Insert objects into an image using inpaint

This page describes how to insert objects into an image, a process alsoknown asinpainting. Imagen on Vertex AI lets you specify a mask area toinsert objects into an image. You can bring your own mask, or you can letImagen generate a mask for you.

Content insertion example

With inpainting, you can use a base image, an image mask, and a text promptto add content to an existing image.

Inputs

Base image* to editMask area specified using tools in the Google Cloud consoleText prompt
An example base image. A glass jar contains a red liquid with a           lemon slice on the side and a straw sticking out. Lemon slices are           visible in the left foregroundThe base image of a glass jar, now with a mask area specified in           the Cloud consolestrawberries

*Image credit:Alex Lvrs onUnsplash.

Output after specifying a mask area in the Google Cloud console

A screenshot from a generated edit of a glass jar containing a           red liquid. In this screenshot, the lemon slices previously in the           image foreground are replaced by two strawberries directly in front           of the jar.A screenshot from a generated edit of a glass jar containing a           red liquid. In this screenshot, the lemon slices previously in the           image foreground are replaced by three strawberries just to the left           of the jar.A screenshot from a generated edit of a glass jar containing a           red liquid. In this screenshot, the lemon slices previously in the           image foreground are replaced by two strawberries, slighly in front           of and to the left of the jar.

View Imagen for Editing and Customization model card

Before you begin

  1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
  2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Roles required to select or create a project

    • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
    • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains theresourcemanager.projects.create permission.Learn how to grant roles.
    Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

    Go to project selector

  3. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  4. Enable the Vertex AI API.

    Roles required to enable APIs

    To enable APIs, you need the Service Usage Admin IAM role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin), which contains theserviceusage.services.enable permission.Learn how to grant roles.

    Enable the API

  5. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Roles required to select or create a project

    • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
    • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains theresourcemanager.projects.create permission.Learn how to grant roles.
    Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

    Go to project selector

  6. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  7. Enable the Vertex AI API.

    Roles required to enable APIs

    To enable APIs, you need the Service Usage Admin IAM role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin), which contains theserviceusage.services.enable permission.Learn how to grant roles.

    Enable the API

  8. Set up authentication for your environment.

    Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:

    Console

    When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.

    Python

    To use the Python samples on this page in a local development environment, install and initialize the gcloud CLI, and then set up Application Default Credentials with your user credentials.

      Install the Google Cloud CLI.

      If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

      If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

      gcloudauthapplication-defaultlogin

      You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

      If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

    For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment in the Google Cloud authentication documentation.

    REST

    To use the REST API samples on this page in a local development environment, you use the credentials you provide to the gcloud CLI.

      Install the Google Cloud CLI.

      If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

    For more information, seeAuthenticate for using REST in the Google Cloud authentication documentation.

Insert with a defined mask area

Use the following samples to send an inpainting request using theImagen 3 model.

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to theVertex AI> Media Studio page.

<a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/studio/media/generate;tab=image"target="console" track-name="consoleLink" track-type="task">Go to MediaStudio</a>
  1. ClickUpload and select a file to upload.

  2. ClickInpaint.

    Do one of the following:

    • Upload your own mask:

      1. Create a mask on your computer.

      2. ClickUpload mask and select a mask to upload.

    • Define your mask: in the editing toolbar, use the mask tools (box,brush, ormasked_transitionsinvert tool) to specify the area or areas to add content to.

  3. Optional: In theParameters panel, adjust the following options:

    • Model: the Imagen model to use.

    • Number of results: the number of result to generate.

    • Negative prompt: describe what you want to exclude from thegenerated images.

  4. In the prompt field, enter a prompt to modify the image.

  5. ClickGenerate.

Python

Install

pip install --upgrade google-genai

To learn more, see the SDK reference documentation.

Set environment variables to use the Gen AI SDK with Vertex AI:

# Replace the `GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT` and `GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION` values# with appropriate values for your project.exportGOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECTexportGOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION=us-central1exportGOOGLE_GENAI_USE_VERTEXAI=True

fromgoogleimportgenaifromgoogle.genai.typesimport(RawReferenceImage,MaskReferenceImage,MaskReferenceConfig,EditImageConfig,)client=genai.Client()# TODO(developer): Update and un-comment below line# output_file = "output-image.png"raw_ref=RawReferenceImage(reference_image=Image.from_file(location="test_resources/fruit.png"),reference_id=0,)mask_ref=MaskReferenceImage(reference_id=1,reference_image=Image.from_file(location="test_resources/fruit_mask.png"),config=MaskReferenceConfig(mask_mode="MASK_MODE_USER_PROVIDED",mask_dilation=0.01,),)image=client.models.edit_image(model="imagen-3.0-capability-001",prompt="A plate of cookies",reference_images=[raw_ref,mask_ref],config=EditImageConfig(edit_mode="EDIT_MODE_INPAINT_INSERTION",),)image.generated_images[0].image.save(output_file)print(f"Created output image using{len(image.generated_images[0].image.image_bytes)} bytes")# Example response:# Created output image using 1234567 bytes

REST

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

  • REGION: The region that your project is located in. For more information about supported regions, seeGenerative AI on Vertex AI locations.
  • PROJECT_ID: Your Google Cloud project ID.
  • TEXT_PROMPT: Optional. A text prompt to guide the images that the model generates. For best results, use a description of the masked area and avoid single-word prompts. For example, use "a cute corgi" instead of "corgi".
  • B64_BASE_IMAGE: A base64-encoded image of the image being edited that is 10MB or less in size. For more information about base64-encoding, seeBase64 encode and decode files.
  • B64_MASK_IMAGE: A base64-encoded black and white mask image that is 10MB or less in size.
  • MASK_DILATION: Optional. A float value between 0 and 1, inclusive, that represents the percentage of the image width to grow the mask by. Usingdilation helps compensate for imprecise masks. We recommend a value of0.01.
  • EDIT_STEPS: Optional. An integer that represents the number of sampling steps. A higher value offers better image quality, a lower value offers better latency.

    We recommend that you try35 steps to start. If the quality doesn't meet your requirements, then we recomment increasing the value towards an upper limit of75.

  • SAMPLE_COUNT: Optional. An integer that describes the number of images to generate. The accepted range of values is1-4. The default value is4.

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://REGION-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION/publishers/google/models/imagen-3.0-capability-001:predict

Request JSON body:

{  "instances": [    {      "prompt": "TEXT_PROMPT",      "referenceImages": [        {          "referenceType": "REFERENCE_TYPE_RAW",          "referenceId": 1,          "referenceImage": {            "bytesBase64Encoded": "B64_BASE_IMAGE"          }        },        {          "referenceType": "REFERENCE_TYPE_MASK",          "referenceImage": {            "bytesBase64Encoded": "B64_MASK_IMAGE"          },          "maskImageConfig": {            "maskMode": "MASK_MODE_USER_PROVIDED",            "dilation":MASK_DILATION          }        }      ]    }  ],  "parameters": {    "editConfig": {      "baseSteps":EDIT_STEPS    },    "editMode": "EDIT_MODE_INPAINT_INSERTION",    "sampleCount":SAMPLE_COUNT  }}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Note: The following command assumes that you have logged in to thegcloud CLI with your user account by runninggcloud init orgcloud auth login , or by usingCloud Shell, which automatically logs you into thegcloud CLI . You can check the currently active account by runninggcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file namedrequest.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
-d @request.json \
"https://REGION-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION/publishers/google/models/imagen-3.0-capability-001:predict"

PowerShell

Note: The following command assumes that you have logged in to thegcloud CLI with your user account by runninggcloud init orgcloud auth login . You can check the currently active account by runninggcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file namedrequest.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
-Method POST `
-Headers $headers `
-ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
-InFile request.json `
-Uri "https://REGION-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION/publishers/google/models/imagen-3.0-capability-001:predict" | Select-Object -Expand Content
The following sample response is for a request with"sampleCount": 2. The response returns two prediction objects, withthe generated image bytes base64-encoded.
{  "predictions": [    {      "bytesBase64Encoded": "BASE64_IMG_BYTES",      "mimeType": "image/png"    },    {      "mimeType": "image/png",      "bytesBase64Encoded": "BASE64_IMG_BYTES"    }  ]}

Insert with automatic mask detection

Use the following samples to specify inpainting to insert content. In thesesamples you specify a base image and a text prompt. Imagenautomatically detects and creates a mask area to modify the base image.

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to theVertex AI> Media Studio page.

<a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/studio/media/generate;tab=image"target="console" track-name="consoleLink" track-type="task">Go to MediaStudio</a>
  1. ClickUpload and select a file to upload.

  2. ClickInpaint.

  3. In the editing toolbar, clickbackground_replaceExtract mask.

  4. Select one of the mask extraction options:

    • Background elements: detects the background elements and creates a mask around them.

    • Foreground elements:detects the foreground objects and creates a mask around them.

    • background_replacePeople:detects people and creates a mask around them.

  5. Optional: In theParameters panel, adjust the followingoptions:

    • Model: the Imagen model to use.

    • Number of results: the number of result to generate.

    • Negative prompt: describe what you want to exclude from the generated images.

  6. In the prompt field, enter a prompt to modify the image.

  7. ClicksendGenerate.

Python

Install

pip install --upgrade google-genai

To learn more, see the SDK reference documentation.

Set environment variables to use the Gen AI SDK with Vertex AI:

# Replace the `GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT` and `GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION` values# with appropriate values for your project.exportGOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECTexportGOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION=us-central1exportGOOGLE_GENAI_USE_VERTEXAI=True

fromgoogleimportgenaifromgoogle.genai.typesimport(RawReferenceImage,MaskReferenceImage,MaskReferenceConfig,EditImageConfig,)client=genai.Client()# TODO(developer): Update and un-comment below line# output_file = "output-image.png"raw_ref=RawReferenceImage(reference_image=Image.from_file(location="test_resources/fruit.png"),reference_id=0,)mask_ref=MaskReferenceImage(reference_id=1,reference_image=None,config=MaskReferenceConfig(mask_mode="MASK_MODE_FOREGROUND",mask_dilation=0.1,),)image=client.models.edit_image(model="imagen-3.0-capability-001",prompt="A small white ceramic bowl with lemons and limes",reference_images=[raw_ref,mask_ref],config=EditImageConfig(edit_mode="EDIT_MODE_INPAINT_INSERTION",),)image.generated_images[0].image.save(output_file)print(f"Created output image using{len(image.generated_images[0].image.image_bytes)} bytes")# Example response:# Created output image using 1234567 bytes

REST

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

  • PROJECT_ID: Your Google Cloudproject ID.
  • LOCATION: Your project's region. For example,us-central1,europe-west2, orasia-northeast3. For a list of available regions, seeGenerative AI on Vertex AI locations.
  • TEXT_PROMPT: The text prompt guides what images the model generates. When you use a prompt for inpainting insertion, use a description of the masked area for best results. Avoid single-word prompts. For example, use "a cute corgi" instead of "corgi".
  • B64_BASE_IMAGE: The base image to edit or upscale. The image must be specified as abase64-encoded byte string. Size limit: 10 MB.
  • MASK_MODE - A string that sets the type of automatic mask creation the model uses. Available values:
    • MASK_MODE_BACKGROUND: Automatically generates a mask using background segmentation.
    • MASK_MODE_FOREGROUND: Automatically generates a mask using foreground segmentation.
    • MASK_MODE_SEMANTIC: Automatically generates a mask using semantic segmentation based on thesegmentation classes you specify in themaskImageConfig.maskClasses array. For example:
                "maskImageConfig": {            "maskMode": "MASK_MODE_SEMANTIC",            "maskClasses": [175, 176], // bicycle, car            "dilation": 0.01          }
  • MASK_DILATION - float. The percentage of image width to dilate this mask by. A value of0.01 is recommended to compensate for imperfect input masks.
  • EDIT_STEPS - integer. The number of sampling steps for the base model. For inpainting insertion, start at35 steps. Increase steps to upper limit of75 if the quality doesn't meet your requirements. Increasing steps also increases request latency.
  • EDIT_IMAGE_COUNT - The number of edited images. Accepted integer values: 1-4. Default value: 4.

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://LOCATION-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/publishers/google/models/imagen-3.0-capability-001:predict

Request JSON body:

{  "instances": [    {      "prompt": "TEXT_PROMPT",      "referenceImages": [        {          "referenceType": "REFERENCE_TYPE_RAW",          "referenceId": 1,          "referenceImage": {            "bytesBase64Encoded": "B64_BASE_IMAGE"          }        },        {          "referenceType": "REFERENCE_TYPE_MASK",          "referenceId": 2,          "maskImageConfig": {            "maskMode": "MASK_MODE",            "dilation":MASK_DILATION          }        }      ]    }  ],  "parameters": {    "editConfig": {      "baseSteps":EDIT_STEPS    },    "editMode": "EDIT_MODE_INPAINT_INSERTION",    "sampleCount":EDIT_IMAGE_COUNT  }}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Note: The following command assumes that you have logged in to thegcloud CLI with your user account by runninggcloud init orgcloud auth login , or by usingCloud Shell, which automatically logs you into thegcloud CLI . You can check the currently active account by runninggcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file namedrequest.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
-d @request.json \
"https://LOCATION-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/publishers/google/models/imagen-3.0-capability-001:predict"

PowerShell

Note: The following command assumes that you have logged in to thegcloud CLI with your user account by runninggcloud init orgcloud auth login . You can check the currently active account by runninggcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file namedrequest.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
-Method POST `
-Headers $headers `
-ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
-InFile request.json `
-Uri "https://LOCATION-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/publishers/google/models/imagen-3.0-capability-001:predict" | Select-Object -Expand Content
The following sample response is for a request with"sampleCount": 2. The response returns two prediction objects, with the generated image bytes base64-encoded.
{  "predictions": [    {      "bytesBase64Encoded": "BASE64_IMG_BYTES",      "mimeType": "image/png"    },    {      "mimeType": "image/png",      "bytesBase64Encoded": "BASE64_IMG_BYTES"    }  ]}

Limitations

The following sections explain limitations of Imagen's removeobjects feature.

Modified pixels

The model generates pixels at its own resolution (for example,1024x1024), which might differ from the input image's resolution. This meansthe generated image might have small changes that weren't in the originalimage.

To perfectly preserve the image, we recommend blending the generated imagewith the input image using the mask. Typically, if the input imageresolution is 2K or higher, blending the generated image and input image isrequired.

Insert limitation

While the inserted object usually matches the style of the base image,some keywords might produce cartoon-like results instead of a photorealisticoutput.

For example, prompting for a "yellow giraffe" might result in a cartoonishimage because giraffes are naturally brown and tan. Generating photorealisticimages with unnatural colors can be difficult.

What's next

Read articles about Imagen and other Generative AI on Vertex AIproducts:

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under theCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under theApache 2.0 License. For details, see theGoogle Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-11-24 UTC.