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As of MySQL 8.0.16, the MySQL server performs the upgrade tasks previously handled bymysql_upgrade (for details, seeSection 3.4, “What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades”). Consequently,mysql_upgrade is unneeded and is deprecated as of that version; expect it to be removed in a future version of MySQL. Becausemysql_upgrade no longer performs upgrade tasks, it exits with status 0 unconditionally.

• It upgrades the system tables in themysql schema so that you can take advantage of new privileges or capabilities that might have been added.

• It upgrades the Performance Schema,INFORMATION_SCHEMA, andsys schema.

• It examines user schemas.

You should always back up your current MySQL installationbefore performing an upgrade. SeeSection 9.2, “Database Backup Methods”.

Some upgrade incompatibilities may require special handlingbefore upgrading your MySQL installation and runningmysql_upgrade. SeeChapter 3,Upgrading MySQL, for instructions on determining whether any such incompatibilities apply to your installation and how to handle them.

1. Ensure that the server is running.

2. Invokemysql_upgrade to upgrade the system tables in themysql schema and check and repair tables in other schemas:

   mysql_upgrade [options]

3. Stop the server and restart it so that any system table changes take effect.

If you run the server with thedisabled_storage_engines system variable set to disable certain storage engines (for example,MyISAM),mysql_upgrade might fail with an error like this:

mysql_upgrade: [ERROR] 3161: Storage engine MyISAM is disabled(Table creation is disallowed).

To handle this, restart the server withdisabled_storage_engines disabled. Then you should be able to runmysql_upgrade successfully. After that, restart the server withdisabled_storage_engines set to its original value.

Themysql_upgrade_info file is deprecated; expect it to be removed in a future version of MySQL.

Table 6.11 mysql_upgrade Options

• --help

  Command-Line Format	--help

  Display a short help message and exit.

• --bind-address=ip_address

  Command-Line Format	--bind-address=ip_address

  On a computer having multiple network interfaces, use this option to select which interface to use for connecting to the MySQL server.

• --character-sets-dir=dir_name

  Command-Line Format	--character-sets-dir=dir_name
  Type	Directory name

  The directory where character sets are installed. SeeSection 12.15, “Character Set Configuration”.

• --compress,-C

  Command-Line Format	--compress[={OFF|ON}]
  Deprecated	8.0.18
  Type	Boolean
  Default Value	OFF

  Compress all information sent between the client and the server if possible. SeeSection 6.2.8, “Connection Compression Control”.

  As of MySQL 8.0.18, this option is deprecated. Expect it to be removed in a future version of MySQL. SeeConfiguring Legacy Connection Compression.

• --compression-algorithms=value

  Command-Line Format	--compression-algorithms=value
  Introduced	8.0.18
  Type	Set
  Default Value	uncompressed
  Valid Values	zlib zstd uncompressed

  The permitted compression algorithms for connections to the server. The available algorithms are the same as for theprotocol_compression_algorithms system variable. The default value isuncompressed.

  For more information, seeSection 6.2.8, “Connection Compression Control”.

  This option was added in MySQL 8.0.18.

• --debug[=debug_options],-# [debug_options]

  Command-Line Format	--debug[=#]
  Type	String
  Default Value	d:t:O,/tmp/mysql_upgrade.trace

  Write a debugging log. A typicaldebug_options string isd:t:o,file_name. The default isd:t:O,/tmp/mysql_upgrade.trace.

• --debug-check

  Command-Line Format	--debug-check
  Type	Boolean

  Print some debugging information when the program exits.

• --debug-info,-T

  Command-Line Format	--debug-info
  Type	Boolean
  Default Value	FALSE

  Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics when the program exits.

• --default-auth=plugin

  Command-Line Format	--default-auth=plugin
  Type	String

  A hint about which client-side authentication plugin to use. SeeSection 8.2.17, “Pluggable Authentication”.

• --default-character-set=charset_name

  Command-Line Format	--default-character-set=name
  Type	String

  Usecharset_name as the default character set. SeeSection 12.15, “Character Set Configuration”.

• --defaults-extra-file=file_name

  Command-Line Format	--defaults-extra-file=file_name
  Type	File name

  Read this option file after the global option file but (on Unix) before the user option file. If the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. Iffile_name is not an absolute path name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory.

  For additional information about this and other option-file options, seeSection 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.

• --defaults-file=file_name

  Command-Line Format	--defaults-file=file_name
  Type	File name

  Use only the given option file. If the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. Iffile_name is not an absolute path name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory.

  For additional information about this and other option-file options, seeSection 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.

• --defaults-group-suffix=str

  Command-Line Format	--defaults-group-suffix=str
  Type	String

  Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups with the usual names and a suffix ofstr. For example,mysql_upgrade normally reads the[client] and[mysql_upgrade] groups. If this option is given as--defaults-group-suffix=_other,mysql_upgrade also reads the[client_other] and[mysql_upgrade_other] groups.

  For additional information about this and other option-file options, seeSection 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.

• --force

  Command-Line Format	--force
  Type	Boolean

  Ignore themysql_upgrade_info file and force execution even ifmysql_upgrade has already been executed for the current version of MySQL.

• --get-server-public-key

  Command-Line Format	--get-server-public-key
  Type	Boolean

  Request from the server the public key required for RSA key pair-based password exchange. This option applies to clients that authenticate with thecaching_sha2_password authentication plugin. For that plugin, the server does not send the public key unless requested. This option is ignored for accounts that do not authenticate with that plugin. It is also ignored if RSA-based password exchange is not used, as is the case when the client connects to the server using a secure connection.

  If--server-public-key-path=file_name is given and specifies a valid public key file, it takes precedence over--get-server-public-key.

  For information about thecaching_sha2_password plugin, seeSection 8.4.1.2, “Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication”.

• --host=host_name,-hhost_name

  Command-Line Format	--host=name
  Type	String

  Connect to the MySQL server on the given host.

• --login-path=name

  Command-Line Format	--login-path=name
  Type	String

  Read options from the named login path in the.mylogin.cnf login path file. A“login path” is an option group containing options that specify which MySQL server to connect to and which account to authenticate as. To create or modify a login path file, use themysql_config_editor utility. SeeSection 6.6.7, “mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration Utility”.

  For additional information about this and other option-file options, seeSection 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.

• --max-allowed-packet=value

  Command-Line Format	--max-allowed-packet=value
  Type	Integer
  Default Value	25165824
  Minimum Value	4096
  Maximum Value	2147483648

  The maximum size of the buffer for client/server communication. The default value is 24MB. The minimum and maximum values are 4KB and 2GB.

• --net-buffer-length=value

  Command-Line Format	--net-buffer-length=value
  Type	Integer
  Default Value	1047552
  Minimum Value	4096
  Maximum Value	16777216

  The initial size of the buffer for client/server communication. The default value is 1MB − 1KB. The minimum and maximum values are 4KB and 16MB.

• --no-defaults

  Command-Line Format	--no-defaults

  Do not read any option files. If program startup fails due to reading unknown options from an option file,--no-defaults can be used to prevent them from being read.

  The exception is that the.mylogin.cnf file is read in all cases, if it exists. This permits passwords to be specified in a safer way than on the command line even when--no-defaults is used. To create.mylogin.cnf, use themysql_config_editor utility. SeeSection 6.6.7, “mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration Utility”.

  For additional information about this and other option-file options, seeSection 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.

• --password[=password],-p[password]

  Command-Line Format	--password[=name]
  Type	String

  The password of the MySQL account used for connecting to the server. The password value is optional. If not given,mysql_upgrade prompts for one. If given, there must beno space between--password= or-p and the password following it. If no password option is specified, the default is to send no password.

  Specifying a password on the command line should be considered insecure. To avoid giving the password on the command line, use an option file. SeeSection 8.1.2.1, “End-User Guidelines for Password Security”.

  To explicitly specify that there is no password and thatmysql_upgrade should not prompt for one, use the--skip-password option.

• --pipe,-W

  Command-Line Format	--pipe
  Type	String

  On Windows, connect to the server using a named pipe. This option applies only if the server was started with thenamed_pipe system variable enabled to support named-pipe connections. In addition, the user making the connection must be a member of the Windows group specified by thenamed_pipe_full_access_group system variable.

• --plugin-dir=dir_name

  Command-Line Format	--plugin-dir=dir_name
  Type	Directory name

  The directory in which to look for plugins. Specify this option if the--default-auth option is used to specify an authentication plugin butmysql_upgrade does not find it. SeeSection 8.2.17, “Pluggable Authentication”.

• --port=port_num,-Pport_num

  Command-Line Format	--port=#
  Type	Numeric

  For TCP/IP connections, the port number to use.

• --print-defaults

  Command-Line Format	--print-defaults

  Print the program name and all options that it gets from option files.

• --protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}

  Command-Line Format	--protocol=name
  Type	String

  The transport protocol to use for connecting to the server. It is useful when the other connection parameters normally result in use of a protocol other than the one you want. For details on the permissible values, seeSection 6.2.7, “Connection Transport Protocols”.

• --server-public-key-path=file_name

  Command-Line Format	--server-public-key-path=file_name
  Type	File name

  The path name to a file in PEM format containing a client-side copy of the public key required by the server for RSA key pair-based password exchange. This option applies to clients that authenticate with thesha256_password orcaching_sha2_password authentication plugin. This option is ignored for accounts that do not authenticate with one of those plugins. It is also ignored if RSA-based password exchange is not used, as is the case when the client connects to the server using a secure connection.

  If--server-public-key-path=file_name is given and specifies a valid public key file, it takes precedence over--get-server-public-key.

  Forsha256_password, this option applies only if MySQL was built using OpenSSL.

  For information about thesha256_password andcaching_sha2_password plugins, seeSection 8.4.1.3, “SHA-256 Pluggable Authentication”, andSection 8.4.1.2, “Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication”.

• --shared-memory-base-name=name

  Command-Line Format	--shared-memory-base-name=name
  Platform Specific	Windows

  On Windows, the shared-memory name to use for connections made using shared memory to a local server. The default value isMYSQL. The shared-memory name is case-sensitive.

  This option applies only if the server was started with theshared_memory system variable enabled to support shared-memory connections.

• --skip-sys-schema

  Command-Line Format	--skip-sys-schema
  Type	Boolean
  Default Value	FALSE

  By default,mysql_upgrade installs thesys schema if it is not installed, and upgrades it to the current version otherwise. The--skip-sys-schema option suppresses this behavior.

• --socket=path,-Spath

  Command-Line Format	--socket={file_name|pipe_name}
  Type	String

  For connections tolocalhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of the named pipe to use.

  On Windows, this option applies only if the server was started with thenamed_pipe system variable enabled to support named-pipe connections. In addition, the user making the connection must be a member of the Windows group specified by thenamed_pipe_full_access_group system variable.

• --ssl*

  Options that begin with--ssl specify whether to connect to the server using encryption and indicate where to find SSL keys and certificates. SeeCommand Options for Encrypted Connections.

• --ssl-fips-mode={OFF|ON|STRICT}

  Command-Line Format	--ssl-fips-mode={OFF|ON|STRICT}
  Deprecated	8.0.34
  Type	Enumeration
  Default Value	OFF
  Valid Values	OFF ON STRICT

  Controls whether to enable FIPS mode on the client side. The--ssl-fips-mode option differs from other--ssl-xxx options in that it is not used to establish encrypted connections, but rather to affect which cryptographic operations to permit. SeeSection 8.8, “FIPS Support”.

  These--ssl-fips-mode values are permitted:

  • OFF: Disable FIPS mode.

  • ON: Enable FIPS mode.

  • STRICT: Enable“strict” FIPS mode.

  Note

  If the OpenSSL FIPS Object Module is not available, the only permitted value for--ssl-fips-mode isOFF. In this case, setting--ssl-fips-mode toON orSTRICT causes the client to produce a warning at startup and to operate in non-FIPS mode.

  As of MySQL 8.0.34, this option is deprecated. Expect it to be removed in a future version of MySQL.

• --tls-ciphersuites=ciphersuite_list

  Command-Line Format	--tls-ciphersuites=ciphersuite_list
  Introduced	8.0.16
  Type	String

  The permissible ciphersuites for encrypted connections that use TLSv1.3. The value is a list of one or more colon-separated ciphersuite names. The ciphersuites that can be named for this option depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL. For details, seeSection 8.3.2, “Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers”.

  This option was added in MySQL 8.0.16.

• --tls-version=protocol_list

  Command-Line Format	--tls-version=protocol_list
  Type	String
  Default Value (≥ 8.0.16)	TLSv1,TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2,TLSv1.3 (OpenSSL 1.1.1 or higher) TLSv1,TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2 (otherwise)
  Default Value (≤ 8.0.15)	TLSv1,TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2

  The permissible TLS protocols for encrypted connections. The value is a list of one or more comma-separated protocol names. The protocols that can be named for this option depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL. For details, seeSection 8.3.2, “Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers”.

• --upgrade-system-tables,-s

  Command-Line Format	--upgrade-system-tables
  Type	Boolean

  Upgrade only the system tables in themysql schema, do not upgrade user schemas.

• --user=user_name,-uuser_name

  Command-Line Format	--user=name
  Type	String

  The user name of the MySQL account to use for connecting to the server. The default user name isroot.

• --verbose

  Command-Line Format	--verbose
  Type	Boolean

  Verbose mode. Print more information about what the program does.

• --version-check,-k

  Command-Line Format	--version-check
  Type	Boolean

  Check the version of the server to whichmysql_upgrade is connecting to verify that it is the same as the version for whichmysql_upgrade was built. If not,mysql_upgrade exits. This option is enabled by default; to disable the check, use--skip-version-check.

• --write-binlog

  Command-Line Format	--write-binlog
  Type	Boolean
  Default Value	OFF

  By default, binary logging bymysql_upgrade is disabled. Invoke the program with--write-binlog if you want its actions to be written to the binary log.

  When the server is running with global transaction identifiers (GTIDs) enabled (gtid_mode=ON), do not enable binary logging bymysql_upgrade.

• --zstd-compression-level=level

  Command-Line Format	--zstd-compression-level=#
  Introduced	8.0.18
  Type	Integer

  The compression level to use for connections to the server that use thezstd compression algorithm. The permitted levels are from 1 to 22, with larger values indicating increasing levels of compression. The defaultzstd compression level is 3. The compression level setting has no effect on connections that do not usezstd compression.

  For more information, seeSection 6.2.8, “Connection Compression Control”.

  This option was added in MySQL 8.0.18.