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MySQL 9.3 Reference Manual

14.1 Built-In Function and Operator Reference

The following table lists each built-in (native) function and operator and provides a short description of each one. For a table listing functions that are loadable at runtime, seeSection 14.2, “Loadable Function Reference”.

Table 14.1 Built-In Functions and Operators

Name	Description	Deprecated
`&`	Bitwise AND
`>`	Greater than operator
`>>`	Right shift
`>=`	Greater than or equal operator
`<`	Less than operator
`<>`,`!=`	Not equal operator
`<<`	Left shift
`<=`	Less than or equal operator
`<=>`	NULL-safe equal to operator
`%`,`MOD`	Modulo operator
`*`	Multiplication operator
`+`	Addition operator
`-`	Minus operator
`-`	Change the sign of the argument
`->`	Return value from JSON column after evaluating path; equivalent to JSON_EXTRACT().
`->>`	Return value from JSON column after evaluating path and unquoting the result; equivalent to JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT()).
`/`	Division operator
`:=`	Assign a value
`=`	Assign a value (as part of a`SET` statement, or as part of the`SET` clause in an`UPDATE` statement)
`=`	Equal operator
`^`	Bitwise XOR
`ABS()`	Return the absolute value
`ACOS()`	Return the arc cosine
`ADDDATE()`	Add time values (intervals) to a date value
`ADDTIME()`	Add time
`AES_DECRYPT()`	Decrypt using AES
`AES_ENCRYPT()`	Encrypt using AES
`AND`,`&&`	Logical AND
`ANY_VALUE()`	Suppress ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY value rejection
`ASCII()`	Return numeric value of left-most character
`ASIN()`	Return the arc sine
`asynchronous_connection_failover_add_managed()`	Add group member source server configuration information to a replication channel source list
`asynchronous_connection_failover_add_source()`	Add source server configuration information server to a replication channel source list
`asynchronous_connection_failover_delete_managed()`	Remove a managed group from a replication channel source list
`asynchronous_connection_failover_delete_source()`	Remove a source server from a replication channel source list
`asynchronous_connection_failover_reset()`	Remove all settings relating to group replication asynchronous failover
`ATAN()`	Return the arc tangent
`ATAN2()`,`ATAN()`	Return the arc tangent of the two arguments
`AVG()`	Return the average value of the argument
`BENCHMARK()`	Repeatedly execute an expression
`BETWEEN ... AND ...`	Whether a value is within a range of values
`BIN()`	Return a string containing binary representation of a number
`BIN_TO_UUID()`	Convert binary UUID to string
`BINARY`	Cast a string to a binary string	Yes
`BIT_AND()`	Return bitwise AND
`BIT_COUNT()`	Return the number of bits that are set
`BIT_LENGTH()`	Return length of argument in bits
`BIT_OR()`	Return bitwise OR
`BIT_XOR()`	Return bitwise XOR
`CAN_ACCESS_COLUMN()`	Internal use only
`CAN_ACCESS_DATABASE()`	Internal use only
`CAN_ACCESS_TABLE()`	Internal use only
`CAN_ACCESS_USER()`	Internal use only
`CAN_ACCESS_VIEW()`	Internal use only
`CASE`	Case operator
`CAST()`	Cast a value as a certain type
`CEIL()`	Return the smallest integer value not less than the argument
`CEILING()`	Return the smallest integer value not less than the argument
`CHAR()`	Return the character for each integer passed
`CHAR_LENGTH()`	Return number of characters in argument
`CHARACTER_LENGTH()`	Synonym for CHAR_LENGTH()
`CHARSET()`	Return the character set of the argument
`COALESCE()`	Return the first non-NULL argument
`COERCIBILITY()`	Return the collation coercibility value of the string argument
`COLLATION()`	Return the collation of the string argument
`COMPRESS()`	Return result as a binary string
`CONCAT()`	Return concatenated string
`CONCAT_WS()`	Return concatenate with separator
`CONNECTION_ID()`	Return the connection ID (thread ID) for the connection
`CONV()`	Convert numbers between different number bases
`CONVERT()`	Cast a value as a certain type
`CONVERT_TZ()`	Convert from one time zone to another
`COS()`	Return the cosine
`COT()`	Return the cotangent
`COUNT()`	Return a count of the number of rows returned
`COUNT(DISTINCT)`	Return the count of a number of different values
`CRC32()`	Compute a cyclic redundancy check value
`CUME_DIST()`	Cumulative distribution value
`CURDATE()`	Return the current date
`CURRENT_DATE()`,`CURRENT_DATE`	Synonyms for CURDATE()
`CURRENT_ROLE()`	Return the current active roles
`CURRENT_TIME()`,`CURRENT_TIME`	Synonyms for CURTIME()
`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()`,`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`	Synonyms for NOW()
`CURRENT_USER()`,`CURRENT_USER`	The authenticated user name and host name
`CURTIME()`	Return the current time
`DATABASE()`	Return the default (current) database name
`DATE()`	Extract the date part of a date or datetime expression
`DATE_ADD()`	Add time values (intervals) to a date value
`DATE_FORMAT()`	Format date as specified
`DATE_SUB()`	Subtract a time value (interval) from a date
`DATEDIFF()`	Subtract two dates
`DAY()`	Synonym for DAYOFMONTH()
`DAYNAME()`	Return the name of the weekday
`DAYOFMONTH()`	Return the day of the month (0-31)
`DAYOFWEEK()`	Return the weekday index of the argument
`DAYOFYEAR()`	Return the day of the year (1-366)
`DEFAULT()`	Return the default value for a table column
`DEGREES()`	Convert radians to degrees
`DENSE_RANK()`	Rank of current row within its partition, without gaps
`DISTANCE()`	Calculates the distance between two vectors per the specified method
`DIV`	Integer division
`ELT()`	Return string at index number
`EXISTS()`	Whether the result of a query contains any rows
`EXP()`	Raise to the power of
`EXPORT_SET()`	Return a string such that for every bit set in the value bits, you get an on string and for every unset bit, you get an off string
`EXTRACT()`	Extract part of a date
`ExtractValue()`	Extract a value from an XML string using XPath notation
`FIELD()`	Index (position) of first argument in subsequent arguments
`FIND_IN_SET()`	Index (position) of first argument within second argument
`FIRST_VALUE()`	Value of argument from first row of window frame
`FLOOR()`	Return the largest integer value not greater than the argument
`FORMAT()`	Return a number formatted to specified number of decimal places
`FORMAT_BYTES()`	Convert byte count to value with units
`FORMAT_PICO_TIME()`	Convert time in picoseconds to value with units
`FOUND_ROWS()`	For a SELECT with a LIMIT clause, the number of rows that would be returned were there no LIMIT clause
`FROM_BASE64()`	Decode base64 encoded string and return result
`FROM_DAYS()`	Convert a day number to a date
`FROM_UNIXTIME()`	Format Unix timestamp as a date
`GeomCollection()`	Construct geometry collection from geometries
`GeometryCollection()`	Construct geometry collection from geometries
`GET_DD_COLUMN_PRIVILEGES()`	Internal use only
`GET_DD_CREATE_OPTIONS()`	Internal use only
`GET_DD_INDEX_SUB_PART_LENGTH()`	Internal use only
`GET_FORMAT()`	Return a date format string
`GET_LOCK()`	Get a named lock
`GREATEST()`	Return the largest argument
`GROUP_CONCAT()`	Return a concatenated string
`group_replication_disable_member_action()`	Disable member action for event specified
`group_replication_enable_member_action()`	Enable member action for event specified
`group_replication_get_communication_protocol()`	Get version of group replication communication protocol currently in use
`group_replication_get_write_concurrency()`	Get maximum number of consensus instances currently set for group
`group_replication_reset_member_actions()`	Reset all member actions to defaults and configuration version number to 1
`group_replication_set_as_primary()`	Make a specific group member the primary
`group_replication_set_communication_protocol()`	Set version for group replication communication protocol to use
`group_replication_set_write_concurrency()`	Set maximum number of consensus instances that can be executed in parallel
`group_replication_switch_to_multi_primary_mode()`	Changes the mode of a group running in single-primary mode to multi-primary mode
`group_replication_switch_to_single_primary_mode()`	Changes the mode of a group running in multi-primary mode to single-primary mode
`GROUPING()`	Distinguish super-aggregate ROLLUP rows from regular rows
`HEX()`	Hexadecimal representation of decimal or string value
`HOUR()`	Extract the hour
`ICU_VERSION()`	ICU library version
`IF()`	If/else construct
`IFNULL()`	Null if/else construct
`IN()`	Whether a value is within a set of values
`INET_ATON()`	Return the numeric value of an IP address
`INET_NTOA()`	Return the IP address from a numeric value
`INSERT()`	Insert substring at specified position up to specified number of characters
`INSTR()`	Return the index of the first occurrence of substring
`INTERNAL_AUTO_INCREMENT()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_AVG_ROW_LENGTH()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_CHECK_TIME()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_CHECKSUM()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_DATA_FREE()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_DATA_LENGTH()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_DD_CHAR_LENGTH()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_GET_COMMENT_OR_ERROR()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_GET_ENABLED_ROLE_JSON()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_GET_HOSTNAME()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_GET_USERNAME()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_GET_VIEW_WARNING_OR_ERROR()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_INDEX_COLUMN_CARDINALITY()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_INDEX_LENGTH()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_IS_ENABLED_ROLE()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_IS_MANDATORY_ROLE()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_KEYS_DISABLED()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_MAX_DATA_LENGTH()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_TABLE_ROWS()`	Internal use only
`INTERNAL_UPDATE_TIME()`	Internal use only
`INTERVAL()`	Return the index of the argument that is less than the first argument
`IS`	Test a value against a boolean
`IS_FREE_LOCK()`	Whether the named lock is free
`IS NOT`	Test a value against a boolean
`IS NOT NULL`	NOT NULL value test
`IS NULL`	NULL value test
`IS_USED_LOCK()`	Whether the named lock is in use; return connection identifier if true
`IS_UUID()`	Whether argument is a valid UUID
`ISNULL()`	Test whether the argument is NULL
`JSON_ARRAY()`	Create JSON array
`JSON_ARRAY_APPEND()`	Append data to JSON document
`JSON_ARRAY_INSERT()`	Insert into JSON array
`JSON_ARRAYAGG()`	Return result set as a single JSON array
`JSON_CONTAINS()`	Whether JSON document contains specific object at path
`JSON_CONTAINS_PATH()`	Whether JSON document contains any data at path
`JSON_DEPTH()`	Maximum depth of JSON document
`JSON_EXTRACT()`	Return data from JSON document
`JSON_INSERT()`	Insert data into JSON document
`JSON_KEYS()`	Array of keys from JSON document
`JSON_LENGTH()`	Number of elements in JSON document
`JSON_MERGE()`	Merge JSON documents, preserving duplicate keys. Deprecated synonym for JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE()	Yes
`JSON_MERGE_PATCH()`	Merge JSON documents, replacing values of duplicate keys
`JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE()`	Merge JSON documents, preserving duplicate keys
`JSON_OBJECT()`	Create JSON object
`JSON_OBJECTAGG()`	Return result set as a single JSON object
`JSON_OVERLAPS()`	Compares two JSON documents, returns TRUE (1) if these have any key-value pairs or array elements in common, otherwise FALSE (0)
`JSON_PRETTY()`	Print a JSON document in human-readable format
`JSON_QUOTE()`	Quote JSON document
`JSON_REMOVE()`	Remove data from JSON document
`JSON_REPLACE()`	Replace values in JSON document
`JSON_SCHEMA_VALID()`	Validate JSON document against JSON schema; returns TRUE/1 if document validates against schema, or FALSE/0 if it does not
`JSON_SCHEMA_VALIDATION_REPORT()`	Validate JSON document against JSON schema; returns report in JSON format on outcome on validation including success or failure and reasons for failure
`JSON_SEARCH()`	Path to value within JSON document
`JSON_SET()`	Insert data into JSON document
`JSON_STORAGE_FREE()`	Freed space within binary representation of JSON column value following partial update
`JSON_STORAGE_SIZE()`	Space used for storage of binary representation of a JSON document
`JSON_TABLE()`	Return data from a JSON expression as a relational table
`JSON_TYPE()`	Type of JSON value
`JSON_UNQUOTE()`	Unquote JSON value
`JSON_VALID()`	Whether JSON value is valid
`JSON_VALUE()`	Extract value from JSON document at location pointed to by path provided; return this value as VARCHAR(512) or specified type
`LAG()`	Value of argument from row lagging current row within partition
`LAST_DAY`	Return the last day of the month for the argument
`LAST_INSERT_ID()`	Value of the AUTOINCREMENT column for the last INSERT
`LAST_VALUE()`	Value of argument from last row of window frame
`LCASE()`	Synonym for LOWER()
`LEAD()`	Value of argument from row leading current row within partition
`LEAST()`	Return the smallest argument
`LEFT()`	Return the leftmost number of characters as specified
`LENGTH()`	Return the length of a string in bytes
`LIKE`	Simple pattern matching
`LineString()`	Construct LineString from Point values
`LN()`	Return the natural logarithm of the argument
`LOAD_FILE()`	Load the named file
`LOCALTIME()`,`LOCALTIME`	Synonym for NOW()
`LOCALTIMESTAMP`,`LOCALTIMESTAMP()`	Synonym for NOW()
`LOCATE()`	Return the position of the first occurrence of substring
`LOG()`	Return the natural logarithm of the first argument
`LOG10()`	Return the base-10 logarithm of the argument
`LOG2()`	Return the base-2 logarithm of the argument
`LOWER()`	Return the argument in lowercase
`LPAD()`	Return the string argument, left-padded with the specified string
`LTRIM()`	Remove leading spaces
`MAKE_SET()`	Return a set of comma-separated strings that have the corresponding bit in bits set
`MAKEDATE()`	Create a date from the year and day of year
`MAKETIME()`	Create time from hour, minute, second
`MASTER_POS_WAIT()`	Block until the replica has read and applied all updates up to the specified position	Yes
`MATCH()`	Perform full-text search
`MAX()`	Return the maximum value
`MBRContains()`	Whether MBR of one geometry contains MBR of another
`MBRCoveredBy()`	Whether one MBR is covered by another
`MBRCovers()`	Whether one MBR covers another
`MBRDisjoint()`	Whether MBRs of two geometries are disjoint
`MBREquals()`	Whether MBRs of two geometries are equal
`MBRIntersects()`	Whether MBRs of two geometries intersect
`MBROverlaps()`	Whether MBRs of two geometries overlap
`MBRTouches()`	Whether MBRs of two geometries touch
`MBRWithin()`	Whether MBR of one geometry is within MBR of another
`MD5()`	Calculate MD5 checksum
`MEMBER OF()`	Returns true (1) if first operand matches any element of JSON array passed as second operand, otherwise returns false (0)
`MICROSECOND()`	Return the microseconds from argument
`MID()`	Return a substring starting from the specified position
`MIN()`	Return the minimum value
`MINUTE()`	Return the minute from the argument
`MOD()`	Return the remainder
`MONTH()`	Return the month from the date passed
`MONTHNAME()`	Return the name of the month
`MultiLineString()`	Contruct MultiLineString from LineString values
`MultiPoint()`	Construct MultiPoint from Point values
`MultiPolygon()`	Construct MultiPolygon from Polygon values
`NAME_CONST()`	Cause the column to have the given name
`NOT`,`!`	Negates value
`NOT BETWEEN ... AND ...`	Whether a value is not within a range of values
`NOT EXISTS()`	Whether the result of a query contains no rows
`NOT IN()`	Whether a value is not within a set of values
`NOT LIKE`	Negation of simple pattern matching
`NOT REGEXP`	Negation of REGEXP
`NOW()`	Return the current date and time
`NTH_VALUE()`	Value of argument from N-th row of window frame
`NTILE()`	Bucket number of current row within its partition.
`NULLIF()`	Return NULL if expr1 = expr2
`OCT()`	Return a string containing octal representation of a number
`OCTET_LENGTH()`	Synonym for LENGTH()
`OR`,`\|\|`	Logical OR
`ORD()`	Return character code for leftmost character of the argument
`PERCENT_RANK()`	Percentage rank value
`PERIOD_ADD()`	Add a period to a year-month
`PERIOD_DIFF()`	Return the number of months between periods
`PI()`	Return the value of pi
`Point()`	Construct Point from coordinates
`Polygon()`	Construct Polygon from LineString arguments
`POSITION()`	Synonym for LOCATE()
`POW()`	Return the argument raised to the specified power
`POWER()`	Return the argument raised to the specified power
`PS_CURRENT_THREAD_ID()`	Performance Schema thread ID for current thread
`PS_THREAD_ID()`	Performance Schema thread ID for given thread
`QUARTER()`	Return the quarter from a date argument
`QUOTE()`	Escape the argument for use in an SQL statement
`RADIANS()`	Return argument converted to radians
`RAND()`	Return a random floating-point value
`RANDOM_BYTES()`	Return a random byte vector
`RANK()`	Rank of current row within its partition, with gaps
`REGEXP`	Whether string matches regular expression
`REGEXP_INSTR()`	Starting index of substring matching regular expression
`REGEXP_LIKE()`	Whether string matches regular expression
`REGEXP_REPLACE()`	Replace substrings matching regular expression
`REGEXP_SUBSTR()`	Return substring matching regular expression
`RELEASE_ALL_LOCKS()`	Release all current named locks
`RELEASE_LOCK()`	Release the named lock
`REPEAT()`	Repeat a string the specified number of times
`REPLACE()`	Replace occurrences of a specified string
`REVERSE()`	Reverse the characters in a string
`RIGHT()`	Return the specified rightmost number of characters
`RLIKE`	Whether string matches regular expression
`ROLES_GRAPHML()`	Return a GraphML document representing memory role subgraphs
`ROUND()`	Round the argument
`ROW_COUNT()`	The number of rows updated
`ROW_NUMBER()`	Number of current row within its partition
`RPAD()`	Append string the specified number of times
`RTRIM()`	Remove trailing spaces
`SCHEMA()`	Synonym for DATABASE()
`SEC_TO_TIME()`	Converts seconds to 'hh:mm:ss' format
`SECOND()`	Return the second (0-59)
`SESSION_USER()`	Synonym for USER()
`SHA1()`,`SHA()`	Calculate an SHA-1 160-bit checksum
`SHA2()`	Calculate an SHA-2 checksum
`SIGN()`	Return the sign of the argument
`SIN()`	Return the sine of the argument
`SLEEP()`	Sleep for a number of seconds
`SOUNDEX()`	Return a soundex string
`SOUNDS LIKE`	Compare sounds
`SOURCE_POS_WAIT()`	Block until the replica has read and applied all updates up to the specified position
`SPACE()`	Return a string of the specified number of spaces
`SQRT()`	Return the square root of the argument
`ST_Area()`	Return Polygon or MultiPolygon area
`ST_AsBinary()`,`ST_AsWKB()`	Convert from internal geometry format to WKB
`ST_AsGeoJSON()`	Generate GeoJSON object from geometry
`ST_AsText()`,`ST_AsWKT()`	Convert from internal geometry format to WKT
`ST_Buffer()`	Return geometry of points within given distance from geometry
`ST_Buffer_Strategy()`	Produce strategy option for ST_Buffer()
`ST_Centroid()`	Return centroid as a point
`ST_Collect()`	Aggregate spatial values into collection
`ST_Contains()`	Whether one geometry contains another
`ST_ConvexHull()`	Return convex hull of geometry
`ST_Crosses()`	Whether one geometry crosses another
`ST_Difference()`	Return point set difference of two geometries
`ST_Dimension()`	Dimension of geometry
`ST_Disjoint()`	Whether one geometry is disjoint from another
`ST_Distance()`	The distance of one geometry from another
`ST_Distance_Sphere()`	Minimum distance on earth between two geometries
`ST_EndPoint()`	End Point of LineString
`ST_Envelope()`	Return MBR of geometry
`ST_Equals()`	Whether one geometry is equal to another
`ST_ExteriorRing()`	Return exterior ring of Polygon
`ST_FrechetDistance()`	The discrete Fréchet distance of one geometry from another
`ST_GeoHash()`	Produce a geohash value
`ST_GeomCollFromText()`,`ST_GeometryCollectionFromText()`,`ST_GeomCollFromTxt()`	Return geometry collection from WKT
`ST_GeomCollFromWKB()`,`ST_GeometryCollectionFromWKB()`	Return geometry collection from WKB
`ST_GeometryN()`	Return N-th geometry from geometry collection
`ST_GeometryType()`	Return name of geometry type
`ST_GeomFromGeoJSON()`	Generate geometry from GeoJSON object
`ST_GeomFromText()`,`ST_GeometryFromText()`	Return geometry from WKT
`ST_GeomFromWKB()`,`ST_GeometryFromWKB()`	Return geometry from WKB
`ST_HausdorffDistance()`	The discrete Hausdorff distance of one geometry from another
`ST_InteriorRingN()`	Return N-th interior ring of Polygon
`ST_Intersection()`	Return point set intersection of two geometries
`ST_Intersects()`	Whether one geometry intersects another
`ST_IsClosed()`	Whether a geometry is closed and simple
`ST_IsEmpty()`	Whether a geometry is empty
`ST_IsSimple()`	Whether a geometry is simple
`ST_IsValid()`	Whether a geometry is valid
`ST_LatFromGeoHash()`	Return latitude from geohash value
`ST_Latitude()`	Return latitude of Point
`ST_Length()`	Return length of LineString
`ST_LineFromText()`,`ST_LineStringFromText()`	Construct LineString from WKT
`ST_LineFromWKB()`,`ST_LineStringFromWKB()`	Construct LineString from WKB
`ST_LineInterpolatePoint()`	The point a given percentage along a LineString
`ST_LineInterpolatePoints()`	The points a given percentage along a LineString
`ST_LongFromGeoHash()`	Return longitude from geohash value
`ST_Longitude()`	Return longitude of Point
`ST_MakeEnvelope()`	Rectangle around two points
`ST_MLineFromText()`,`ST_MultiLineStringFromText()`	Construct MultiLineString from WKT
`ST_MLineFromWKB()`,`ST_MultiLineStringFromWKB()`	Construct MultiLineString from WKB
`ST_MPointFromText()`,`ST_MultiPointFromText()`	Construct MultiPoint from WKT
`ST_MPointFromWKB()`,`ST_MultiPointFromWKB()`	Construct MultiPoint from WKB
`ST_MPolyFromText()`,`ST_MultiPolygonFromText()`	Construct MultiPolygon from WKT
`ST_MPolyFromWKB()`,`ST_MultiPolygonFromWKB()`	Construct MultiPolygon from WKB
`ST_NumGeometries()`	Return number of geometries in geometry collection
`ST_NumInteriorRing()`,`ST_NumInteriorRings()`	Return number of interior rings in Polygon
`ST_NumPoints()`	Return number of points in LineString
`ST_Overlaps()`	Whether one geometry overlaps another
`ST_PointAtDistance()`	The point a given distance along a LineString
`ST_PointFromGeoHash()`	Convert geohash value to POINT value
`ST_PointFromText()`	Construct Point from WKT
`ST_PointFromWKB()`	Construct Point from WKB
`ST_PointN()`	Return N-th point from LineString
`ST_PolyFromText()`,`ST_PolygonFromText()`	Construct Polygon from WKT
`ST_PolyFromWKB()`,`ST_PolygonFromWKB()`	Construct Polygon from WKB
`ST_Simplify()`	Return simplified geometry
`ST_SRID()`	Return spatial reference system ID for geometry
`ST_StartPoint()`	Start Point of LineString
`ST_SwapXY()`	Return argument with X/Y coordinates swapped
`ST_SymDifference()`	Return point set symmetric difference of two geometries
`ST_Touches()`	Whether one geometry touches another
`ST_Transform()`	Transform coordinates of geometry
`ST_Union()`	Return point set union of two geometries
`ST_Validate()`	Return validated geometry
`ST_Within()`	Whether one geometry is within another
`ST_X()`	Return X coordinate of Point
`ST_Y()`	Return Y coordinate of Point
`STATEMENT_DIGEST()`	Compute statement digest hash value
`STATEMENT_DIGEST_TEXT()`	Compute normalized statement digest
`STD()`	Return the population standard deviation
`STDDEV()`	Return the population standard deviation
`STDDEV_POP()`	Return the population standard deviation
`STDDEV_SAMP()`	Return the sample standard deviation
`STR_TO_DATE()`	Convert a string to a date
`STRCMP()`	Compare two strings
`STRING_TO_VECTOR()`	Get the binary value of the VECTOR column represented by a conforming string
`SUBDATE()`	Synonym for DATE_SUB() when invoked with three arguments
`SUBSTR()`	Return the substring as specified
`SUBSTRING()`	Return the substring as specified
`SUBSTRING_INDEX()`	Return a substring from a string before the specified number of occurrences of the delimiter
`SUBTIME()`	Subtract times
`SUM()`	Return the sum
`SYSDATE()`	Return the time at which the function executes
`SYSTEM_USER()`	Synonym for USER()
`TAN()`	Return the tangent of the argument
`TIME()`	Extract the time portion of the expression passed
`TIME_FORMAT()`	Format as time
`TIME_TO_SEC()`	Return the argument converted to seconds
`TIMEDIFF()`	Subtract time
`TIMESTAMP()`	With a single argument, this function returns the date or datetime expression; with two arguments, the sum of the arguments
`TIMESTAMPADD()`	Add an interval to a datetime expression
`TIMESTAMPDIFF()`	Return the difference of two datetime expressions, using the units specified
`TO_BASE64()`	Return the argument converted to a base-64 string
`TO_DAYS()`	Return the date argument converted to days
`TO_SECONDS()`	Return the date or datetime argument converted to seconds since Year 0
`TRIM()`	Remove leading and trailing spaces
`TRUNCATE()`	Truncate to specified number of decimal places
`UCASE()`	Synonym for UPPER()
`UNCOMPRESS()`	Uncompress a string compressed
`UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH()`	Return the length of a string before compression
`UNHEX()`	Return a string containing hex representation of a number
`UNIX_TIMESTAMP()`	Return a Unix timestamp
`UpdateXML()`	Return replaced XML fragment
`UPPER()`	Convert to uppercase
`USER()`	The user name and host name provided by the client
`UTC_DATE()`	Return the current UTC date
`UTC_TIME()`	Return the current UTC time
`UTC_TIMESTAMP()`	Return the current UTC date and time
`UUID()`	Return a Universal Unique Identifier (UUID)
`UUID_SHORT()`	Return an integer-valued universal identifier
`UUID_TO_BIN()`	Convert string UUID to binary
`VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH()`	Determine strength of password
`VALUES()`	Define the values to be used during an INSERT
`VAR_POP()`	Return the population standard variance
`VAR_SAMP()`	Return the sample variance
`VARIANCE()`	Return the population standard variance
`VECTOR_DIM()`	Get the length of a vector (that is, the number of entries it contains)
`VECTOR_TO_STRING()`	Get the string representation of a VECTOR column, given its value as a binary string
`VERSION()`	Return a string that indicates the MySQL server version
`WAIT_FOR_EXECUTED_GTID_SET()`	Wait until the given GTIDs have executed on the replica.
`WEEK()`	Return the week number
`WEEKDAY()`	Return the weekday index
`WEEKOFYEAR()`	Return the calendar week of the date (1-53)
`WEIGHT_STRING()`	Return the weight string for a string
`XOR`	Logical XOR
`YEAR()`	Return the year
`YEARWEEK()`	Return the year and week
`\|`	Bitwise OR
`~`	Bitwise inversion

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