum>)
<calc-keyword> =
e|
pi|
infinity|
-infinity|
NaN
Examples
Changing box sizes
In this example,sin(30deg) will return0.5, making the box have a50px width and a50px height.
div { background-color: red; width: calc(sin(30deg) * 100px); height: calc(sin(30deg) * 100px);}Controlling animation duration
Another use case is to control theanimation-duration, reducing the duration based on the sine value. In this case, the animation duration will be1s.
div { animation-name: myAnimation; animation-duration: calc(sin(0.25turn) * 1s);}Specifications
| Specification |
|---|
| CSS Values and Units Module Level 4 # trig-funcs |