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MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual  / ...  / Security  / Security Components and Plugins  / MySQL Enterprise Firewall  /  MySQL Enterprise Firewall Reference

8.4.7.4 MySQL Enterprise Firewall Reference

The following sections provide a reference to MySQL Enterprise Firewall elements:

MySQL Enterprise Firewall Tables

MySQL Enterprise Firewall maintains profile information on a per-group and per-account basis, using tables in the firewall database for persistent storage and Information Schema and Performance Schema tables to provide views into in-memory cached data. When enabled, the firewall bases operational decisions on the cached data. The firewall database can be themysql system database or a custom schema (seeInstalling MySQL Enterprise Firewall).

Tables in the firewall database are covered in this section. For information about MySQL Enterprise Firewall Information Schema and Performance Schema tables, seeSection 28.7, “INFORMATION_SCHEMA MySQL Enterprise Firewall Tables”, andSection 29.12.17, “Performance Schema Firewall Tables”, respectively.

Firewall Group Profile Tables

As of MySQL 8.0.23, MySQL Enterprise Firewall maintains group profile information using tables in themysql system database for persistent storage and Performance Schema tables to provide views into in-memory cached data.

Each system and Performance Schema table is accessible only by accounts that have theSELECT privilege for it.

Themysql.firewall_groups table lists names and operational modes of registered firewall group profiles. The table has the following columns (with the corresponding Performance Schemafirewall_groups table having similar but not necessarily identical columns):

  • NAME

    The group profile name.

  • MODE

    The current operational mode for the profile. Permitted mode values areOFF,DETECTING,PROTECTING, andRECORDING. For details about their meanings, seeFirewall Concepts.

  • USERHOST

    The training account for the group profile, to be used when the profile is inRECORDING mode. The value isNULL, or a non-NULL account that has the formatuser_name@host_name:

    • If the value isNULL, the firewall records allowlist rules for statements received from any account that is a member of the group.

    • If the value is non-NULL, the firewall records allowlist rules only for statements received from the named account (which should be a member of the group).

Themysql.firewall_group_allowlist table lists allowlist rules of registered firewall group profiles. The table has the following columns (with the corresponding Performance Schemafirewall_group_allowlist table having similar but not necessarily identical columns):

  • NAME

    The group profile name.

  • RULE

    A normalized statement indicating an acceptable statement pattern for the profile. A profile allowlist is the union of its rules.

  • ID

    An integer column that is a primary key for the table.

Themysql.firewall_membership table lists the members (accounts) of registered firewall group profiles. The table has the following columns (with the corresponding Performance Schemafirewall_membership table having similar but not necessarily identical columns):

  • GROUP_ID

    The group profile name.

  • MEMBER_ID

    The name of an account that is a member of the profile.

Firewall Account Profile Tables

MySQL Enterprise Firewall maintains account profile information using tables in themysql system database for persistent storage andINFORMATION_SCHEMA tables to provide views into in-memory cached data.

Eachmysql system database table is accessible only by accounts that have theSELECT privilege for it. TheINFORMATION_SCHEMA tables are accessible by anyone.

As of MySQL 8.0.26, these tables are deprecated and subject to removal in a future MySQL version. SeeMigrating Account Profiles to Group Profiles.

Themysql.firewall_users table lists names and operational modes of registered firewall account profiles. The table has the following columns (with the correspondingMYSQL_FIREWALL_USERS table having similar but not necessarily identical columns):

  • USERHOST

    The account profile name. Each account name has the formatuser_name@host_name.

  • MODE

    The current operational mode for the profile. Permitted mode values areOFF,DETECTING,PROTECTING,RECORDING, andRESET. For details about their meanings, seeFirewall Concepts.

Themysql.firewall_whitelist table lists allowlist rules of registered firewall account profiles. The table has the following columns (with the correspondingMYSQL_FIREWALL_WHITELIST table having similar but not necessarily identical columns):

  • USERHOST

    The account profile name. Each account name has the formatuser_name@host_name.

  • RULE

    A normalized statement indicating an acceptable statement pattern for the profile. A profile allowlist is the union of its rules.

  • ID

    An integer column that is a primary key for the table. This column was added in MySQL 8.0.12.

MySQL Enterprise Firewall Stored Procedures

MySQL Enterprise Firewall stored procedures perform tasks such as registering profiles with the firewall, establishing their operational mode, and managing transfer of firewall data between the cache and persistent storage. These procedures invoke administrative functions that provide an API for lower-level tasks.

Firewall stored procedures are created in themysql system database. To invoke a firewall stored procedure, either do so whilemysql is the default database, or qualify the procedure name with the database name. For example:

CALL mysql.sp_set_firewall_group_mode(group,mode);
Firewall Group Profile Stored Procedures

These stored procedures perform management operations on firewall group profiles:

  • sp_firewall_group_delist(group,user)

    This stored procedure removes an account from a firewall group profile.

    If the call succeeds, the change in group membership is made to both the in-memory cache and persistent storage.

    Arguments:

    • group: The name of the affected group profile.

    • user: The account to remove, as a string inuser_name@host_name format.

    Example:

    CALL sp_firewall_group_delist('g', 'fwuser@localhost');

    This procedure was added in MySQL 8.0.23.

  • sp_firewall_group_enlist(group,user)

    This stored procedure adds an account to a firewall group profile. It is not necessary to register the account itself with the firewall before adding the account to the group.

    If the call succeeds, the change in group membership is made to both the in-memory cache and persistent storage.

    Arguments:

    • group: The name of the affected group profile.

    • user: The account to add, as a string inuser_name@host_name format.

    Example:

    CALL sp_firewall_group_enlist('g', 'fwuser@localhost');

    This procedure was added in MySQL 8.0.23.

  • sp_reload_firewall_group_rules(group)

    This stored procedure provides control over firewall operation for individual group profiles. The procedure uses firewall administrative functions to reload the in-memory rules for a group profile from the rules stored in themysql.firewall_group_allowlist table.

    Arguments:

    • group: The name of the affected group profile.

    Example:

    CALL sp_reload_firewall_group_rules('myapp');
    Warning

    This procedure clears the group profile in-memory allowlist rules before reloading them from persistent storage, and sets the profile mode toOFF. If the profile mode was notOFF prior to thesp_reload_firewall_group_rules() call, usesp_set_firewall_group_mode() to restore its previous mode after reloading the rules. For example, if the profile was inPROTECTING mode, that is no longer true after callingsp_reload_firewall_group_rules() and you must set it toPROTECTING again explicitly.

    This procedure was added in MySQL 8.0.23.

  • sp_set_firewall_group_mode(group,mode)

    This stored procedure establishes the operational mode for a firewall group profile, after registering the profile with the firewall if it was not already registered. The procedure also invokes firewall administrative functions as necessary to transfer firewall data between the cache and persistent storage. This procedure may be called even if themysql_firewall_mode system variable isOFF, although setting the mode for a profile has no operational effect until the firewall is enabled.

    If the profile previously existed, any recording limitation for it remains unchanged. To set or clear the limitation, callsp_set_firewall_group_mode_and_user() instead.

    Arguments:

    • group: The name of the affected group profile.

    • mode: The operational mode for the profile, as a string. Permitted mode values areOFF,DETECTING,PROTECTING, andRECORDING. For details about their meanings, seeFirewall Concepts.

    Example:

    CALL sp_set_firewall_group_mode('myapp', 'PROTECTING');

    This procedure was added in MySQL 8.0.23.

  • sp_set_firewall_group_mode_and_user(group,mode,user)

    This stored procedure registers a group with the firewall and establishes its operational mode, similar tosp_set_firewall_group_mode(), but also specifies the training account to be used when the group is inRECORDING mode.

    Arguments:

    • group: The name of the affected group profile.

    • mode: The operational mode for the profile, as a string. Permitted mode values areOFF,DETECTING,PROTECTING, andRECORDING. For details about their meanings, seeFirewall Concepts.

    • user: The training account for the group profile, to be used when the profile is inRECORDING mode. The value isNULL, or a non-NULL account that has the formatuser_name@host_name:

      • If the value isNULL, the firewall records allowlist rules for statements received from any account that is a member of the group.

      • If the value is non-NULL, the firewall records allowlist rules only for statements received from the named account (which should be a member of the group).

    Example:

    CALL sp_set_firewall_group_mode_and_user('myapp', 'RECORDING', 'myapp_user1@localhost');

    This procedure was added in MySQL 8.0.23.

Firewall Account Profile Stored Procedures

These stored procedures perform management operations on firewall account profiles:

  • sp_reload_firewall_rules(user)

    This stored procedure provides control over firewall operation for individual account profiles. The procedure uses firewall administrative functions to reload the in-memory rules for an account profile from the rules stored in themysql.firewall_whitelist table.

    Arguments:

    • user: The name of the affected account profile, as a string inuser_name@host_name format.

    Example:

    CALL mysql.sp_reload_firewall_rules('fwuser@localhost');
    Warning

    This procedure clears the account profile in-memory allowlist rules before reloading them from persistent storage, and sets the profile mode toOFF. If the profile mode was notOFF prior to thesp_reload_firewall_rules() call, usesp_set_firewall_mode() to restore its previous mode after reloading the rules. For example, if the profile was inPROTECTING mode, that is no longer true after callingsp_reload_firewall_rules() and you must set it toPROTECTING again explicitly.

    As of MySQL 8.0.26, this procedure is deprecated and subject to removal in a future MySQL version. SeeMigrating Account Profiles to Group Profiles.

  • sp_set_firewall_mode(user,mode)

    This stored procedure establishes the operational mode for a firewall account profile, after registering the profile with the firewall if it was not already registered. The procedure also invokes firewall administrative functions as necessary to transfer firewall data between the cache and persistent storage. This procedure may be called even if themysql_firewall_mode system variable isOFF, although setting the mode for a profile has no operational effect until the firewall is enabled.

    Arguments:

    • user: The name of the affected account profile, as a string inuser_name@host_name format.

    • mode: The operational mode for the profile, as a string. Permitted mode values areOFF,DETECTING,PROTECTING,RECORDING, andRESET. For details about their meanings, seeFirewall Concepts.

    Switching an account profile to any mode butRECORDING synchronizes its firewall cache data to themysql system database tables that provide persistent underlying storage. Switching the mode fromOFF toRECORDING reloads the allowlist from themysql.firewall_whitelist table into the cache.

    If an account profile has an empty allowlist, its mode cannot be set toPROTECTING because the profile would reject every statement, effectively prohibiting the account from executing statements. In response to such a mode-setting attempt, the firewall produces a diagnostic message that is returned as a result set rather than as an SQL error:

    mysql> CALL mysql.sp_set_firewall_mode('a@b','PROTECTING');+----------------------------------------------------------------------+| set_firewall_mode(arg_userhost, arg_mode)                            |+----------------------------------------------------------------------+| ERROR: PROTECTING mode requested for a@b but the allowlist is empty. |+----------------------------------------------------------------------+

    As of MySQL 8.0.26, this procedure is deprecated and subject to removal in a future MySQL version. SeeMigrating Account Profiles to Group Profiles.

Firewall Miscellaneous Stored Procedures

These stored procedures perform miscellaneous firewall management operations.

  • sp_migrate_firewall_user_to_group(user,group)

    As of MySQL 8.0.26, account profiles are deprecated because group profiles can do anything account profiles can do. Thesp_migrate_firewall_user_to_group() stored procedure converts a firewall account profile to a group profile with the account as its single enlisted member. Run thefirewall_profile_migration.sql script to install it. The conversion procedure is discussed inMigrating Account Profiles to Group Profiles.

    This routine requires theFIREWALL_ADMIN privilege.

    Arguments:

    • user: The name of the account profile to convert to a group profile, as a string inuser_name@host_name format. The account profile must exist, and must not currently be inRECORDING mode.

    • group: The name of the new group profile, which must not already exist. The new group profile has the named account as its single enlisted member, and that member is set as the group training account. The group profile operational mode is taken from the account profile operational mode.

    Example:

    CALL sp_migrate_firewall_user_to_group('fwuser@localhost', 'mygroup);

    This procedure was added in MySQL 8.0.26.

MySQL Enterprise Firewall Administrative Functions

MySQL Enterprise Firewall administrative functions provide an API for lower-level tasks such as synchronizing the firewall cache with the underlying system tables.

Under normal operation, these functions are invoked by the firewall stored procedures, not directly by users. For that reason, these function descriptions do not include details such as information about their arguments and return types.

Firewall Group Profile Functions

These functions perform management operations on firewall group profiles:

  • firewall_group_delist(group,user)

    This function removes an account from a group profile. It requires theFIREWALL_ADMIN privilege.

    Example:

    SELECT firewall_group_delist('g', 'fwuser@localhost');

    This function was added in MySQL 8.0.23.

  • firewall_group_enlist(group,user)

    This function adds an account to a group profile. It requires theFIREWALL_ADMIN privilege.

    It is not necessary to register the account itself with the firewall before adding the account to the group.

    Example:

    SELECT firewall_group_enlist('g', 'fwuser@localhost');

    This function was added in MySQL 8.0.23.

  • read_firewall_group_allowlist(group,rule)

    This aggregate function updates the recorded-statement cache for the named group profile through aSELECT statement on themysql.firewall_group_allowlist table. It requires theFIREWALL_ADMIN privilege.

    Example:

    SELECT read_firewall_group_allowlist('my_fw_group', fgw.rule)FROM mysql.firewall_group_allowlist AS fgwWHERE NAME = 'my_fw_group';

    This function was added in MySQL 8.0.23.

  • read_firewall_groups(group,mode,user)

    This aggregate function updates the firewall group profile cache through aSELECT statement on themysql.firewall_groups table. It requires theFIREWALL_ADMIN privilege.

    Example:

    SELECT read_firewall_groups('g', 'RECORDING', 'fwuser@localhost')FROM mysql.firewall_groups;

    This function was added in MySQL 8.0.23.

  • set_firewall_group_mode(group,mode[,user])

    This function manages the group profile cache, establishes the profile operational mode, and optionally specifies the profile training account. It requires theFIREWALL_ADMIN privilege.

    If the optionaluser argument is not given, any previoususer setting for the profile remains unchanged. To change the setting, call the function with a third argument.

    If the optionaluser argument is given, it specifies the training account for the group profile, to be used when the profile is inRECORDING mode. The value isNULL, or a non-NULL account that has the formatuser_name@host_name:

    • If the value isNULL, the firewall records allowlist rules for statements received from any account that is a member of the group.

    • If the value is non-NULL, the firewall records allowlist rules only for statements received from the named account (which should be a member of the group).

    Example:

    SELECT set_firewall_group_mode('g', 'DETECTING');

    This function was added in MySQL 8.0.23.

Firewall Account Profile Functions

These functions perform management operations on firewall account profiles:

  • read_firewall_users(user,mode)

    This aggregate function updates the firewall account profile cache through aSELECT statement on themysql.firewall_users table. It requires theFIREWALL_ADMIN privilege or the deprecatedSUPER privilege.

    Example:

    SELECT read_firewall_users('fwuser@localhost', 'RECORDING')FROM mysql.firewall_users;

    As of MySQL 8.0.26, this function is deprecated and subject to removal in a future MySQL version. SeeMigrating Account Profiles to Group Profiles.

  • read_firewall_whitelist(user,rule)

    This aggregate function updates the recorded-statement cache for the named account profile through aSELECT statement on themysql.firewall_whitelist table. It requires theFIREWALL_ADMIN privilege or the deprecatedSUPER privilege.

    Example:

    SELECT read_firewall_whitelist('fwuser@localhost', fw.rule)FROM mysql.firewall_whitelist AS fwWHERE USERHOST = 'fwuser@localhost';

    As of MySQL 8.0.26, this function is deprecated and subject to removal in a future MySQL version. SeeMigrating Account Profiles to Group Profiles.

  • set_firewall_mode(user,mode)

    This function manages the account profile cache and establishes the profile operational mode. It requires theFIREWALL_ADMIN privilege or the deprecatedSUPER privilege.

    Example:

    SELECT set_firewall_mode('fwuser@localhost', 'RECORDING');

    As of MySQL 8.0.26, this function is deprecated and subject to removal in a future MySQL version. SeeMigrating Account Profiles to Group Profiles.

Firewall Miscellaneous Functions

These functions perform miscellaneous firewall operations:

MySQL Enterprise Firewall System Variables

MySQL Enterprise Firewall supports the following system variables. Use them to configure firewall operation. These variables are unavailable unless the firewall is installed (seeSection 8.4.7.2, “Installing or Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Firewall”).

  • mysql_firewall_mode

    Command-Line Format--mysql-firewall-mode[={OFF|ON}]
    System Variablemysql_firewall_mode
    ScopeGlobal
    DynamicYes
    SET_VAR Hint AppliesNo
    TypeBoolean
    Default ValueON

    Whether MySQL Enterprise Firewall is enabled (the default) or disabled.

  • mysql_firewall_trace

    Command-Line Format--mysql-firewall-trace[={OFF|ON}]
    System Variablemysql_firewall_trace
    ScopeGlobal
    DynamicYes
    SET_VAR Hint AppliesNo
    TypeBoolean
    Default ValueOFF

    Whether the MySQL Enterprise Firewall trace is enabled or disabled (the default). Whenmysql_firewall_trace is enabled, forPROTECTING mode, the firewall writes rejected statements to the error log.

MySQL Enterprise Firewall Status Variables

MySQL Enterprise Firewall supports the following status variables. Use them to obtain information about firewall operational status. These variables are unavailable unless the firewall is installed (seeSection 8.4.7.2, “Installing or Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Firewall”). Firewall status variables are set to 0 whenever theMYSQL_FIREWALL plugin is installed or the server is started. Many of them are reset to zero by themysql_firewall_flush_status() function (seeMySQL Enterprise Firewall Administrative Functions).