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Information Technology Laboratory
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    Publications

FIPS 202

SHA-3 Standard: Permutation-Based Hash and Extendable-Output Functions

   Documentation    Topics

Date Published:August 2015

Planning Note (03/13/2025):

NIST has decided to update this publication. See this announcement for more details.


A typographical error has been identified in (non-normative) Appendix B, on page 26. In the description of Algorithm 10, step 1 begins:

1. For each integer \(i\) such that \(0 \leq i < 2m-1 , \dots\)

but instead the correct notation should be:

1. For each integer \(i\) such that \(0 \leq i < 2m, \dots\)

This correction will be incorporated in any future revision of this standard.


Author(s)

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Abstract

This Standard specifies the Secure Hash Algorithm-3 (SHA-3) family of functions on binary data. Each of the SHA-3 functions is based on an instance of the KECCAK algorithm that NIST selected as the winner of the SHA-3 Cryptographic Hash Algorithm Competition. This Standard also specifies the KECCAK-p family of mathematical permutations, including the permutation that underlies KECCAK, in order to facilitate the development of additional permutation-based cryptographic functions. The SHA-3 family consists of four cryptographic hash functions, called SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, and SHA3-512, and two extendable-output functions (XOFs), called SHAKE128 and SHAKE256. Hash functions are components for many important information security applications, including 1) the generation and verification of digital signatures, 2) key derivation, and 3) pseudorandom bit generation. The hash functions specified in this Standard supplement the SHA-1 hash function and the SHA-2 family of hash functions that are specified in FIPS 180-4, the Secure Hash Standard. Extendable-output functions are different from hash functions, but it is possible to use them in similar ways, with the flexibility to be adapted directly to the requirements of individual applications, subject to additional security considerations.

This Standard specifies the Secure Hash Algorithm-3 (SHA-3) family of functions on binary data. Each of the SHA-3 functions is based on an instance of the KECCAK algorithm that NIST selected as the winner of the SHA-3 Cryptographic Hash Algorithm Competition. This Standard also specifies the...See full abstract

This Standard specifies the Secure Hash Algorithm-3 (SHA-3) family of functions on binary data. Each of the SHA-3 functions is based on an instance of the KECCAK algorithm that NIST selected as the winner of the SHA-3 Cryptographic Hash Algorithm Competition. This Standard also specifies the KECCAK-p family of mathematical permutations, including the permutation that underlies KECCAK, in order to facilitate the development of additional permutation-based cryptographic functions. The SHA-3 family consists of four cryptographic hash functions, called SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, and SHA3-512, and two extendable-output functions (XOFs), called SHAKE128 and SHAKE256. Hash functions are components for many important information security applications, including 1) the generation and verification of digital signatures, 2) key derivation, and 3) pseudorandom bit generation. The hash functions specified in this Standard supplement the SHA-1 hash function and the SHA-2 family of hash functions that are specified in FIPS 180-4, the Secure Hash Standard. Extendable-output functions are different from hash functions, but it is possible to use them in similar ways, with the flexibility to be adapted directly to the requirements of individual applications, subject to additional security considerations.


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Keywords

hash function;information security;message digest;permutation;SHA-3;sponge construction;sponge function;cryptography;extendable-output function;Federal Information Processing Standard;KECCAK;XOF;hash algorithm;computer security
Control Families

None selected

Documentation

Publication:
https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.FIPS.202
Download URL

Supplemental Material:
Federal Register Notice
Press Release
Comments received on Draft FIPS 202 (pdf)
Draft FIPS 202 (May 2014) (pdf)

Related NIST Publications:
ITL Bulletin
SP 800-185
IR 7896
IR 7764
IR 7620

Document History:
08/04/15:FIPS 202 (Final)

Topics

Security and Privacy

authentication,secure hashing


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